Observation of Buried Phosphorus Dopants near Clean Si(100)-(2x1) with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

We have used scanning tunneling microscopy to identify individual phosphorus dopant atoms near the clean silicon (100)-(2x1) reconstructed surface. The charge-induced band bending signature associated with the dopants shows up as an enhancement in both filled and empty states and is consistent with the appearance of n-type dopants on compound semiconductor surfaces and passivated Si(100)-(2x1). We observe dopants at different depths and see a strong dependence of the signature on the magnitude of the sample voltage. Our results suggest that, on this clean surface, the antibonding surface state band acts as an extension of the bulk conduction band into the gap. The positively charged dimer vacancies that have been observed previously appear as depressions in the filled states, as opposed to enhancements, because they disrupt these surface bands.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. TeX for OSX from Wierde

A Pilot Trial of Social Media in a Technical Area

This paper reports on a project undertaken to trial social networking with Telecommunications students and staff from Swinburne University of Technology. Web 2:0 technologies including social networking sites can encourage informal conversation, dialogue, collaborative content generation, and knowledge sharing, giving students access to a wide range of ideas. A Ning was used with the intention of engaging students and staff in informal discussions relating to the Telecommunications industry in general, rather than course material directly. Although staff contributed enthusiastically and a large number of students enrolled, student participation was low. Follow-up surveys and informal discussions revealed reasons for the low student participation included the risk of appearing foolish in front of peers and teachers, and an intention to use the Ning in a passive manner by seeing what others are doing without necessarily contributing themselves. We conclude that social media in education may be useful but needs some incentive for it to be adopted by students

Imaging cervical cytology with scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) coupled with an IR-FEL

Cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women, especially in the developing world. Increased synthesis of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids is a pre-condition for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. We show that scanning near-field optical microscopy, in combination with an infrared free electron laser (SNOM-IR-FEL), is able to distinguish between normal and squamous low-grade and high-grade dyskaryosis, and between normal and mixed squamous/glandular pre-invasive and adenocarcinoma cervical lesions, at designated wavelengths associated with DNA, Amide I/II and lipids. These findings evidence the promise of the SNOM-IR-FEL technique in obtaining chemical information relevant to the detection of cervical cell abnormalities and cancer diagnosis at spatial resolutions below the diffraction limit (?0.2 \ensuremathμm). We compare these results with analyses following attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy; although this latter approach has been demonstrated to detect underlying cervical atypia missed by conventional cytology, it is limited by a spatial resolution of ~3 \ensuremathμm to 30 \ensuremathμm due to the optical diffraction limit

Collaborative digital and wide format printing : methods and considerations for the artist and master printer

This thesis investigates the collaborative production of fine art digital prints for artists,a process which is used by many contemporary practitioners including Richard Hamilton and Damien Hirst. Digital print as a fine art process has emerged over the last twenty years, and as yet, there is no in depth evidence on the collaborative endeavour and production process which is central to the digital Master Printer’s role. The investigation first establishes the historical context and significance of the Master and Printer in traditional printmaking, and the more recent development of the digital print studio and the digital print pioneers of the 1990s. A series of seven artists’ case studies in the context of the collaborative digital print studio are then offered to demonstrate the working process. The analysis of these proposes a best practice model for Master Printers working with contemporary artists to produce high quality, fine art, wide format inkjet digital prints. The study also compares production methods at the cutting-edge digital facility of the Rijksakademie in The Netherlands, to assess the validity of the practices proposed through a facility closest to the study’s research base at the CFPR’s digital studio. The comparative study also explored the expanding digital production process and the role of the Master Printer. Evolving production processes are also considered in this study as a response to the advancement of digital print technology alongside a practical exploration of what actually constitutes a digital print in this rapidly expanding field of fine art printmaking. This study aims to reveal the inner workings of the digital collaborative process between the artist and Master Printer, and appraise the digital Master Printer’s role. It offers a set of best practice methods for the digital Master Printer developed from this research. The study also considers how the digital print, and the digital print studio may evolve in line with current and future developments in new technologies.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Effects of robotic upper limb treatment after stroke on cognitive patterns: A systematic review

BACKGROUND: Robotic therapy (RT) has been internationally recognized for the motor rehabilitation of the upper limb. Although it seems that RT can stimulate and promote neuroplasticity, the effectiveness of robotics in restoring cognitive deficits has been considered only in a few recent studies. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether, in the current state of the literature, cognitive measures are used as inclusion or exclusion criteria and/or outcomes measures in robotic upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients. METHODS: The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies eligible were identified through PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science from inception to March 2021. RESULTS: Eighty-one studies were considered in this systematic review. Seventy-three studies have at least a cognitive inclusion or exclusion criteria, while only seven studies assessed cognitive outcomes. CONCLUSION: Despite the high presence of cognitive instruments used for inclusion/exclusion criteria their heterogeneity did not allow the identification of a guideline for the evaluation of patients in different stroke stages. Therefore, although the heterogeneity and the low percentage of studies that included cognitive outcomes, seemed that the latter were positively influenced by RT in post-stroke rehabilitation. Future larger RCTs are needed to outline which cognitive scales are most suitable and their cut-off, as well as what cognitive outcome measures to use in the various stages of post-stroke rehabilitation

Conceptual Design of a Soft X‐ray SASE‐FEL Source

FELs based on SASE are believed to be powerful tools to explore the frontiers of basic sciences, from physics to chemistry to biology. Intense R&D programs have started in the USA and Europe in order to understand the SASE physics and to prove the feasibility of these sources. The allocation of considerable resources in the Italian National Research Plan (PNR) brought about the formation of a CNR‐ENEA‐INFN‐University of Roma "Tor Vergata" study group. A conceptual design study has been developed and possible schemes for linac sources have been investigated, bringing to the SPARX proposal. We report in this paper the results of a preliminary start to end simulation concerning one option we are considering based on an S‐band normal conducting linac with high brightness photoinjector integrated in a RF compressor

Evaluation of a pentium PC for use as an ethernet bridge

This technical report describes the construction of an inexpensive Ethernet Bridge built from an obsolete Pentium PC (IBM PC 300GL Pentium 166MMX ) and Ethernet cards. The report outlines a simple procedure for estimating the latency of the bridge. Results are presented for the timestamping accuracy of the bridge, the average latency and FreeBSD ping characteristics. The bridge can be used as a traffic shaper by installing FreeBSD's dummynet module

A generalised prediction model of first person shooter game traffic

Modelling traffic generated by Internet-based multiplayer computer games has attracted a great deal of attention in the past few years. In part this has been driven by a need to simulate correctly the network impact of highly interactive online game genres such as the first person shooter (FPS). Packet size distributions and autocovariance models are important elements in the creation of realistic traffic generators for network simulators. In this paper we present techniques for creating representative models for N-player FPS games based on empirically measured traffic of 2-player games. The models capture the packet size distribution as well as the time series behaviour of game traffic. We illustrate the likely generality of our approach using data from seven FPS games that have been popular over the past nine years: Half-Life, Half-Life Counterstrike, Half-Life 2, Half-Life 2 Counterstrike, Quake 3 Arena, Quake 4 and Wolfenstein Enemy Territory