Effect of tillage and cover on runoff and soil losses in the central region of Buenos Aires province

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar a campo la efectividad de diferentes tipos de labranzas junto con distintos grados de cobertura vegetal (CV) del suelo sobre el escurrimiento (E) y la pérdida de suelo (Ps). Se seleccionaron 34 sitios experimentales bajo labranza tradicional (LT) y siembra directa (SD), con diferentes niveles de CV (C1- < 49, C2- 50-79% y C3- > 80%). Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con 4 tratamientos y desigual número de repeticiones: 1) SD-C3, 2) LT-C3, 3) LT-C2, y 4) LT-C1, resultante de combinar el tipo de labranza con CV. Se realizó un ANOVA (p ≤ 0,05) y un análisis de contrastes ortogonales: 1) SD-C3 vs LT-C3, 2) LT-C1 vs LT-C2, y 3) C3 vs LT-C2+C1. Al cabo de cada simulación de lluvia se obtuvo el E y Ps. Se determinó: contenido de materia orgánica (CMO), contenido hídrico (CH) y densidad aparente del suelo (DA) en los 10 cm superficiales, y la pendiente (P) del terreno. La LT presentó mayor E y Ps en todos tratamientos evaluados respecto de SD. El mayor E (26,8 mm) se registró en LT-C2, y el menor (0,5 mm) en SD-C3. La Ps mostró igual tendencia que el E con 11,6 y 0,1 g respectivamente. Los contrastes mostraron E estadísticamente diferentes para los tres contrastes, mientras la Ps fue estadísticamente diferente en los contrastes Nº 2 y 3. Escurrimiento y Ps se correlacionaron entre sí (R2 = 0,98) y con P (R2 = 0,83 y 0,72 respectivamente). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la importancia del efecto protector de la CV del suelo. Sin embargo, el CMO y CH, y la P y DA deben ser considerados también en el proceso de E - erosión del suelo.The objective of this work was evaluate on field the effectiveness of tillage and different grades of soil cover (CV) on runoff (E) and soil losses (Ps). Thirty four experimental sites on conventional tillage (LT) and no-till (SD) with CV levels (C1- < 49, C2- 50-79% y C3- > 80%) were selected. A randomized completely experimental design was used, with 4 treatments and unequal repetition numbers: 1) SD-C3, 2) LT-C3, 3) LT-C2, y 4) LT-C1, which resulted of combination of tillage and CV. An ANVA (p ≤ 0.05) and orthogonal contrast analysis were carried out: 1) SD-C3 vs LT-C3, 2) LT-C1 vs LT-C2, y 3) C3 vs LT-C2+C1. Runoff and Ps were obtained when each simulate event finished. Soil organic matter (CMO), water content (CH) and soil bulk density (DA) on 10 cm top soil, and land slope were determined. Runoff and Ps always were higher on CT than SD. LT-C2 had the highest R (26.8 mm) and SD-C3 had the smallest R (0.5 mm). Soil loss showed the same tend than E with 11.6 y 0.1 g respectively. The three orthogonal contrast show E statistically different and Ps was in the contrasts Nº 2 and 3. Runoff and Ps were correlated between the two of them (R2 = 0.98), and with P (R2 = 0.83 y 0.72 respectively). Results show the important protective effect of soil CV. However, CMO, CH, P y DA should be considered in the E - soil erosion process.Fil: Crespo, Roberto J.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Ares, Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Sfeir, Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de AgronomíaFil: Wingeyer, Ana B.. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture.Fil: Usunoff, Eduardo

Secado de forraje con el horno microondas: efecto sobre el an\ue1lisis de calidad

