Combining machine learning and human judgment in author disambiguation

ABSTRACT Author disambiguation in digital libraries becomes increasingly difficult as the number of publications and consequently the number of ambiguous author names keep growing. The fully automatic author disambiguation approach could not give satisfactory results due to the lack of signals in many cases. Furthermore, human judgment on the basis of automatic algorithms is also not suitable because the automatically disambiguated results are often mixed and not understandable for humans. In this paper, we propose a Labeling Oriented Author Disambiguation approach, called LOAD, to combine machine learning and human judgment together in author disambiguation. LOAD exploits a framework which consists of high precision clustering, high recall clustering, and top dissimilar clusters selection and ranking. In the framework, supervised learning algorithms are used to train the similarity functions between publications and a clustering algorithm is further applied to generate clusters. To validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed LOAD approach, comprehensive experiments are conducted. Comparing to conventional author disambiguation algorithms, the LOAD yields much more accurate results to assist human labeling. Further experiments show that the LOAD approach can save labeling time dramatically

Tumor Tissue Detection using Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent Functional MRI based on Independent Component Analysis

Accurate delineation of gliomas from the surrounding normal brain areas helps maximize tumor resection and improves outcome. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) has been routinely adopted for presurgical mapping of the surrounding functional areas. For completely utilizing such imaging data, here we show the feasibility of using presurgical fMRI for tumor delineation. In particular, we introduce a novel method dedicated to tumor detection based on independent component analysis (ICA) of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) with automatic tumor component identification. Multi-center rs-fMRI data of 32 glioma patients from three centers, plus the additional proof-of-concept data of 28 patients from the fourth center with non-brain musculoskeletal tumors, are fed into individual ICA with different total number of components (TNCs). The best-fitted tumor-related components derived from the optimized TNCs setting are automatically determined based on a new template-matching algorithm. The success rates are 100%, 100% and 93.75% for glioma tissue detection for the three centers, respectively, and 85.19% for musculoskeletal tumor detection. We propose that the high success rate could come from the previously overlooked ability of BOLD rs-fMRI in characterizing the abnormal vascularization, vasomotion and perfusion caused by tumors. Our findings suggest an additional usage of the rs-fMRI for comprehensive presurgical assessment

Insight-HXMT observations of Swift J0243.6+6124 during its 2017-2018 outburst

The recently discovered neutron star transient Swift J0243.6+6124 has been monitored by {\it the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope} ({\it Insight-\rm HXMT). Based on the obtained data, we investigate the broadband spectrum of the source throughout the outburst. We estimate the broadband flux of the source and search for possible cyclotron line in the broadband spectrum. No evidence of line-like features is, however, found up to $\rm 150~keV$. In the absence of any cyclotron line in its energy spectrum, we estimate the magnetic field of the source based on the observed spin evolution of the neutron star by applying two accretion torque models. In both cases, we get consistent results with $B\rm \sim 10^{13}~G$, $D\rm \sim 6~kpc$ and peak luminosity of $\rm >10^{39}~erg~s^{-1}$ which makes the source the first Galactic ultraluminous X-ray source hosting a neutron star.Comment: publishe

Overview to the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) Satellite

As China's first X-ray astronomical satellite, the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT), which was dubbed as Insight-HXMT after the launch on June 15, 2017, is a wide-band (1-250 keV) slat-collimator-based X-ray astronomy satellite with the capability of all-sky monitoring in 0.2-3 MeV. It was designed to perform pointing, scanning and gamma-ray burst (GRB) observations and, based on the Direct Demodulation Method (DDM), the image of the scanned sky region can be reconstructed. Here we give an overview of the mission and its progresses, including payload, core sciences, ground calibration/facility, ground segment, data archive, software, in-orbit performance, calibration, background model, observations and some preliminary results.Comment: 29 pages, 40 figures, 6 tables, to appear in Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1910.0443

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Nano Res.

