Codice per il calcolo della pericolosità sismica da dati di sito: SASHA (Site Approach to Seismic Hazard Assessment)

Viene presentato il codice di calcolo SASHA che implementa l’approccio probabilistico proposto da Albarello e Mucciarelli (2002) alla stima della pericolosità sismica in termini di intensità macrosismica. Elemento chiave della metodologia è la storia sismica locale, ovvero i risentimenti documentati al sito dei terremoti passati eventualmente integrati da risentimenti “virtuali” dedotti a partire da dati epicentrali. La procedura (approccio “di sito”), appositamente sviluppata per l’analisi di dati di intensità, consente di utilizzare in modo formalmente corretto la grande quantità di informazioni macrosismiche disponibili in paesi come l’Italia. Oltre al presente testo, nel quale è descritto in dettaglio l’utilizzo del programma (metodologia, opzioni di calcolo, formato dei file di input/output), vengono allegati l’eseguibile di SASHA e un esempio dei file di input (catalogo epicentrale e dei risentimenti macrosismici, elenco di località) e output

Spin-based quantum gating with semiconductor quantum dots by bichromatic radiation method

A potential scheme is proposed for realizing a two-qubit quantum gate in semiconductor quantum dots. Information is encoded in the spin degrees of freedom of one excess conduction electron of each quantum dot. We propose to use two lasers, radiation two neighboring QDs, and tuned to blue detuning with respect to the resonant frequencies of individual excitons. The two-qubit phase gate can be achieved by means of both Pauli-blocking effect and dipole-dipole coupling between intermediate excitonic states.Comment: Europhysics Letters 66 (2004) 1

Timing the millisecond pulsars in 47 Tucanae

In the last 10 years 20 millisecond pulsars have been discovered in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae. Hitherto, only 3 of these had published timing solutions. Here we improve upon these 3 and present 12 new solutions. These measurements can be used to determine a variety of physical properties of the pulsars and of the cluster. The 15 pulsars have positions determined with typical uncertianties of only a few milliarcsec and they are all located within 1.2 arcmin of the cluster centre. We have also measured the proper motions of 5 of the pulsars, which are consistent with the proper motion of 47 Tuc based on Hipparcos data. The period derivatives measured for many of the pulsars are dominated by the dynamical effects of the cluster gravitational field, and are used to constrain the surface mass density of the cluster. All pulsars have characteristic ages T > 170 Myr and magnetic fields B < 2.4e9 Gauss, and the average T > 1 Gyr. We have measured the rate of advance of periastron for the binary pulsar J0024-7204H, implying a total system mass 1.4+-0.8 solar masses.Comment: 17 pages, 11 included figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Confronto fra stime di pericolosità sismica in Italia

Allo scopo di valutare l’attendibilità delle stime di pericolosità sismica recentemente proposte per l’Italia sulla base di un approccio standard basato sull’impiego di informazioni geologiche (zone sismogenetiche) e sismologiche (catalogo sismico epicentrale), viene proposto un confronto con stime di pericolosità effettuate a partire dall’analisi statistica delle storie sismiche di sito relative alle 1401 località per le quali esistono informazioni circa glie effetti macrosismici osservati in occasione di almeno dieci terremoti del passato. In particolare, sono stati messi a confronto i valori dell’accelerazione massima orizzontale del moto del suolo corrispondente ad una probabilità di eccedenza del 10% in 50 anni dedotti con l’approccio standard, con i valori dell’intensità macrosismica corrispondente alle stesse probabilità di eccedenza per un tempo di ritorno di 50 anni. Il confronto, effettuato con una procedura non parametrica che non richiede l’impiego relazioni di conversione empiriche, indica che le differenze osservate sono fortemente correlate con la geometria delle zone sismotettoniche utilizzate nell’approccio standard. In particolare, la zonazione sembra incompleta (sembrano esistere zone “nascoste”) e a tratti troppo grossolana (a causa della scarsità dei dati disponibili) per rappresentare adeguatamente i processi sismogenici attivi nell’area italiana

Non-linear matter power spectrum from Time Renormalisation Group: efficient computation and comparison with one-loop

We address the issue of computing the non-linear matter power spectrum on mildly non-linear scales with efficient semi-analytic methods. We implemented M. Pietroni's Time Renormalization Group (TRG) method and its Dynamical 1-Loop (D1L) limit in a numerical module for the new Boltzmann code CLASS. Our publicly released module is valid for LCDM models, and optimized in such a way to run in less than a minute for D1L, or in one hour (divided by number of nodes) for TRG. A careful comparison of the D1L, TRG and Standard 1-Loop approaches reveals that results depend crucially on the assumed initial bispectrum at high redshift. When starting from a common assumption, the three methods give roughly the same results, showing that the partial resumation of diagrams beyond one loop in the TRG method improves one-loop results by a negligible amount. A comparison with highly accurate simulations by M. Sato & T. Matsubara shows that all three methods tend to over-predict non-linear corrections by the same amount on small wavelengths. Percent precision is achieved until k~0.2 h/Mpc for z>2, or until k~0.14 h/Mpc at z=1.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, revised title and conclusions, version accepted in JCAP, code available at http://class-code.ne

Observation of spin Coulomb drag in a two-dimensional electron gas

An electron propagating through a solid carries spin angular momentum in addition to its mass and charge. Of late there has been considerable interest in developing electronic devices based on the transport of spin, which offer potential advantages in dissipation, size, and speed over charge-based devices. However, these advantages bring with them additional complexity. Because each electron carries a single, fixed value (-e) of charge, the electrical current carried by a gas of electrons is simply proportional to its total momentum. A fundamental consequence is that the charge current is not affected by interactions that conserve total momentum, notably collisions among the electrons themselves. In contrast, the electron's spin along a given spatial direction can take on two values, "up" and "down", so that the spin current and momentum need not be proportional. Although the transport of spin polarization is not protected by momentum conservation, it has been widely assumed that, like the charge current, spin current is unaffected by electron-electron (e-e) interactions. Here we demonstrate experimentally not only that this assumption is invalid, but that over a broad range of temperature and electron density, the flow of spin polarization in a two-dimensional gas of electrons is controlled by the rate of e-e collisions

Cancer‐Related Cachexia: The Vicious Circle between Inflammatory Cytokines, Skeletal Muscle, Lipid Metabolism and the Possible Role of Physical Training

Cachexia is a multifactorial and multi‐organ syndrome that is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in late‐stage chronic diseases. The main clinical features of cancer‐related cachexia are chronic inflammation, wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, insulin resistance, anorexia, and impaired myogenesis. A multimodal treatment has been suggested to approach the multifactorial genesis of cachexia. In this context, physical exercise has been found to have a general effect on maintaining homeostasis in a healthy life, involving multiple organs and their metabolism. The purpose of this review is to present the evidence for the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, skeletal muscle, and fat metabolism and the potential role of exercise training in breaking the vicious circle of this impaired tissue cross‐talk. Due to the wide‐ranging effects of exercise training, from the body to the behavior and cognition of the individual, it seems to be able to improve the quality of life in this syndrome. Therefore, studying the molecular effects of physical exercise could provide important information about the interactions between organs and the systemic mediators involved in the overall homeostasis of the body