69 research outputs found
Robot Wars: US Empire and geopolitics in the robotic age
How will the robot age transform warfare? What geopolitical futures are being imagined by the US military? This article constructs a robotic futurology to examine these crucial questions. Its central concern is how robots – driven by leaps in artificial intelligence and swarming – are rewiring the spaces and logics of US empire, warfare, and geopolitics. The article begins by building a more-than-human geopolitics to de-center the role of humans in conflict and foreground a worldly understanding of robots. The article then analyzes the idea of US empire, before speculating upon how and why robots are materializing new forms of proxy war. A three-part examination of the shifting spaces of US empire then follows: (1) Swarm Wars explores the implications of miniaturized drone swarming; (2) Roboworld investigates how robots are changing US military basing strategy and producing new topological spaces of violence; and (3) The Autogenic Battle-Site reveals how autonomous robots will produce emergent, technologically event-ful sites of security and violence – revolutionizing the battlespace. The conclusion reflects on the rise of a robotic US empire and its consequences for democracy
Novel salinity tolerance loci in chickpea identified in glasshouse and field environments
A better understanding of the genetics of salinity tolerance in chickpea would enable breeding of salt tolerant varieties, offering potential to expand chickpea production to marginal, salinity-affected areas. A Recombinant Inbred Line population was developed using accelerated-Single Seed Descent of progeny from a cross between two chickpea varieties, Rupali (salt-sensitive) and Genesis836 (salt-tolerant). The population was screened for salinity tolerance using high-throughput image-based phenotyping in the glasshouse, in hydroponics, and across 2 years of field trials at Merredin, Western Australia. A genetic map was constructed from 628 unique in-silico DArT and SNP markers, spanning 963.5 cM. Markers linked to two flowering loci identified on linkage groups CaLG03 and CaLG05 were used as cofactors during genetic analysis to remove the confounding effects of flowering on salinity response. Forty-two QTL were linked to growth rate, yield, and yield component traits under both control and saline conditions, and leaf tissue ion accumulation under salt stress. Residuals from regressions fitting best linear unbiased predictions from saline conditions onto best linear unbiased predictions from control conditions provided a measure of salinity tolerance per se, independent of yield potential. Six QTL on CaLG04, CaLG05, and CaLG06 were associated with tolerance per se. In total, 21 QTL mapped to two distinct regions on CaLG04. The first distinct region controlled the number of filled pods, leaf necrosis, seed number, and seed yield specifically under salinity, and co-located with four QTL linked to salt tolerance per se. The second distinct region controlled 100-seed weight and growth-related traits, independent of salinity treatment. Positional cloning of the salinity tolerance-specific loci on CaLG04, CaLG05, and CaLG06 will improve our understanding of the key determinants of salinity tolerance in chickpea.Judith Atieno, Timothy D. Colmer, Julian Taylor, Yongle Li, John Quealy, Lukasz Kotula ... et al
Salt-induced changes in antioxidative enzyme activities in root tissues do not account for the differential salt tolerance of two cowpea cultivars
Crop Updates - 2003 Pulses
This session covers fifty one papers from different authors
2002 PULSE INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS
CONTRIBUTORS
BACKGROUND
2002 REGIONAL ROUNDUP
1.Northern Agricultural Region, M. Harries, Department of Agriculture
2.Central agricultural Region, R. French and I. Pritchard, Department of Agriculture
3.Great Southern and Lakes, R. Beermier, N. Poulish and S. White, Department of Agriculture
4.Esperance Mallee, M. Seymour, Department of Agriculture
PULSE PRODUCTION ECONOMY AND GENETIC IMPROVEMENT
5.Faba Bean, P. White, Department of Agriculture
6.Germplasm evaluation, P. White, T. Pope, M. Harries and M. Seymour, Department of Agriculture
7.Row spacing and sowing rate, M. Seymour, Department of Agriculture
8.Tolerance to post emergent herbicides, M. Seymour, M. Harries, R. Beermier, M. Blyth and L. Young, Department of Agriculture
9.Investigation of environmental staining and storage discolouration, N. Abbas1,2, J. Plummer1, P. White3, D. Harris4 and K. Siddique1,2, 1Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia, 3Department of Agriculture, 4Chemistry Centre of Western Australia.
