Iluminação pública e sustentabilidade energética

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Port

Programa de reabilitação com biofeedback e funcionalidade: estudo piloto para identificar a influência do biofeedback na reabilitação funcional do paciente após o AVE

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaObjetivo: Analisar qual o momento em que a terapia combinada é mais eficaz, comparando com a terapia conservadora, de forma a promover um aumento da funcionalidade dos membros inferiores, de um paciente após o AVE. Metodologia: Neste estudo participaram 8 utentes, que sofreram um AVE nos últimos 3 meses, com uma média de idades 74,13 ± 10,26 e foram divididos em dois grupos de 4 elementos (Grupo A: Terapia conservadora e Grupo B: Terapia combinada). Aos participantes foram aplicadas duas escalas de avaliação: Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) e Avaliação de Fugl-Meyer (FM), juntamente com o aparelho de Physiosensing que nos indica a carga efetuada nos membros inferiores. Resultados: Através da análise dos resultados quando comparamos os dois grupos (A, B), encontramos diferenças estatisticamente significativas apenas nas variáveis: máximo de carga efectuada nos membros inferiores sobre a plataforma, no primeiro momento de avaliação. Conclusão: A combinação da reabilitação convencional com a estimulação do biofeedback visual parece proporcionar resultados significativamente melhores, uma vez que promove o aumento da funcionalidade.Objective: To analyze which time the combination therapy is more effective, comparing with conservative therapy, to promote an increase in the functionality of the lower limbs of a patient after stroke. Methodology: In this study we attended 8 users, who have suffered a stroke in the last 3 months with a mean age 74.13 ± 10.26 and were divided into two groups of 4 elements (Group A: Group B conservative therapy, and Combined Therapy). Participants were applied two scales of evaluation: Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FM), along with Physiosensing device which indicates the load carried in lower members. Results: The analysis of the results when comparing the two groups (A, B), we found statistically significant differences only in the variables: load maximum performed in lower limbs on the platform, at first evaluation. Conclusion: The combination of conventional rehabilitation with the stimulation of the visual biofeedback appears to provide significantly better results since it promotes increased functionality.N/

Dark Patterns, Enforcement, and the emerging Digital Design Acquis: Manipulation beneath the Interface

The term ‘dark patterns’ is commonly used to describe manipulative techniques implemented into the user interface of websites and apps that lead users to make choices or decisions that would not have otherwise been taken. Legal academic and policy work has focussed on establishing classifications, definitions of dark patterns, constitutive elements, and typologies of dark patterns across different fields. Regulators have responded to this issue with several enforcement decisions related to data protection and privacy violations and with rulings protecting consumers. Accordingly, this article analyses the appropriateness of regulatory oversight of designers and platforms that deploy dark patterns inside digital technologies. By further analysing design techniques, we conclude this type of deceptive design is inappropriately attributed to the user interface when some patterns are embedded in the system architecture. With this in mind, the article also analyses the emerging digital design acquis of the European Union. The Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act, the proposals for a new Data Act and AI Act, are critiqued for suitability of regulating deceptive design over the entirety of, what we coin, the deceptive design visibility spectrum

The role of forensic dentistry for identification of a criminal sexual assault: a casework report

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited."The identification of an individual from dental traces collected at the crime scene is one of the objectives of the criminal investigation. When, at the crime scene, objects are found with tooth marks, the intervention of Forensic Dentistry may represent the only way to obtain positive identification of the author’s bite mark. The forensic analysis of a bite mark consists of detection, recognition, description and comparison of bite marks on either individuals or inanimate objects. In this medico-legal casework, a sexual assault, the victim of the crime presented to the forensic examination had a mark on her left arm consistent with a bite mark, probably from the aggressor during the crime perpetration. The protocol followed in this medico-legal casework study is a scientific analysis of the facts which when presented in the court will be defendable under ruthless cross-examination. The pattern association of dental features in this sexual abuse case demonstrated a degree of concordance present between the tooth marks in the victim’s body and the suspect´s dentition.