The objectives were to utilize a microwave oven (HM) to determine dry matter (MS) and evaluate its effect on dry matter (MS), organic matter content (MO), in vitro organic matter digestibility (DIVMO), brute protein (PB), acid detergent fiber (FDA), and acid-detergent insoluble nitrogen (NIDA). We utilized the forage species: Medicago sativa L., Trifolium repens L., Trifolium pratense L. and Thinopyrum ponticum Barkw. & D.R. Dewey, and mixtures of: M. sativa-Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb.-T.repens-D. glomerata, and Lolium perenne L.-T. repens. The experimental design was a factorial complete randomized block. We compared drying time (Ts) and quality parameters on stove method (T1), HM at 900 W (T2), and HM at 900 and 400 W (T3), by ANDEVA and Duncan Test (p 64 0,05). In T2 and T3, Ts ranged from 6 to 8 min (T. pratense and Th. ponticum, respectively), compared to 48 h for T1. The MS value did not show differences between treatments for M. sativa, T. pratense, M. sativa-D. glomerata, and L. perenne-T. repens, but there were differences for the other forages between T2 or T3 with T1, which could be explained by the forages phenological stage. Differences between treatments were found for FDA (T. repens), DIVMO and PB (Th. ponticum), and PB and MO (L. perenne-T. repens). The use of the microwave oven allows a quick and consistent MS determination, along with a reliable forage quality standard evaluation.Los objetivos de este experimento fueron utilizar el horno microondas (HM) para determinar materia seca (MS) y evaluar su efecto sobre el valor de materia org\ue1nica (MO), digestibilidad in vitro de la MO (DIVMO), prote\uedna bruta (PB), fibra detergente \ue1cido (FDA) y nitr\uf3geno insoluble en detergente \ue1cido (NIDA). Se utilizaron forrajes puros: Medicago sativa L., Trifolium repens L., Trifolium pratense L. y Thinopyrum ponticum Barkw. & Dewey, y en mezclas: M. sativa-Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb.-T. repens-D. glomerata, y Lolium perenne L.-T. repens. El dise\ue3o experimental usado fue bloques completamente aleatorizados con arreglo factorial de tratamientos. Se compar\uf3 el tiempo de secado (Ts) y los par\ue1metros de calidad entre: Estufa (T1), HM a 900 W (T2), y HM a 900 y 400 W (T3), mediante ANDEVA y Test de Duncan (p 64 0,05). Para T2 y T3, Ts vari\uf3 entre 6 a 8 min (T. pratense y Th. ponticum respectivamente), siendo en T1, 48 h. La MS no difiri\uf3 entre tratamientos para M. sativa, T. pratense, M. sativa-D. glomerata y L. perenne-T. repens, pero si en el resto de los forrajes entre T2 \uf3 T3 con T1; esto se podr\ueda asociar al estado fenol\uf3gico del material forrajero al momento del corte. Respecto a los par\ue1metros de calidad evaluados se observaron diferencias en FDA en T. repens, DIVMO y PB en Th. ponticum, y PB y MO en L. perenne-T. repens. El uso del HM permite obtener r\ue1pida y confiablemente la MS del forraje sin modificar sustancialmente sus par\ue1metros de calidad

Allocation of Advertisement Extensions & Formats

This document describes a process of optimizing the selection of a budget-constrained advertiser\u27s formats when allocating the budget of a budget-constrained advertiser. Such optimization is performed by selectively choosing which formats to allocate to this advertiser based on the advertiser\u27s budget. In particular, this document describes allocating formats to budget-constrained advertisers in advertising auctions to create value for the advertisers and an advertiser manager

Identification of dfrA14 in two distinct plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from pigs in England. METHODS: Clinical isolates collected between 1998 and 2011 were tested for resistance to trimethoprim and sulphonamide. The genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance was determined by shotgun WGS analysis and the subsequent isolation and sequencing of plasmids. RESULTS: A total of 16 (out of 106) A. pleuropneumoniae isolates were resistant to both trimethoprim (MIC >32 mg/L) and sulfisoxazole (MIC ≥256 mg/L), and a further 32 were resistant only to sulfisoxazole (MIC ≥256 mg/L). Genome sequence data for the trimethoprim-resistant isolates revealed the presence of the dfrA14 dihydrofolate reductase gene. The distribution of plasmid sequences in multiple contigs suggested the presence of two distinct dfrA14-containing plasmids in different isolates, which was confirmed by plasmid isolation and sequencing. Both plasmids encoded mobilization genes, the sulphonamide resistance gene sul2, as well as dfrA14 inserted into strA, a streptomycin-resistance-associated gene, although the gene order differed between the two plasmids. One of the plasmids further encoded the strB streptomycin-resistance-associated gene. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of mobilizable plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae and, to our knowledge, the first report of dfrA14 in any member of the Pasteurellaceae. The identification of dfrA14 conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae isolates will facilitate PCR screens for resistance to this important antimicrobial

