Effects of Sound Suppressors on Muzzle Velocity, Bullet Yaw, and Drag

Little has been published regarding whether and how sound suppressors impact bullet flight, including velocity, bullet yaw, and drag. These parameters were compared for four different bullets fired from a .300 Winchester Magnum under four different muzzle conditions (no device and three different suppressors). While effects were not observed in all cases, results indicate that sound suppressors can have the effect of reducing bullet yaw and drag significantly, and can also have small effects on muzzle velocity. Results further suggest that bullets with a propensity to yaw demonstrate significant reductions in yaw and drag when shot through a two stage symmetric suppressor versus unsuppressed or with a conventional mouse-hole/K-baffle design.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Ballistics 201

Multiplexing Iduronate-2-Sulphatase (MPS-II) into a 7-Plex Lysosomal Storage Disorder MS/MS Assay Using Cold-Induced Phase Separation

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS-II, Hunter syndrome, OMIM:30990) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) that results in iduronate 2-sulphatase (I2S) enzyme deficiency. MPS-II was added to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP) in August 2022; thus, there is an increased demand for multiplexing I2S into existing LSD screening assays. After incubation with LSD synthetic substrates, extracts are cleaned using liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate or protein precipitation using acetonitrile (ACN). We investigated cold-induced water ACN phase separation (CIPS) to improve the combination of 6-plex and I2S extracts to create a 7-plex assay, and compared it to room temperature ACN and ethyl acetate liquid–liquid extraction. The extracts were dried and resuspended in the mobile phase, and then analyzed using an optimized 1.9 min injection-to-injection liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The combination of ACN and CIPS improved the detection for I2S products without significant detriment to other analytes, which is attributable to a more complete coagulation and separation of heme, proteins, and extracted residual salts. Using CIPS for sample cleanup in dried blood spots (DBS) appears to represent a promising and straightforward way of achieving cleaner sample extracts in a new 7-plex LSD screening panel