PERSPECTIVA PSICOSOCIAL DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS

Hoy en día es imprescindible abordar el problema de los derechos desde una perspectiva holística que integre la posición que el individuo ocupa en la sociedad y el impacto de los hechos sociales sobre su persona. Esta perspectiva va por lo tanto más allá del enfoque clásico de las violaciones a los derechos civiles y políticos de los ciudadanos sino, también incluye sus derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. Cualquier enfoque de tipo holístico debe entender al ser humano en su ambiente, social, cultural, natural y en función a todas las estructuras existentes, por más sutiles que sean o invisibles que parezcan. Precisamente este libro permite apreciar la dimensión amplia y compleja del ser en sociedad y las interacciones que de ambas partes se generan y las ramificaciones que producen. No es un ejercicio fácil y los editores de este volumen han logrado un salto cuántico al poder congregar en un solo espacio miradas que en otras circunstancias podrían haber sido opuestas y hasta contrarias a nuestra comprensión de problemas que, en efecto, tienen raíces comunes. El libro está dividido en 5 secciones, El espíritu de los tiempos actuales y los Derechos Humanos, Construcción ciudadana y ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos, Violaciones a Derechos Humanos, victimizaciones y su atención, Ejercicio de los Derechos Humanos y situaciones disruptivas y Defensa y defensores de Derechos Humanos.Manuel Gutiérrez Romero Jessica Ruiz Magañ

Mediterranean bioconstructions along the Italian coast

Marine bioconstructions are biodiversity-rich, three-dimensional biogenic structures, regulating key ecological functions of benthic ecosystems worldwide. Tropical coral reefs are outstanding for their beauty, diversity and complexity, but analogous types of bioconstructions are also present in temperate seas. The main bioconstructions in the Mediterranean Sea are represented by coralligenous formations, vermetid reefs, deep-sea cold-water corals, Lithophyllum byssoides trottoirs, coral banks formed by the shallow-water corals Cladocora caespitosa or Astroides calycularis, and sabellariid or serpulid worm reefs. Bioconstructions change the morphological and chemicophysical features of primary substrates and create new habitats for a large variety of organisms, playing pivotal roles in ecosystem functioning. In spite of their importance, Mediterranean bioconstructions have not received the same attention that tropical coral reefs have, and the knowledge of their biology, ecology and distribution is still fragmentary. All existing data about the spatial distribution of Italian bioconstructions have been collected, together with information about their growth patterns, dynamics and connectivity. The degradation of these habitats as a consequence of anthropogenic pressures (pollution, organic enrichment, fishery, coastal development, direct physical disturbance), climate change and the spread of invasive species was also investigated. The study of bioconstructions requires a holistic approach leading to a better understanding of their ecology and the application of more insightful management and conservation measures at basin scale, within ecologically coherent units based on connectivity: the cells of ecosystem functioning

COVID-19 outbreaks in a transmission control scenario: challenges posed by social and leisure activities, and for workers in vulnerable conditions, Spain, early summer 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 community-wide transmission declined in Spain by early May 2020, being replaced by outbreaks and sporadic cases. From mid-June to 2 August, excluding single household outbreaks, 673 outbreaks were notified nationally, 551 active (>6,200 cases) at the time. More than half of these outbreaks and cases coincided with: (i) social (family/friends’ gatherings or leisure venues) and (ii) occupational (mainly involving workers in vulnerable conditions) settings. Control measures were accordingly applied

Territorios sustentables en contexto de pandemia

La obra ofrece trabajos que brindan un conocimiento científico sobre el impacto de la pandemia en la salud, la economía, el ambiente y los territorios y se plantean desafíos para hacer más sostenible la vida en las ciudades y en el campo para insertarse y poder competir a nivel global

Getting to the Heart of the Matter: A Case of Seronegative Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Case Presentation: A 52-year-old gentleman with past medical history of lupus nephritis, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism (on anticoagulation), and peripheral vascular disease requiring arterial bypass grafting presented to the hospital with two days of left toe pain, fever and chills. Physical exam demonstrated gangrenous changes of the left second toe as well as nontender, nonblanching erythematous macules along the plantar surface of the foot. Laboratory evaluation revealed prolonged partial thromboplastin time and elevated inflammatory markers without leukocytosis. Infectious serologies and final blood cultures were negative. Hypercoagulability studies, including antiphospholipid antibody titers and lupus anticoagulant, were normal. On imaging, he was found to have a patent bypass graft but was noted to have a 2.5-cm vegetation on the tricuspid valve. He had no atrial septal defect. Intravenous antibiotics were initiated for 4 weeks without resolution, and the patient underwent surgical tricuspid valve replacement and toe amputation. Intraoperative pathology was notable for sterile vegetation and toes with arterial thrombus but no vasculitis nor organisms on Gram stain or final culture. Discussion: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a hypercoagulable state which often occurs secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The diagnostic criteria for APS require the presence of at least one clinical and one laboratory criterion. Clinical criteria include vascular thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity and laboratory criteria include the presence of lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin, or anti-β2-glycoprotein. APS also predisposes to the development of sterile thrombotic Libman-Sacks endocarditis, which most commonly affects the mitral valve. Seronegative APS (SN-APS) is diagnosed when clinical criteria are met but serologic testing is negative. Testing must be performed outside the contexts of acute thrombosis and treatment with anticoagulation, as these conditions can cause a transient loss or consumption of antiphospholipid antibodies. This patient\u27s case was unusual for several reasons. His Libman-Sacks endocarditis was located on the tricuspid valve, a rare presentation. Moreover, his toe ischemia was the result of an arterial thrombus rather than embolism or ischemia from graft stenosis. Given his extensive history of hypercoagulability in the setting of known SLE, thrombosis secondary to SN-APS was the unifying diagnosis. Conclusions: APS is a hypercoagulable state associated with SLE. It confers increased risk of developing Libman-Sacks endocarditis as well as peripheral thrombotic events which may mimic other clinical entities such as limb ischemia or embolism. It is a clinically important diagnosis to consider in patients with clinical manifestations of the syndrome but persistently negative serology