Symmetry and random sampling of symmetry independent configurations for the simulation of disordered solids

A symmetry-adapted algorithm producing uniformly at random the set of symmetry independent configurations (SICs) in disordered crystalline systems or solid solutions is presented here. Starting from Pólya's formula, the role of the conjugacy classes of the symmetry group in uniform random sampling is shown. SICs can be obtained for all the possible compositions or for a chosen one, and symmetry constraints can be applied. The approach yields the multiplicity of the SICs and allows us to operate configurational statistics in the reduced space of the SICs. The present low-memory demanding implementation is briefly sketched. The probability of finding a given SIC or a subset of SICs is discussed as a function of the number of draws and their precise estimate is given. The method is illustrated by application to a binary series of carbonates and to the binary spinel solid solution Mg(Al,Fe)2O4

Symbolic dynamics to enhance diagnostic ability of portable oximetry from the Phone Oximeter in the detection of paediatric sleep apnoea

Objective: This study is aimed at assessing symbolic dynamics as a reliable technique to characterize complex fluctuations of portable oximetry in the context of automated detection of childhood obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). Approach: Nocturnal oximetry signals from 142 children with suspected OSAHS were acquired using the Phone Oximeter: a portable device that integrates a pulse oximeter with a smartphone. An apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) ⩾ 5 events h−1 from simultaneous in-lab polysomnography was used to confirm moderate-to-severe childhood OSAHS. Symbolic dynamics was used to parameterise non-linear changes in the overnight oximetry profile. Conventional indices, anthropometric measures, and time-domain linear statistics were also considered. Forward stepwise logistic regression was used to obtain an optimum feature subset. Logistic regression (LR) was used to identify children with moderate-to-severe OSAHS. Main results: The histogram of 3-symbol words from symbolic dynamics showed significant differences (p < 0.01) between children with AHI < 5 events h−1 and moderate-to-severe patients (AHI ⩾ 5 events h−1). Words representing increasing oximetry values after apnoeic events (re-saturations) showed relevant diagnostic information. Regarding the performance of individual characterization approaches, the LR model composed of features from symbolic dynamics alone reached a maximum performance of 78.4% accuracy (65.2% sensitivity; 86.8% specificity) and 0.83 area under the ROC curve (AUC). The classification performance improved combining all features. The optimum model from feature selection achieved 83.3% accuracy (73.5% sensitivity; 89.5% specificity) and 0.89 AUC, significantly (p <0.01) outperforming the other models. Significance: Symbolic dynamics provides complementary information to conventional oximetry analysis enabling reliable detection of moderate-to-severe paediatric OSAHS from portable oximetry

Peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) (PEGASYS®) plus ribavirin (COPEGUS®) in retreatment of chronic hepatitis C patients, nonresponders and relapsers to previous conventional interferon plus ribavirin therapy

Peginterferon alfa plus ribavirin is currently the treatment of choice for chronic hepatitis C. Peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin has given an overall sustained virological response of 18% in F3/F4 previous nonresponder US patients. We evaluated the effectiveness of peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin in Brazilian patients who were relapsers or nonresponders to previous interferon-based therapy. One-hundred-thirty-four patients with biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis C, HCV RNA positive, elevated ALT and who were either relapsers (n=37) or nonresponders (n=97) to at least 24 weeks of conventional interferon/ribavirin therapy were retreated with peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) 180mg/qw and ribavirin 800mg bid for 48 weeks. Efficacy was assessed as virological response (defined as undetectable HCV RNA) at the end of treatment (EoT) and at the end of follow-up (SVR - Sustained Virological Response). Safety assessments consisted of clinical and laboratory evaluations. In the patient sample, 72% were genotype 1 and 34% were cirrhotic. In an intention-to-treat analysis, relapser patients showed 78% EoT response and 51% SVR. Nonresponders showed 57% EoT response and 26% SVR. Positive predictive factors of SVR were non-1 genotype and relapser state. Six percent of the patients interrupted treatment because of adverse events and 45% had dose reduction (mainly associated with leucopenia and anemia). Brazilian patient relapsers and nonresponders to conventional interferon and ribavirin treatment can achieve a sustained virological response when retreated with peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) and ribavirin. The safety profile is similar to that of naive patients.Federal University of São PauloSanta Casa de Misericórdia Gastroenterology ServiceFederal University of ParáFederal University of Juiz de ForaSão Paulo University Medical School of Ribeirão PretoEmílio Ribas InstituteFederal University of Minas GeraisMedical School of São José do Rio PretoFederal University of AlagoasFederal University of Santa CatarinaFederal University of BahiaTropical Medicine FundationOswaldo Cruz HospitalFederal University of ParaíbaRocheUNIFESPSciEL