Redress for dark patterns privacy harms?:A case study on consent interactions

nternet users are constantly subjected to incessant demands for attention in a noisy digital world. Countless inputs compete for the chance to be clicked, to be seen, and to be interacted with, and they can deploy tactics that take advantage of behavioral psychology to 'nudge' users into doing what they want. Some nudges are benign; others deceive, steer, or manipulate users, as the U.S. FTC Commissioner says, "into behavior that is profitable for an online service, but often harmful to [us] or contrary to [our] intent". These tactics are dark patterns, which are manipulative and deceptive interface designs used at-scale in more than ten percent of global shopping websites and more than ninety-five percent of the most popular apps in online services. Literature discusses several types of harms caused by dark patterns that includes harms of a material nature, such as financial harms, or anticompetitive issues, as well as harms of a non-material nature, such as privacy invasion, time loss, addiction, cognitive burdens, loss of autonomy, and emotional or psychological distress. Through a comprehensive literature review of this scholarship and case law analysis conducted by our interdisciplinary team of HCI and legal scholars, this paper investigates whether harms caused by such dark patterns could give rise to redress for individuals subject to dark pattern practices using consent interactions and the GDPR consent requirements as a case study

Clinical Validation of an Optical Surface Detection System for Stereotactic Radiosurgery with Frameless Immobilization Device in CNS Tumors

Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia Biomédica e Biofísica (Radiações em Diagnóstico e Terapia), 2022Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) has been consolidated in recent years as the treatment of choice in selected central nervous system (CNS) tumors. With the introduction of stereotactic approach in clinical practice, accurate immobilization and motion control during treatment becomes fundamental. During SRS treatments, the common practice is to immobilize CNS patients in a cushion molded head support, with specific open-face thermoplastic masks. To verify and correct internal isocenter uncertainties before and during treatment, X-Ray volumetric imaging (XVI) is performed - image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). An alternative to mid‐treatment imaging is optical surface detection (OSD) imaging – a non‐invasive, non‐radiographic form of image guidance – to monitor patient intra-fraction motion. This imaging technique has shown to properly position, accurately monitor, and quantify patient movements throughout the entirety of the treatment – surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT). The aim of this investigation is to test the viability of the implementation of a maskless immobilization approach, using only a vacuum mouthpiece suction system for head fixation in patients with CNS tumors who will undergo SRS treatment under the guidance of an OSD system coupled with 6-Degree of Freedom (6-DOF) robotic couch for submillimeter position correction. This master thesis addresses the five technical performance tests conducted on the Linear Accelerator components – XVI, HexaPOD couch and OSD system in the Radiotherapy Department of Hospital CUF Descobertas. The results obtained lecture the best acquisition orientation to perform image verification; if the HexaPOD couch is correctly calibrated to the XVI radiation isocenter to assure submillimeter corrections; OSD system performance regarding phantom surface detection since some immobilization components can block the signal reading; which coplanar and non-coplanar angles occur most signal inconsistencies due to camera pod occlusion; what is the overall OSD system accuracy and what is the best non-coplanar angle arrangement to perform an SRS treatment with OSD system monitoring

BETWEEN FOOTPRINTS: BALANCING ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND PRIVACY IN SMART TOURISM DESTINATIONS

