L'attività motoria acquatica come nuovo approccio terapico alla cardio-diabetologia

The role of general physical activity on improving cardiometabolic profile and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes is widely demonstrated. However, little is known about the effects of specific water exercise program in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aims of this pilot study were to evaluated the effects of a supervised water training program in subjects affected by type 2 diabetes. Methods: eighteen men affected by type 2 diabetes (51,4±9,38 years), were enrolled in a program of 12 weeks of supervised water training. We assess Cardiometabolic Profile (echocardiography, glycemic, lipidemic and anthropometric profille, blood pressure levels and cardiopulmonary exercise test), and Quality of Life and Physical Activity Levels (Short-form Health Survey 36 with items (SF-36), Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire (PAID) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)) before and after 12-weeks of a supervised water exercise program. Results: The results showed a significant improvement of cardiovascular and metabolic assessments (aerobic capacity, work, blood pressure, glycemic, anthropometric and lipidemic profile, and diastolic function) and an increasing in quality of life and physical activity levels (Sf-36, PAID, energy expenditure in general physical activity). Discussion: Our findings showed that structured and supervised physical activity performed in water, produced benefits both in improving of the cardiometabolic profile and the HRQoL and also in increasing of the physical activity levels in subjects affected by type 2 diabetes

Conventional exercise interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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L'attività motoria acquatica come nuovo approccio terapico alla cardio-diabetologia

The role of general physical activity on improving cardiometabolic profile and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes is widely demonstrated. However, little is known about the effects of specific water exercise program in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the aims of this pilot study were to evaluated the effects of a supervised water training program in subjects affected by type 2 diabetes. Methods: eighteen men affected by type 2 diabetes (51,4±9,38 years), were enrolled in a program of 12 weeks of supervised water training. We assess Cardiometabolic Profile (echocardiography, glycemic, lipidemic and anthropometric profille, blood pressure levels and cardiopulmonary exercise test), and Quality of Life and Physical Activity Levels (Short-form Health Survey 36 with items (SF-36), Problem Areas in Diabetes Questionnaire (PAID) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)) before and after 12-weeks of a supervised water exercise program. Results: The results showed a significant improvement of cardiovascular and metabolic assessments (aerobic capacity, work, blood pressure, glycemic, anthropometric and lipidemic profile, and diastolic function) and an increasing in quality of life and physical activity levels (Sf-36, PAID, energy expenditure in general physical activity). Discussion: Our findings showed that structured and supervised physical activity performed in water, produced benefits both in improving of the cardiometabolic profile and the HRQoL and also in increasing of the physical activity levels in subjects affected by type 2 diabetes

Perspectives in measuring the PPN parameters beta and gamma in the Earth's gravitational fields with the CHAMP/GRACE models

The current bounds on the PPN parameters gamma and beta are of the order of 10^-4-10^-5. Various missions aimed at improving such limits by several orders of magnitude have more or less recently been proposed like LATOR, ASTROD, BepiColombo and GAIA. They involve the use of various spacecraft, to be launched along interplanetary trajectories, for measuring the effects of the solar gravity on the propagation of electromagnetic waves. In this paper we investigate what is needed to measure the combination nu=(2+2gamma-beta)/3 of the post-Newtonian gravitoelectric Einstein perigee precession of a test particle to an accuracy of about 10^-5 with a pair of drag-free spacecraft in the Earth's gravitational field. It turns out that the latest gravity models from the dedicated CHAMP and GRACE missions would allow to reduce the systematic error of gravitational origin just to this demanding level of accuracy. In regard to the non-gravitational errors, the spectral noise density of the drag-free sensors required to reach such level of accuracy would amounts to 10^-8-10^-9 cm s^-2 Hz^-1/2 over very low frequencies. Although not yet obtainable with the present technologies, such level of compensation is much less demanding than those required for, e.g., LISA. As a by-product, an independent measurement of the post-Newtonian gravitomagnetic Lense-Thirring effect with a 0.9% accuracy would be possible as well. The forthcoming Earth gravity models from CHAMP and GRACE will further reduce the systematic gravitational errors in both of such tests.Comment: LaTex2e, 14 pages, 3 tables, no figures, 75 references. To appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

LARES/WEBER-SAT and the equivalence principle

It has often been claimed that the proposed Earth artificial satellite LARES/WEBER-SAT-whose primary goal is, in fact, the measurement of the general relativistic Lense-Thirring effect at a some percent level-would allow to greatly improve, among (many) other things, the present-day (10^-13) level of accuracy in testing the equivalence principle as well. Recent claims point towards even two orders of magnitude better, i.e. 10^-15. In this note we show that such a goal is, in fact, unattainable by many orders of magnitude being, instead, the achievable level of the order of 10^-9.Comment: LaTex, 4 pages, no figures, no tables, 26 references. Proofs corrections included. To appear in EPL (Europhysics Letters

On the use of Ajisai and Jason-1 satellites for tests of General Relativity

Here we analyze in detail some aspects of the proposed use of Ajisai and Jason-1, together with the LAGEOS satellites, to measure the general relativistic Lense-Thirring effect in the gravitational field of the Earth. A linear combination of the nodes of such satellites is the proposed observable. The systematic error due to the mismodelling in the uncancelled even zonal harmonics would be \sim 1% according to the latest present-day CHAMP/GRACE-based Earth gravity models. In regard to the non-gravitational perturbations especially affecting Jason-1, only relatively high-frequency harmonic perturbations should occur: neither semisecular nor secular bias of non-gravitational origin should affect the proposed combination: their maximum impact is evaluated to \sim 4% over 2 years. Our estimation of the root-sum-square total error is about 4-5% over at least 3 years of data analysis required to average out the uncancelled tidal perturbations.Comment: Latex, 24 pages, 5 tables, 1 figure. Two references added, minor modifications. To appear in New Astronom

Gravitomagnetism and the Earth-Mercury range

We numerically work out the impact of the general relativistic Lense-Thirring effect on the Earth-Mercury range caused by the gravitomagnetic field of the rotating Sun. The peak-to peak nominal amplitude of the resulting time-varying signal amounts to 1.75 10^1 m over a temporal interval 2 yr. Future interplanetary laser ranging facilities should reach a cm-level in ranging to Mercury over comparable timescales; for example, the BepiColombo mission, to be launched in 2014, should reach a 4.5 - 10 cm level over 1 - 8 yr. We looked also at other Newtonian (solar quadrupole mass moment, ring of the minor asteroids, Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, Trans-Neptunian Objects) and post-Newtonian (gravitoelectric Schwarzschild solar field) dynamical effects on the Earth-Mercury range. They act as sources of systematic errors for the Lense-Thirring signal which, in turn, if not properly modeled, may bias the recovery of some key parameters of such other dynamical features of motion. Their nominal peak-to-peak amplitudes are as large as 4 10^5 m (Schwarzschild), 3 10^2 m (Sun's quadrupole), 8 10^1 m (Ceres, Pallas, Vesta), 4 m (ring of minor asteroids), 8 10^-1 m (Trans-Neptunian Objects). Their temporal patterns are different with respect to that of the gravitomagnetic signal.Comment: LaTex2e, 19 pages, 2 tables, 6 figures. Small typo in pag. 1406 of the published version fixe