78 research outputs found
BTB domain mutations perturbing KCTD15 oligomerisation cause a distinctive frontonasal dysplasia syndrome
Introduction: KCTD15 encodes an oligomeric BTB domain protein reported to inhibit neural crest formation through repression of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling, as well as transactivation
by TFAP2. Heterozygous missense variants in the closely-related paralogue KCTD1 cause scalp-ear-nipple (SEN) syndrome.
Methods: Exome sequencing was performed on a 2-generation family affected by a
distinctive phenotype comprising a lipomatous frontonasal malformation, anosmia, cutis aplasia of the scalp and/or sparse hair, and congenital heart disease. Identification of a de novo missense substitution within KCTD15 led to targeted sequencing of DNA from a similarly affected sporadic patient, revealing a different missense mutation. Structural and biophysical analyses were performed to assess the effects of both amino acid substitutions on the KCTD15 protein.
Results: A heterozygous c.310G>C variant encoding p.(Asp104His) within the BTB domain of KCTD15 was identified in an affected father and daughter and segregated with the phenotype. In the sporadically affected patient, a de novo heterozygous c.263G>A variant encoding p.(Gly88Asp) was present in KCTD15. Both substitutions were found to perturb the pentameric assembly of the BTB domain. A crystal structure of the BTB domain variant p. (Gly88Asp) revealed a closed hexameric assembly, whereas biophysical analyses showed that the p.(Asp104His) substitution resulted in a monomeric BTB domain likely to be partially unfolded at physiological temperatures.
Conclusion: BTB domain substitutions in KCTD1 and KCTD15 cause clinically overlapping phenotypes involving craniofacial abnormalities and cutis aplasia. The structural analyses
demonstrate that missense substitutions act through a dominant negative mechanism by disrupting the higher order structure of the KCTD15 protein complex
Discovery of conformationally constrained ALK2 inhibitors
Despite decades of research on new diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) treatments, little or no progress has been made on improving patient outcomes. In this work, we explored novel scaffold modifications of M4K2009, a 3,5-diphenylpyridine ALK2 inhibitor previously reported by our group. Here we disclose the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a first-in-class set of 5- to 7-membered ether-linked and 7-membered amine-linked constrained inhibitors of ALK2. This rigidification strategy led us to the discovery of the ether-linked inhibitors M4K2308 and M4K2281 and the amine-linked inhibitors M4K2304 and M4K2306, each with superior potency against ALK2. Notably, M4K2304 and M4K2306 exhibit exceptional selectivity for ALK2 over ALK5, surpassing the reference compound. Preliminary studies on their in vivo pharmacokinetics, including blood-brain barrier penetration, revealed that these constrained scaffolds have favorable exposure and do open a novel chemical space for further optimization and future evaluation in orthotopic models of DIPG
De la bĂȘte au non-humain : perspectives et controverses autour de la condition animale
Ă la croisĂ©e de lâanthropologie, de lâhistoire, de la gĂ©ographie et de la sociologie, cet ouvrage donne Ă voir un panorama des relations entre lâanimal et lâhomme de lâĂ©poque mĂ©diĂ©vale Ă nos jours, en diffĂ©rents endroits du monde. TĂ©moins de lâĂ©volution des statuts et du mouvement des frontiĂšres ontologiques, les contributions explorent la question animale dans ses dimensions mythiques, symboliques, idĂ©ologiques, environnementales, sociales, morales et Ă©thiques. Le CongrĂšs national des sociĂ©tĂ©s historiques et scientifiques rassemble chaque annĂ©e universitaires, membres de sociĂ©tĂ©s savantes et jeunes chercheurs. Ce recueil est issu de travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s lors du 141e CongrĂšs sur le thĂšme « Lâanimal et lâhomme »
hNEIL1 and hOGG1, potential therapeutic targets in cancer : search, functional and structural characterization studies on inhibitors