Desi chickpea
10.Breeding highlights, T. Khan1,2 and K. Siddique2 1Department of Agriculture, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia
11. Variety evaluation, T. Khan and K. Regan, Department of Agriculture
12. Residual effect of chickpea row spacing and sowing rate on wheat yield, G. Riethmuller and B. MacLeod, Department of Agriculture
13. Genotype x environmental interaction studies to help explain adaptation, J. Berger1, N. Turner1,2, K. Siddique1, 1CLIMA, The University of Western Australia, 2CSIRO Plant Industry
14. Genetic characterisation of wild relatives, F. Shan and H. Clarke, CLIMA, The University of Western Australia
15. Tolerance to chilling at flowering, H. Clarke, CLIMA, The University of Western Australia
16. Kabuli chickpea, K. Regan, Department of Agriculture
17. Premium quality varieties for the Ord River Irrigation Area, K. Siddique1, K. Regan2 and P. Smith2 1CLIMA, The University of Western Australia, 2Department of Agriculture
18. Development of aschochyta resistant varieties for Australia, K. Siddique1, K. Regan2 and M. Baker2 1CLIMA, University of Western Australia, 2Department of Agriculture
Field pea
19. Breeding highlights, T. Khan and B. French, Department of Agriculture
20. Variety evaluation, T. Khan, Department of Agriculture
21. Specialty types for the high rainfall regions, P. White and T. Khan, Department of Agriculture
22. Are new varieties more sensitive to delayed sowing than Dundale? R. French, M. Seymour and R. Beermier, Department of Agriculture
23. Does the size of sown seed affect seed size and yield at harvest? R. Beermier and N. Poulish, Department of Agriculture
24. Tolerance to post emergent herbicides, H. Dhammu, T. Piper and D. Nicholson, Department of Agriculture
25. Lentil, K. Regan, Department of Agriculture
26. Variety evaluation, K. Regan and M. Harries, Department of Agriculture
27. Interstate evaluation of advanced breeding lines, K. Regan1 and M. Materne2 1Department of Agriculture, 2Victorian Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Agriculture Victoria
28. Timing of harvest for the best seed yield, M. Harries and M. Blyth, Department of Agriculture
29. Tolerance to post emergent herbicides, M. Harries and D. Nicholson, Department of Agriculture, H. Dhammu, T. Piper and L. Young, Department of Agriculture
30. Row spacing and stubble, G. Riethmuller, Department of Agriculture
Pulse species
31. High value pulses for the high rainfall areas, N. Poulish1, P. White1,2 and K. Siddique1,2 , 1Department of Agriculture, 2CLIMA, The University of Western Australia
32. Alternative Rhizobium inoculant carrier technologies, J. Howieson and R. Yates, Centre for Rhizobium Studies (CRS), Murdoch University
33. Time of harvest to improve seed yield and quality of pulses, G. Riethmuller and R. French, Department of Agriculture
34. Phosphorus and zinc responses in pulses, S. Loss1, Z. Rengel2, B. Bowden3, M. Bolland3 and K. Siddique4 , 1Wesfarmers CSBP, 2Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, The University of Western Australia, 3Department of Agriculture, 4CLIMA, The University of Western Australia
35. Robust protocols for doubled haploid production in field pea and chickpea, J. Croser and K. Siddique, CLIMA, The University of Western Australia
DEMONSTRATION OF PULSES IN THE FARMING SYSTEM
36. Field pea and lentil on clayed sandplain, M. Seymour, Department of Agriculture
37. Field pea variety demonstration, M. Harries and M. Blyth, Department of Agriculture
38. The benefit of field peas compared to lupins, R. Beermier, Department of Agriculture
DISEASE AND PEST MANAGEMENT
39. Ascochyta blight of chickpea, B. MacLeod, Department of Agriculture
40. Management of chickpeas with improved ascochyta resistance, B. Macleod, A. Harrod, M. Harries and M. Blyth, Department of Agriculture
41. Chlorothalonil provides the most effective control, B. Macleod, A. Harrod, M. Harries and M. Blyth, Department of Agriculture
42. Importance of early sprays and value of seed dressing (post emergence), B. Macleod and A. Harrod, Department of Agriculture
43. A windborne stage of ascochyta blight in WA, J. Galloway and B. MacLeod, Department of Agriculture
Ascochyta disease of pulses
44. Geographic location effects ascochyta spore maturation on pulse stubble, J. Galloway and B. MacLeod, Department of Agriculture
Blackspot of field pea
45. Rapid recurrent selection to improve resistance to black spot, C. Beeck1, J. Wroth1, W. Cowling1 and T. Khan2, 1Plant Science, The University of Western Australia, 2Department of Agriculture
46. Survival of blackspot on old field pea stubble, J. Galloway and B. MacLeod, Department of Agriculture
47. Blackspot spores mature earlier in the southern regions, M. Salam, J. Galloway, A. Diggle and B. MacLeod, Department of Agriculture
Viruses in pulses
48. Early insecticide application suppresses spread of Beet Western Yellows virus in field pea, R. Jones, B. Coutts and L. Smith, Department of Agriculture, and CLIMA, The University of Western Australia
Insect pests and nematodes
49. Incorporation of pea weevil resistance from Pisum fulvum into field pea, O. Byrne1 and D. Hardie2, 1CLIMA, The University of Western Australia 2Department of Agriculture
50. Resistance to Helicoverpa in wild species of chickpea, J. Ridsdill-Smith1, H. Sharma2 and K. Mann1, 1CSIRO Entomology, Western Australia, 2 ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India
51. Relative hosting ability of field pea genotypes to root lesion nematode, S. Kelly, S. Sharma, H. Hunter and V. Vanstone, Department of Agriculture
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
APPENDIX I: Publications by Pulse Productivity Project Staff 2002
APPENDIX II: Summary of previous results
APPENDIX III: List of common acronym
Anther culture of Lupinus angustifolius: callus formation and the development of multicellular and embryo-like structures
Effects of salinity and drought on growth, ionic relations, compatible solutes and activation of antioxidant systems in oleander (Nerium oleander L.)