Data lies at the core of all smart tourism activities as tourists engage in different and personalized touristic services whilst the pre/during/post traveling or in holidays. From these interactions, a digital data trail is seamlessly captured in a technology embedded environment, and then mined and harnessed in the context of STD - Smart Tourist Destinations to create enriched, high-value experiences, namely those related to eco-responsibility, as well as granting destinations with competitive advantages. At the same time, these technologies enable tourism destinations for an optimization of the use natural resources and energy, as well as for the preservation of natural spaces, in short, reducing the “ecological footprint” of tourism. However, this comes with a cost, an increased “data footprint”. Therefore, the perceived enjoyment of experiences must be considered within the legal framework of Privacy and Data Protection by exposing inherent risks, analysing the available answers given by the GDPR – the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union. Hence the purpose of this paper is i. to singularize the specificities of Smart Tourism Destinations; ii. to show how the principles of personal data protection, as set forth by the GDPR, are allocated within the STD realm; iii. and, finally, to derive potential legal implications of this ecosystem. Our approach is based on a legal analysis engaged in scholarship research. We have mostly denoted the underestimation of the legal implications of technology-enhanced tourism experiences, and the marginalization of both informed involvement and awareness by the individual in these processes. This study is novel in having undertaken an initial exploration of the legal implications of experiences taking place by STD.Los datos están en la base misma de todas las actividades turísticas inteligentes ya que los turistas se quedan inmersos en servicios distintos y personalizados antes/durante/después de los viajes o de las vacaciones.  De estas interacciones, un rastro es obtenido de un modo imperceptible a través de un medioambiente embutido en tecnología, el cual es a continuación extraído y almacenado en el contexto de los DTI - Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes para crear experiencias valiosas, señaladamente las relacionadas con la eco-responsabilidad, y bien así proporcionando ventajas competitivas a eses destinos. Asimismo, estas tecnologías permiten a los destinos turísticos una optimización del uso de los recursos naturales y de la energía, además de la preservación de los espacios naturales, en síntesis, reducen la “huella ecológica” del turismo. Sin embargo, esto tiene un coste, el incremento de la “huella de los datos”. Por ello, el disfrute apercibido de experiencias tendrá de ser tenido en cuenta en el marco normativo del RGPD – Reglamento General sobre Protección de Datos de la Unión Europea. Por ende, los objetivos de este artículo son los siguientes: i. identificar las especificidades de los Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes; ii. enseñar como los principios de la protección de datos, tal como están en el RGPD, son relevantes para los DTI; iii, en último lugar, evaluar las consecuencias jurídicas potenciales de este ecosistema. Nuestro enfoque se basa en un análisis jurídico de naturaleza académica. En especial, buscamos poner en evidencia como las implicaciones jurídicas de las experiencias turísticas reforzadas por las tecnologías han sido subestimadas, al igual que la participación informada y consciente de las personas en estos procesos. Este estudio es novedoso al haber emprendido una exploración inicial de las implicaciones jurídicas que resultan de experiencias que ocurren en los DTI.Os dados estão na base de todas as atividades turísticas inteligentes pois os turistas ficam envolvidos em serviços diferentes e personalizados antes/durante/depois das viagens ou das férias. Para estas interações, um rastro de dados é imperceptivelmente obtido por um meio ambiente embebido em tecnologia, sendo depois minerado e armazenado no contexto de Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes para criar experiências valiosas, designadamente relacionadas com a eco-responsabilidade, assim como facultando vantagens competitivas a tais destinos. Ao mesmo tempo, estas tecnologias permitem aos destinos turísticos uma otimização do uso de recursos naturais e da energia, assim como a preservação dos espaços naturais, em síntese, reduzindo a “pegada ecológica” do turismo. Porém, isto ocorre com um custo, o de uma “pegada de dados” acrescida. Consequentemente, a fruição apercebida de experiências tem de ser considerada no contexto normativo da Privacidade e da Proteção de Dados proteção de dados expondo os riscos potencias relacionados que lhe são inerentes, analisando as respostas das pelo RGPD - Regulamento Geral sobre Proteção de Dados da União Europeia. Assim, os objetivos do artigo são os seguintes: i. identificar as especificidades dos Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes; ii. mostrar como os princípios da proteção de dados, tal como constam do RGPD, são relevantes para os DTI; iii, finalmente, avaliar as consequências jurídicas potenciais deste ecossistema. A nossa perspectiva assenta numa análise jurídica de natureza académica. Sobretudo, procuramos mostrar como as implicações jurídicas das experiências turísticas reforçadas pelas tecnologias têm sido subestimadas, tal como o envolvimento informado e consciente das pessoas nestes processos. Este estudo é novo ao ter empreendido uma exploração inicial das implicações jurídicas que resultam das experiências que têm lugar nos DTI

Are cookie banners indeed compliant with the law? Deciphering EU legal requirements on consent and technical means to verify compliance of cookie banners

In this work, we analyze the legal requirements on how cookie banners are supposed to be implemented to be fully compliant with the e-Privacy Directive and the General Data Protection Regulation. Our contribution resides in the definition of seventeen operational and fine-grained requirements on cookie banner design that are legally compliant, and moreover, we define whether and when the verification of compliance of each requirement is technically feasible. The definition of requirements emerges from a joint interdisciplinary analysis composed of lawyers and computer scientists in the domain of web tracking technologies. As such, while some requirements are provided by explicitly codified legal sources, others result from the domain-expertise of computer scientists. In our work, we match each requirement against existing cookie banners design of websites. For each requirement, we exemplify with compliant and non-compliant cookie banners. As an outcome of a technical assessment, we verify per requirement if technical (with computer science tools) or manual (with any human operator) verification is needed to assess compliance of consent and we also show which requirements are impossible to verify with certainty in the current architecture of the Web. For example, we explain how the requirement for revocable consent could be implemented in practice: when consent is revoked, the publisher should delete the consent cookie and communicate the withdrawal to all third parties who have previously received consent. With this approach we aim to support practically-minded parties (compliance officers, regulators, researchers, and computer scientists) to assess compliance and detect violations in cookie banner design and implementation, specially under the current revision of the European Union e-Privacy framework.Comment: 75 page