Draft Genome Sequences of the Type Strains of Actinobacillus indolicus (46K2C) and Actinobacillus porcinus (NM319), Two NAD-Dependent Bacterial Species Found in the Respiratory Tract of Pigs.

We report here the draft genome sequences of the type strains of Actinobacillus indolicus (46K2C) and Actinobacillus porcinus (NM319). These NAD-dependent bacterial species are frequently found in the upper respiratory tract of pigs and are occasionally associated with lung pathology

Psychophysiological condition in the performance of sanitary-military tasks with surgical mask

Using a quasi-experimental design with 19 health workers (33.7 ± 5.1 years), the importance of physical and cognitive condition and performance when wearing protective equipment with a surgical mask during training situations in significant contexts of military intervention has been analysed. Heart rate and its variability, glucose levels, thermoregulation, explosive strength and perceived effort in specific motor performance tasks (tapping test, tourniquet, ammunition), and cognitive and decisional performance (triage) were measured. The results indicate significant differences (p < 05) depending on the physical condition (blood glucose and explosive strength), gender (explosive strength and tourniquet), smoking habit (perceived effort) and specialty (glucose level) in the study group. In conclusion, the importance of physical and psychological training is highlighted to improve the operational response in health-military situations that require the use of a surgical maskSe ha analizado, mediante un diseño cuasi-experimental con 19 sanitarios (33.7 ± 5.1 años), la importancia de la condición física, cognitiva y el rendimiento al portar un equipo de protección con mascarilla quirúrgica durante situaciones de entrenamiento en contextos significativos de intervención militar. Se midieron la frecuencia cardíaca y su variabilidad, los niveles de glucosa, la termorregulación, la fuerza explosiva y el esfuerzo percibido en tareas de rendimiento motor específicas (tapping test, torniquete, municionamiento), y de rendimiento cognitivo y decisional (triaje). Los resultados indican diferencias significativas (p < 05) en función de la condición física (glucemia y fuerza explosiva), del género (fuerza explosiva y torniquete), del hábito tabáquico (esfuerzo percibido) y del cuerpo de pertenencia (nivel de glucemia) en el grupo de estudio. Como conclusión, se destaca la importancia del entrenamiento físico y psicológico para la mejora de la respuesta operativa en situaciones sanitario-militares que requieren el uso de mascarilla quirúrgic

Developing a new innovative methodology to integrate geophysical techniques into characterization of potential CO2 storage sites: Lopín structure (Southern Ebro basin, Spain)

Abstract:One of the main challenges facing geological storage is to identify cost-effective methodologicalworkflows for characterizing and monitoring geological storage sites. In the framework of the ALGECO2 pro-ject, led by the IGME (Geological and Mining Institute, Spain), a preliminary study of the Lopín site in the NEof Spain indicated conditions were promising for geological storage of CO2. However, the poor quality of thelegacy seismic reflection data precluded thorough characterization. Within the H2020 PilotSTRATEGY pro-ject, one of the possible selected target reservoirs was the Lopín structure. In order to characterize its geometryand physical properties as required to properly evaluate its storage potential, IGME applied a new emergingmethodology that integrates reinterpreted reflection seismic data with newly acquired and interpreted gravity,passive seismic and petrophysical data. This methodology was successfully applied along one seismic profile. Inthis paper, we present the results of this integration as thefirst step towards characterizing the site and evaluatingits suitability for storage.Funding for this research came from the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (European Climate,Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA), award 101022664