Noble metal nanoparticles with hollow interiors and customizable shell compositions have immense potential for a wide variety of applications. Herein, we present a facile, general, and cost-effective strategy for the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles with hollow structures, which is based on the inside-out diffusion of Ag in solid-state core-shell nanoparticles. This approach starts with the preparation of core-shell nanoparticles with Ag residing in the core region, which are then loaded on a solid substrate and aged in air to allow the inside-out diffusion of Ag from the core region, leading to the formation of monometallic or alloy noble metal nanoparticles with a hollow interior. The synthesis was carried out at room temperature and could be achieved on different solid substrates. In particular, the inside-out diffusion of Ag calls for specific concern with respect to the evaluation of the catalytic performance of the Ag-based core-shell nanoparticles since it may potentially interfere with the physical and chemical properties of the core-shell particles. Noble metal nanoparticles with hollow interiors and customizable shell compositions have immense potential for a wide variety of applications. Herein, we present a facile, general, and cost-effective strategy for the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles with hollow structures, which is based on the inside-out diffusion of Ag in solid-state core-shell nanoparticles. This approach starts with the preparation of core-shell nanoparticles with Ag residing in the core region, which are then loaded on a solid substrate and aged in air to allow the inside-out diffusion of Ag from the core region, leading to the formation of monometallic or alloy noble metal nanoparticles with a hollow interior. The synthesis was carried out at room temperature and could be achieved on different solid substrates. In particular, the inside-out diffusion of Ag calls for specific concern with respect to the evaluation of the catalytic performance of the Ag-based core-shell nanoparticles since it may potentially interfere with the physical and chemical properties of the core-shell particles.</p

Nanoscale noble metals with a hollow interior formed through inside-out diffusion of silver in solid-state core– shell nanoparticles

Noble metal nanoparticles with hollow interiors and customizable shell compositions have immense potential for a wide variety of applications. Herein, we present a facile, general, and cost-effective strategy for the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles with hollow structures, which is based on the inside-out diffusion of Ag in solid-state core-shell nanoparticles. This approach starts with the preparation of core-shell nanoparticles with Ag residing in the core region, which are then loaded on a solid substrate and aged in air to allow the inside-out diffusion of Ag from the core region, leading to the formation of monometallic or alloy noble metal nanoparticles with a hollow interior. The synthesis was carried out at room temperature and could be achieved on different solid substrates. In particular, the inside-out diffusion of Ag calls for specific concern with respect to the evaluation of the catalytic performance of the Ag-based core-shell nanoparticles since it may potentially interfere with the physical and chemical properties of the core-shell particles

Emission Characteristics of NOx and SO2 during the Combustion of Antibiotic Mycelial Residue

The antibiotic mycelial residue (AMR) generated from cephalosporin C production is a hazardous organic waste, which is usually disposed of by landfilling that causes potential secondary environmental pollution. AMR combustion can be an effective method to treat AMR. In order to develop clean combustion technologies for safe disposal and energy recovery from various AMRs, the emission characteristics of NOx and SO2 from AMR combustion were studied experimentally in this work. It was found that the fuel-N is constituted by 85% protein nitrogen and 15% inorganic nitrogen, and the fuel-S by 78% inorganic sulfur and 22% organic sulfur. Nitrogen oxide emissions mainly occur at the volatile combustion stage when the temperature rises to 400 degrees C, while the primary sulfur oxide emission appears at the char combustion stage above 400 degrees C. Increasing the combustion temperature and airflow cause higher NOx emissions. High moisture content in AMR can significantly reduce the NOx emission by lowering the combustion temperature and generating more reducing gases such as CO. For the SO2 emission, the combustion temperature (700 to 900 degrees C), airflow and AMR water content do not seem to exhibit obvious effects. The presence of CaO significantly inhibits SO2 emission, especially for the SO2 produced during the AMR char combustion because of the good control effect on the direct emission of inorganic SO2. Employing air/fuel staging technologies in combination with in-situ desulfurization by calcium oxide/salts added in the combustor with operation temperatures lower than 900 degrees C should be a potential technology for the clean disposal of AMRs

3-cyano-5-fluorobenzenzboronic acid as an electrolyte additive for enhancing the cycling stability of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 cathode at high voltage

Layered lithium/manganese-rich oxides (LMR) receive much attention due to its high specific capacity (similar to 300 mAh g(-1)). However, the serious capacity degradation during cycling hinders the commercial application of the LMR. Herein, 3-cyano-5-fluorophenylboronic acid (CFBA) was applied as an electrolyte additive for enhancing the cycling stability of LMR at high voltage. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), density function theory (DFT) calculations and the initial charge dQ/dV profiles indicate that the preferential oxidation of CFBA can improve the oxidative stability of electrolyte. By adding 0.7 wt% CFBA into standard (STD) electrolyte (1 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC:DMC = 1:1:1, by weight), the LMR/Li half-cell delivered a discharge capacity of 245 mAh g(-1) with a capacity retention of 88.4% after 200 cycles at 0.5C, while only 68 mAh g(-1) with 25.2% retention in STD electrolyte. Further characterizations and theoretical calculation illustrate that CFBA can effectively eliminate the harmful HF, which improve the electrochemical performance. More importantly, the CFBA participates in the formation of a thin and uniform protective cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) film on the surface of LMR, which effectively suppresses electrolyte decomposition and protects the structural integrity of LMR. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved