Sophie Javerlhiac, La reconversion des sportifs de haut niveau. Pouvoir et vouloir se former

Si le sport de haut niveau est devenu un objet légitime de recherche, comme le signale Didier Demazière dans la postface de l’ouvrage, le travail de Sophie Javerlhiac ne peut qu’alimenter les réflexions qui gravitent autour de la notion de carrière professionnelle. En s’intéressant à l’une de ses étapes, celle de la reconversion, l’auteure rend compte plus particulièrement des différentes façons dont les sportifs de haut niveau (SHN) se positionnent face à cette question. L’originalité se sit..

Caractériser un marché à partir de ses travailleuses : le cas du basket

Eesti Arst 2010; 89(1):62−6

"Starting five" or "sparring-partner"? The sociology of female elite basketball players' careers

Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse à la structuration et à la dynamique d’un marché de sportives professionnelles : précisément celui qu’animent les basketteuses en France. Il s’agit d’approcher la régulation de ce marché par le prisme d’un de ces acteurs (les joueuses), de comprendre comment elles « se placent », et en quoi les ressources mobilisées pour s’installer dans le métier et construire sa carrière dépassent les limites du terrain sportif.Considered a paying job by some, a non-contratualized activity by some others, femalebasketball is far from being homogenous. Thus this thesis will try to analyze the careers ofplayers belonging to the highest two national French divisions with a view to enlighten howthese careers get constructed and evolve. This sports world is very competitive, hierarchiallyordered and unsafe, that's why've tried to study its organization and functioning by unvealingthe mechanisms which explain that a player eventually occupies such or such a position. Guidedby the interactionist approach to social phenomena and concerned with career studying by usingan inductive process, we've combined several (quantitativ and qualitativ) field surveys: that'show we've drawn up 3 categories of sportswomen based on the position they occupy at onemoment in their careers : the « stars », the « settled » and the others. Beyond these results we'vealso attempted to question the survey methods, by reporting on our methodology and byadvancing cautiously in the harvesting and analysis of the material produced. Finally this surveydedicated to female elite basketball players has also permitted to draw some elements to start afuture survey devoted to the sports market more serenely : our attention will be drawn to otherpeople than female basketball players such as agents, club managers and coaches

Vers une sociologie du marché du basket-ball féminin : éléments de monographie statistique

International audienc

SSEA4 AND ST3GAL2 AS CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG RESPONSE BIOMARKERS

In the field of oncology, biomarkers are used to calculate the prognosis of a malignancy, predict suitable treatments, monitor disease progression, and evaluate treatment impact. The range of used biomarkers is extremely wide. Morphological or histological characteristics but also molecular markers on the protein and RNA and DNA level are frequently used. Whereas good markers for the majority of targeted therapies exist, for most tumor entities there is a lack of markers that can be used to predict the response for systemic therapies like chemotherapy. In breast cancer, chemotherapy is predominately used for stage 2–4 disease, being particularly beneficial in estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) disease. Usually, several drugs are given in combinations, and one of the most common treatments is cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin (Adriamycin®), known as A/C. In general, chemotherapy works by unspecifically destroying fast-growing/fast-replicating cells. In the case of A/C cell death is induced by causing DNA damage during replication. Due to the general mechanism of action for the majority of chemotherapy agents, these drugs next to targeting tumor cells also damage fast-growing normal cells where they cause serious side effects like hair loss or liver and gastrointestinal complications. Although less than 25% of breast cancer patients benefit from chemotherapeutic treatment, this systemic approach is still used as standard care. Because of the severe side effects, it would be highly beneficial to identify markers which can be used to predict the response to chemotherapy preventing treatment of de-novo resistant tumors. In the present invention, we identify SSEA4 (stage-specific embryonic antigen-4), a sialyl-glycolipid, and ST3GAL2, the synthesizing enzyme of SSEA4, as diagnostic and drug response biomarkers in cancer. Expression of SSEA4 and/or ST3GAL2 on/in cancerous cells predicts the outcome for chemotherapeutic treatment of these cells. SSEA4 and/or ST3GAL2 can be used as biomarkers in a method to predict resistance to chemotherapy in an individual with cancer