LâADN de tout organisme est continuellement endommagĂ© par des agents physiques ou chimiques dâorigines endogĂšne ou exogĂšne. Les dommages de lâADN qui en rĂ©sultent peuvent ĂȘtre Ă lâorigine de lâapparition de mutations ou de mort cellulaire. Pour pallier Ă ces effets dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres, les organismes ont dĂ©veloppĂ© des systĂšmes de rĂ©paration de lâADN. Le systĂšme de rĂ©paration par excision de base (BER) est la voie majeure de rĂ©paration des bases endommagĂ©es et est initiĂ© par des ADN glycosylases telles que hOGG1 et hNEIL1. Ces enzymes reconnaissent spĂ©cifiquement les bases lĂ©sĂ©es et les Ă©liminent. Paradoxalement, les rĂ©parations initiĂ©es par ces protĂ©ines peuvent diminuer lâeffet thĂ©rapeutique de certains traitements, notamment anti-cancĂ©reux. En exploitant le principe de lĂ©talitĂ© synthĂ©tique, le ciblage thĂ©rapeutique de hOGG1 et hNEIL1 pourrait ĂȘtre pertinent pour lutter contre certains cancers, mais aussi contre des maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives (Huntington) ou des processus inflammatoires pathologiques. Au travers du criblage « moyen dĂ©bit » de banques de petites molĂ©cules naturelles ou synthĂ©tiques, mon travail de thĂšse a consistĂ© en lâidentification de nouveaux inhibiteurs sĂ©lectifs de hNEIL1 et hOGG1 et en la caractĂ©risation de leur mode dâaction par des Ă©tudes biochimiques et structurales. Si nous avons pu mettre en lumiĂšre des fonctions chimiques essentielles et quelques dĂ©terminants structuraux et fonctionnels relatifs Ă leurs modes dâaction, de nombreuses zones dâombre demeurent et mĂ©riterons dâĂȘtre explorĂ©s dans le futur. En revanche, lâutilisation dâun homologue archĂ©en de hOGG1, lâenzyme PabAGOG, a permis de proposer un modĂšle tridimensionnel cohĂ©rent dâun complexe hOGG1/inhibiteur pour lâun des meilleurs inhibiteurs que nous avons identifiĂ©s. Finalement, ces nouveaux composĂ©s comptent parmi les meilleurs inhibiteurs de hOGG1 et hNEIL1 identifiĂ©s Ă ce jour et certains dâentre eux devraient bĂ©nĂ©ficier dâune Ă©valuation in cellulo.DNA is continuously damaged by physical or chemical agents from endogenous or exogenous sources. These damages can induce mutation or cell death. To counteract these deleterious effects, organisms have developed DNA repair systems. The Base Excision Repair System (BER) is the major pathway to repair damaged bases. It is initiated by DNA Glycosylases such as hNEIL1 and hOGG1 which specifically recognize and remove oxidized bases. However, in some situation like conventional cancer treatment, the repairs initiated by these enzymes can lead to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, based on the synthetic lethality concept, selective inhibition of hNEIL1 and hOGG1 could be relevant in some pathologic contexts like cancer, but also against neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington) or pathological inflammatory processes. This thesis work aimed to identify new selective inhibitors of hNEIL1 and hOGG1 with a "medium throughput" screening of natural or synthetic small molecule libraries, and to characterize their mode of action through biochemical and structural studies. Although we identified some essentials chemicals functions and some leads to understand the action mode of our inhibitors, many areas remains unveiled and deserve to be explored in the future. However, the use of an archaeal homologue of hOGG1, the enzyme PabAGOG, has allowed us to propose a coherent three-dimensional model of an hOGG1/inhibitor complex for one of the best inhibitors we have identified. Finally, these new inhibitors are among the best inhibitors of hOGG1 and hNEIL1 identified to date and some of them will undergo in cellulo evaluation
OGG1 et NEIL1, de nouvelles cibles pour la lutte contre le cancer : recherche et caractĂ©risation fonctionnelle et structurale dâinhibiteurs
DNA is continuously damaged by physical or chemical agents from endogenous or exogenous sources. These damages can induce mutation or cell death. To counteract these deleterious effects, organisms have developed DNA repair systems. The Base Excision Repair System (BER) is the major pathway to repair damaged bases. It is initiated by DNA Glycosylases such as hNEIL1 and hOGG1 which specifically recognize and remove oxidized bases. However, in some situation like conventional cancer treatment, the repairs initiated by these enzymes can lead to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, based on the synthetic lethality concept, selective inhibition of hNEIL1 and hOGG1 could be relevant in some pathologic contexts like cancer, but also against neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington) or pathological inflammatory processes. This thesis work aimed to identify new selective inhibitors of hNEIL1 and hOGG1 with a "medium throughput" screening of natural or synthetic small molecule libraries, and to characterize their mode of action through