[EN] Nerium
oleander
is an
ornamental
species
of high
aesthetic
value,
grown
in arid
and
semi-
arid
regions
because
of its
drought
tolerance,
which
is also
considered
as
relatively
resistant
to salt;
yet
the
biochemical
and
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
oleander¿s
stress
toler-
ance
remain
largely
unknown.
To
investigate
these
mechanisms,
one-year-old
oleander
seedlings
were
exposed
to 15
and
30
days
of treatment
with
increasing
salt
concentratio
ns,
up
to 800
mM
NaCl,
and
to complete
withholding
of irrigation;
growth
parameters
and
bio-
chemical
markers
characteristic
of conserved
stress-response
pathways
were
then
deter-
mined
in stressed
and
control
plants.
Strong
water
deficit
and
salt
stress
both
caused
inhibition
of growth,
degradation
of photosynthetic
pigments,
a slight
(but
statistically
signifi-
cant)
increase
in the
leaf
levels
of specific
osmolytes,
and
induction
of oxidative
stress¿as
indicated
by
the
accumulation
of malondialdehyde
(MDA),
a reliable
oxidative
stress
marker
¿accompanied
by
increases
in the
levels
of total
phenolic
compounds
and
antioxidant
fla-
vonoids
and
in the
specific
activities
of ascorbate
peroxidase
(APX)
and
glutathione
reduc-
tase
(GR).
High
salinity,
in addition,
induced
accumulation
of Na
+
and
Cl
-
in roots
and
leaves
and
the
activation
of superoxide
dismutase
(SOD)
and
catalase
(CAT)
activities.
Apart
from
anatomical
adaptations
that
protect
oleander
from
leaf
dehydration
at moderate
levels
of
stress,
our
results
indicate
that
tolerance
of this
species
to salinity
and
water
deficit
is based
on
the
constitutive
accumulation
in leaves
of high
concentratio
ns
of soluble
carbohydrates
and,
to a lesser
extent,
of glycine
betaine,
and
in the
activation
of the
aforementioned
antiox-
idant
systems.
Moreover,
regarding
specifically
salt
stress,
mechanisms
efficiently
blocking
transport
of toxic
ions
from
the
roots
to the
aerial
parts
of the
plant
appear
to contribute
to a
large
extent
to tolerance
in
Nerium
oleanderThis work was financed by internal funds of the Polytechnic University of Valencia to Monica Boscaiu and Oscar Vicente. Dinesh Kumar’s stay in Valencia was financed by a NAMASTE fellowship from the European Union, and Mohamad Al Hassan was a recipient of an Erasmus Mundus pre-doctoral scholarship financed by the European Commission (Welcome Consortium).Kumar, D.; Al Hassan, M.; Naranjo Olivero, MA.; Agrawal, V.; Boscaiu, M.; Vicente, O. (2017). Effects of salinity and drought on growth, ionic relations, compatible solutes and activation of antioxidant systems in oleander (Nerium oleander L.). PLoS ONE. 12(9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185017Se018501712
Chickpea
The narrow genetic base of cultivated chickpea warrants systematic collection,
documentation and evaluation of chickpea germplasm and particularly wild
Cicer species for effective and efficient use in chickpea breeding programmes.
Limiting factors to crop production, possible solutions and ways to overcome
them, importance of wild relatives and barriers to alien gene introgression and
strategies to overcome them and traits for base broadening have been discussed.
It has been clearly demonstrated that resistance to major biotic and abiotic
stresses can be successfully introgressed from the primary gene pool
comprising progenitor species. However, many desirable traits including high
degree of resistance to multiple stresses that are present in the species
belonging to secondary and tertiary gene pools can also be introgressed by
using special techniques to overcome pre- and post-fertilization barriers.
Besides resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, the yield QTLs have
also been introgressed from wild Cicer species to cultivated varieties. Status
and importance of molecular markers, genome mapping and genomic tools
for chickpea improvement are elaborated. Because of major genes for various
biotic and abiotic stresses, the transfer of agronomically important traits into
elite cultivars has been made easy and practical through marker-assisted
selection and marker-assisted backcross. The usefulness of molecular markers
such as SSR and SNP for the construction of high-density genetic maps of
chickpea and for the identification of genes/QTLs for stress resistance, quality
and yield contributing traits has also been discussed
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