Development of Irrigation in Wasatch County

A primary basis for settlement locations in the great basin by the Mormons was the availability of water. The settlement of Heber Valley was no exception. Water became quickly involved in two important and determining factors (cooperation and self-reliance) in the development of Mormon society in general and Wasatch County\u27s society in particular. Likewise, these two factors influenced the direction in the development of water as it was utilized by the Mormons to establish the Kingdom of God on earth. Cooperation and self-reliance in Wasatch County were changed as modifications within the county were made as well as by other factors introduced in the county. Wasatch County farmers irrigation systems and institutions are today, a product of these two important factors and the modifications made on them. Co-operation and self reliance continue to be part of the agricultural way of life in Wasatch County

Decision-Making and Sustainable Drainage: Design and Scale

Sustainable Drainage (SuDS) improves water quality, reduces runoff water quantity, increases amenity and biodiversity benefits, and can also mitigate and adapt to climate change. However, an optimal solution has to be designed to be fit for purpose. Most research concentrates on individual devices, but the focus of this paper is on a full management train, showing the scale-related decision-making process in its design with reference to the city of Coventry, a local government authority in central England. It illustrates this with a large scale site-specific model which identifies the SuDS devices suitable for the area and also at the smaller scale, in order to achieve greenfield runoff rates. A method to create a series of maps using geographical information is shown, to indicate feasible locations for SuDS devices across the local government authority area. Applying the larger scale maps, a management train was designed for a smaller-scale regeneration site using MicroDrainage® software to control runoff at greenfield rates. The generated maps were constructed to provide initial guidance to local government on suitable SuDS at individual sites in a planning area. At all scales, the decision about which device to select was complex and influenced by a range of factors, with slightly different problems encountered. There was overall agreement between large and small scale models

The Pulsed Spectra of Two Extraordinary Pulsars

We report on X-ray monitoring of two isolated pulsars within the same RXTE field of view. PSR J1811-1925 in the young supernova remnant G11.2-0.3 has a nearly sinusoidal pulse profile with a hard pulsed spectrum (photon index \~1.2). The pulsar is a highly efficient (~ 1% of spin-down energy) emitter of 2-50 keV pulsed X-rays despite having a fairly typical B ~ 2e12 G magnetic field. PSR J1809-1943/XTE J1810-197 is a newly discovered slow (P=5.54 s), apparently isolated X-ray pulsar which increased in flux by a factor of ~100 in 2003 January. Nine months of monitoring observations have shown a decrease in pulsed flux of ~ 30% without a significant change in its apparently thermal spectrum (kT ~0.7 keV) or pulse profile. During this time, the spin-down torque has fluctuated by a factor of ~ 2. Both the torque and the flux have remained steady for the last 3 months, at levels consistent with a magnetar interpretation.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of X-ray Timing 2003: Rossi and Beyond, ed. P. Kaaret, F.K. Lamb, & J.H. Swank held in Cambridge, MA, Nov. 3-5, 200

Forward genetics in clostridial acetogens as a route to process improvements

Clostridium autoethanogenum is able to use CO or CO2 + H2 as a sole carbon and energy source and natively produces the industrially relevant compounds ethanol, 2,3-butanediol and acetate. Increasing concerns about energy security, environmental impacts of fossil fuel usage and long term fuel and chemical production have led to the commercialisation of biological production of fuels and chemicals. C. autoethanogenum has been adopted as the organism of choice by a leading biotechnology company which has now reached full commercial-scale ethanol production using industrial waste gases as feedstock in a process termed gas fermentation. Strain development is a crucial process to the further adoption of this gas fermentation technology. An important step in strain development is establishing reliable and efficient DNA transfer protocols. In this study a novel E. coli conjugal donor strain was constructed which offered up to 744-fold increases in conjugation efficiency over an established donor strain. Improvements in DNA transfer aided forward genetics using the mariner element himar1. Transposon mutants were identified including strains deficient in amino acid biosynthesis and motility as well as several mutants with significantly improved ethanol production. Transposon Directed Insertion-site Sequencing (TraDIS) involves the creation of a large transposon mutant pool followed by high-throughput sequencing to simultaneously map every insertion site. TraDIS is capable of producing a comprehensive list of candidate essential genes as well as gene targets implicated in product tolerance, as such it is a valuable tool for directing future strain engineering. Transposon-delivery vector and DNA sequencing library innovations have been demonstrated which will facilitate TraDIS experiments in this industrially important organism

The political and economical roles of the cocoa leaf during the Peruvian transition towards agrarian capitalism

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The Impact of Motivation on Continued VFR into IMC: Another Perspective to an On-Going Problem

Continued flight under visual flight rules into instrument meteorological conditions remains the predominant cause for fatal accidents by percentage for general aviation aircraft operations. There are gaps in the research in determining how motivation might influence the decision-making process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how motivation and meteorological conditions might affect a pilot’s willingness to persist in flight into meteorological conditions. Four hundred and fifty-four general aviation pilots participated in a mixed factorial experiment to assess their willingness to persist in varying weather conditions. Participants were randomly assigned into one of three motivation groups (intrinsic, extrinsic, or no motivation) and were subjected to all three meteorological conditions (visual, marginal, and instrument) that were randomized in order of appearance. They were then asked to indicate their willingness to persist in each condition via a slider scale, scaled from 0 to 100. The results indicated the main effect of meteorological condition has a significant effect on willingness to persist, while the main effect of motivation did not. The interaction between meteorological condition and motivation resulted in a significant effect, particularly in the marginal meteorological condition