biochemical and structural studies. Although we identified some essentials chemicals functions and some leads to understand the action mode of our inhibitors, many areas remains unveiled and deserve to be explored in the future. However, the use of an archaeal homologue of hOGG1, the enzyme PabAGOG, has allowed us to propose a coherent three-dimensional model of an hOGG1/inhibitor complex for one of the best inhibitors we have identified. Finally, these new inhibitors are among the best inhibitors of hOGG1 and hNEIL1 identified to date and some of them will undergo in cellulo evaluation.LâADN de tout organisme est continuellement endommagĂ© par des agents physiques ou chimiques dâorigines endogĂšne ou exogĂšne. Les dommages de lâADN qui en rĂ©sultent peuvent ĂȘtre Ă lâorigine de lâapparition de mutations ou de mort cellulaire. Pour pallier Ă ces effets dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres, les organismes ont dĂ©veloppĂ© des systĂšmes de rĂ©paration de lâADN. Le systĂšme de rĂ©paration par excision de base (BER) est la voie majeure de rĂ©paration des bases endommagĂ©es et est initiĂ© par des ADN glycosylases telles que hOGG1 et hNEIL1. Ces enzymes reconnaissent spĂ©cifiquement les bases lĂ©sĂ©es et les Ă©liminent. Paradoxalement, les rĂ©parations initiĂ©es par ces protĂ©ines peuvent diminuer lâeffet thĂ©rapeutique de certains traitements, notamment anti-cancĂ©reux. En exploitant le principe de lĂ©talitĂ© synthĂ©tique, le ciblage thĂ©rapeutique de hOGG1 et hNEIL1 pourrait ĂȘtre pertinent pour lutter contre certains cancers, mais aussi contre des maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives (Huntington) ou des processus inflammatoires pathologiques. Au travers du criblage « moyen dĂ©bit » de banques de petites molĂ©cules naturelles ou synthĂ©tiques, mon travail de thĂšse a consistĂ© en lâidentification de nouveaux inhibiteurs sĂ©lectifs de hNEIL1 et hOGG1 et en la caractĂ©risation de leur mode dâaction par des Ă©tudes biochimiques et structurales. Si nous avons pu mettre en lumiĂšre des fonctions chimiques essentielles et quelques dĂ©terminants structuraux et fonctionnels relatifs Ă leurs modes dâaction, de nombreuses zones dâombre demeurent et mĂ©riterons dâĂȘtre explorĂ©s dans le futur. En revanche, lâutilisation dâun homologue archĂ©en de hOGG1, lâenzyme PabAGOG, a permis de proposer un modĂšle tridimensionnel cohĂ©rent dâun complexe hOGG1/inhibiteur pour lâun des meilleurs inhibiteurs que nous avons identifiĂ©s. Finalement, ces nouveaux composĂ©s comptent parmi les meilleurs inhibiteurs de hOGG1 et hNEIL1 identifiĂ©s Ă ce jour et certains dâentre eux devraient bĂ©nĂ©ficier dâune Ă©valuation in cellulo
OGG1 et NEIL1, de nouvelles cibles pour la lutte contre le cancer : recherche et caractĂ©risation fonctionnelle et structurale dâinhibiteurs
DNA is continuously damaged by physical or chemical agents from endogenous or exogenous sources. These damages can induce mutation or cell death. To counteract these deleterious effects, organisms have developed DNA repair systems. The Base Excision Repair System (BER) is the major pathway to repair damaged bases. It is initiated by DNA Glycosylases such as hNEIL1 and hOGG1 which specifically recognize and remove oxidized bases. However, in some situation like conventional cancer treatment, the repairs initiated by these enzymes can lead to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, based on the synthetic lethality concept, selective inhibition of hNEIL1 and hOGG1 could be relevant in some pathologic contexts like cancer, but also against neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington) or pathological inflammatory processes. This thesis work aimed to identify new selective inhibitors of hNEIL1 and hOGG1 with a "medium throughput" screening of natural or synthetic small molecule libraries, and to characterize their mode of action through biochemical and structural studies. Although we identified some essentials chemicals functions and some leads to understand the action mode of our inhibitors, many areas remains unveiled and deserve to be explored in the future. However, the use of an archaeal homologue of hOGG1, the enzyme PabAGOG, has allowed us to propose a coherent three-dimensional model of an hOGG1/inhibitor complex for one of the best inhibitors we have identified. Finally, these new inhibitors are among the best inhibitors of hOGG1 and hNEIL1 identified to date and some of them will undergo in cellulo evaluation.LâADN de tout organisme est continuellement endommagĂ© par des