17,031 research outputs found
A Transactional Analysis of Interaction Free Measurements
The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics is applied to the
"interaction-free" measurement scenario of Elitzur and Vaidman and to the
Quantum Zeno Effect version of the measurement scenario by Kwiat, et al. It is
shown that the non-classical information provided by the measurement scheme is
supplied by the probing of the intervening object by incomplete offer and
confirmation waves that do not form complete transactions or lead to real
interactions.Comment: Accepted for publication in Foundations of Physics Letter
Describing and Understanding Neighborhood Characteristics through Online Social Media
Geotagged data can be used to describe regions in the world and discover
local themes. However, not all data produced within a region is necessarily
specifically descriptive of that area. To surface the content that is
characteristic for a region, we present the geographical hierarchy model (GHM),
a probabilistic model based on the assumption that data observed in a region is
a random mixture of content that pertains to different levels of a hierarchy.
We apply the GHM to a dataset of 8 million Flickr photos in order to
discriminate between content (i.e., tags) that specifically characterizes a
region (e.g., neighborhood) and content that characterizes surrounding areas or
more general themes. Knowledge of the discriminative and non-discriminative
terms used throughout the hierarchy enables us to quantify the uniqueness of a
given region and to compare similar but distant regions. Our evaluation
demonstrates that our model improves upon traditional Naive Bayes
classification by 47% and hierarchical TF-IDF by 27%. We further highlight the
differences and commonalities with human reasoning about what is locally
characteristic for a neighborhood, distilled from ten interviews and a survey
that covered themes such as time, events, and prior regional knowledgeComment: Accepted in WWW 2015, 2015, Florence, Ital
Predicting Rainfall in the Context of Rainfall Derivatives Using Genetic Programming
Rainfall is one of the most challenging variables to predict, as it exhibits very unique characteristics that do not exist in other time series data. Moreover, rainfall is a major component and is essential for applications that surround water resource planning. In particular, this paper is interested in the prediction of rainfall for rainfall derivatives. Currently in the rainfall derivatives literature, the process of predicting rainfall is dominated by statistical models, namely using a Markov-chain extended with rainfall prediction (MCRP). In this paper we outline a new methodology to be carried out by predicting rainfall with Genetic Programming (GP). This is the first time in the literature that GP is used within the context of rainfall derivatives. We have created a new tailored GP to this problem domain and we compare the performance of the GP and MCRP on 21 different data sets of cities across Europe and report the results. The goal is to see whether GP can outperform MCRP, which acts as a benchmark. Results indicate that in general GP significantly outperforms MCRP, which is the dominant approach in the literature
Fine needle aspiration cytology of hepatic metastases of neuroendocrine tumors: A 20âyear retrospective, single institutional study
Background
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is considered an excellent technique for documenting metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of FNA in diagnosing metastatic NETs to the liver and determining the grade and origin of these metastases.
Methods
Our laboratory information system was searched from 1997 to 2016 to identify all cases of metastatic NETs to the liver that were sampled by FNA. The cytopathology and surgical pathology reports as well as the patients' electronic medical records were reviewed. The cytohistologic type and grade of the metastatic NETs, as well as the site of the patient's primary were recorded.
Results
Highâgrade NETs, including small cell and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, constituted 62% (167/271) of the cases, while lowâgrade NETs, including well differentiated NET (grade1 and grade 2), pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and carcinoid tumors of lung, constituted 38% (104/271) of cases. The most common diagnosis was metastatic small cell carcinoma accounting for 45% (122/271) of cases. The most common primary sites were lung (44%; 119/271) followed by pancreas (19%; 51/271). The FNA diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 121 cases that had a concurrent biopsies or resection specimens.
Conclusions
FNA is an accurate method for diagnosing metastatic NETs to the liver. There were significantly more highâgrade (62%) than lowâgrade (38%) metastatic NETs to the liver. In our practice, lung (44%) and pancreas (19%) were the most common primary sites of metastatic NETs involving the liver. In 16% of the cases, a primary site could not be established
The influence of vision on susceptibility to acute motion sickness studied under quantifiable stimulus-response conditions
Twenty-four healthy men, 22 to 25 years of age, were exposed to stressful accelerations in a rotating room until acute mild motion sickness was elicited. Thirteen subjects in one group were exposed first with eyes open and later with eyes covered; the reverse order was used with the remaining eleven in the other group. The stressful accelerations were generated by requiring the subject to execute 120 standardized head movements at each 1-rpm increase in angular velocity until the desired endpoint was reached. When susceptibility to motion sickness with eyes open and covered is compared, 19 subjects were more susceptible with eyes open, three with eyes covered, and in the remaining two susceptibility was the same. The maximum difference in velocity between trial 1 and 2 was 7 rpm when susceptibility was greater with eyes open and 3 rpm when it was greater with eyes covered; the means, respectively, were 3.2 and 2.0 rpm. Among subjects manifesting greater susceptibility with eyes open than covered the group differences were small, indicating little or no adaptation effects. The findings are discussed mainly on the basis that vision may act also to decrease susceptibility under the stimulus conditions described
Exploring local quantum many-body relaxation by atoms in optical superlattices
We establish a setting - atoms in optical superlattices with period 2 - in
which one can experimentally probe signatures of the process of local
relaxation and apparent thermalization in non-equilibrium dynamics without the
need of addressing single sites. This opens up a way to explore the convergence
of subsystems to maximum entropy states in quenched quantum many-body systems
with present technology. Remarkably, the emergence of thermal states does not
follow from a coupling to an environment, but is a result of the complex
non-equilibrium dynamics in closed systems. We explore ways of measuring the
relevant signatures of thermalization in this analogue quantum simulation of a
relaxation process, exploiting the possibilities offered by optical
superlattices.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, version to published in Physical Review Letter
Participantsâ Reasoning in Controversy Coverage
In their analyses of controversy, many researchers begin with the assumption that it is a juvenile or failed dialectical exchange. In conceptualizing controversy this way, they get caught in an is-ought dilemma, often shaping controversy into a two-sided affair involving an open issue with arguments marshalled but then simultaneously pointing out its shortcomings against these same criteria. As Dascal has pointed out, thinking of controversy as a juvenile dialectical exchange seems to be a therapeutic gesture that may present it as a better-behaved object of study than experience would support. In this paper, I approach controversy first and foremost as a textual object, rather than as a dialectical or argumentative one. While I am ultimately interested in the reasoning of participants, I begin by asking how media texts represent controversies. I start here because media texts are the dominant channel by which we learn about public controversies. Their presentation will have a powerful effect on the ways that the events, arguments, participants, and so on are memorialized. In addition, media texts are part of the variegated institutional, historical, social, and textual environment in which controversies emerge. In this paper, I analyze the reasoning of participants in the Brooklyn Museum controversy as it is presented by in a corpus of media texts reporting on the event. I ask the following question: How much and what kinds of reasoning by controversy participants do media texts present in this case? In discussing my results I reflect on the role of media texts as source material for argument and debate reconstruction
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