agents physiques ou chimiques dâorigines endogĂšne ou exogĂšne. Les dommages de lâADN qui en rĂ©sultent peuvent ĂȘtre Ă lâorigine de lâapparition de mutations ou de mort cellulaire. Pour pallier Ă ces effets dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres, les organismes ont dĂ©veloppĂ© des systĂšmes de rĂ©paration de lâADN. Le systĂšme de rĂ©paration par excision de base (BER) est la voie majeure de rĂ©paration des bases endommagĂ©es et est initiĂ© par des ADN glycosylases telles que hOGG1 et hNEIL1. Ces enzymes reconnaissent spĂ©cifiquement les bases lĂ©sĂ©es et les Ă©liminent. Paradoxalement, les rĂ©parations initiĂ©es par ces protĂ©ines peuvent diminuer lâeffet thĂ©rapeutique de certains traitements, notamment anti-cancĂ©reux. En exploitant le principe de lĂ©talitĂ© synthĂ©tique, le ciblage thĂ©rapeutique de hOGG1 et hNEIL1 pourrait ĂȘtre pertinent pour lutter contre certains cancers, mais aussi contre des maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives (Huntington) ou des processus inflammatoires pathologiques. Au travers du criblage « moyen dĂ©bit » de banques de petites molĂ©cules naturelles ou synthĂ©tiques, mon travail de thĂšse a consistĂ© en lâidentification de nouveaux inhibiteurs sĂ©lectifs de hNEIL1 et hOGG1 et en la caractĂ©risation de leur mode dâaction par des Ă©tudes biochimiques et structurales. Si nous avons pu mettre en lumiĂšre des fonctions chimiques essentielles et quelques dĂ©terminants structuraux et fonctionnels relatifs Ă leurs modes dâaction, de nombreuses zones dâombre demeurent et mĂ©riterons dâĂȘtre explorĂ©s dans le futur. En revanche, lâutilisation dâun homologue archĂ©en de hOGG1, lâenzyme PabAGOG, a permis de proposer un modĂšle tridimensionnel cohĂ©rent dâun complexe hOGG1/inhibiteur pour lâun des meilleurs inhibiteurs que nous avons identifiĂ©s. Finalement, ces nouveaux composĂ©s comptent parmi les meilleurs inhibiteurs de hOGG1 et hNEIL1 identifiĂ©s Ă ce jour et certains dâentre eux devraient bĂ©nĂ©ficier dâune Ă©valuation in cellulo
L'exposition postcoloniale (formes et usages des musées et des zoos en Afrique de l'ouest (Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso))
Les musées et les zoos d Afrique de l Ouest apparaissent comme des nouveaux terrains pour la recherche ethnologique et invitent à articuler une anthropologie historique et une ethnographie de la mise en exposition (une ethnomuséologie). L étude conjointe de ces musées et de ces zoos permet en effet de questionner à la fois les transformations historiques (notamment postcoloniales) que la présentation d objets et d animaux vivants subit et les différents usages qui en sont faits. Ce sont ces usages qui donnent un sens et une fonction sociale à la mise en exposition. En donnant à lire les résultats d une recherche ethnographique approfondie, menée au Niger, au Mali et au Burkina Faso, il s agit également d expliquer comment les relations aux objets et aux animaux exposés dans les musées et les zoos de ces trois pays constituent avant tout des relations sociales. On verra ainsi que les usages rituels de la mise en exposition sont particuliÚrement fréquents en Afrique de l Ouest, et obligent à interroger d une maniÚre nouvelle cette forme relationnelle spécifique qu est l exposition postcoloniale.West African museums and zoos appear to be new fieldworks for anthropological research. They call for the articulation of an historical anthropology and an ethnographic analysis of exhibiting (an ethnomuseology). To study simultaneously such museums and zoos questions both the historical changes (including the postcolonial ones) that the display of objects and living animals is undergoing, and their various uses. It is precisely the ways in which objects and animals are use that give a meaning and a social function to the exhibition. This thorough ethnographic research (led in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso) also aims at understanding how the relations with the objects and the animals exhibited in the museums and the zoos are primarily of a social nature. Ritual uses of the exhibition are indeed particularly frequent in West Africa, and therefore force us to question in a new way this specific form of relations : the postcolonial exhibition.LYON2/BRON-BU (690292101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Utilisation des dérivés de l'ergot de seigle dans le traitement de la migraine (intéraction avec les macrolides)
MONTPELLIER-BU Pharmacie (341722105) / SudocSudocFranceF
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