Charles W. Chesnutt et la couleur de la critique

National audienceCet article, fondé sur l'analyse de l'épitexte promotionnel et critique des deux premiers recueils de nouvelles de l'écrivain africain américain Charles W. Chesnutt, tente d'établir le portrait de l'auteur qui se dessine au travers de la réception critique de The Conjure Woman et The Wife of His Youth. Ce-faisant, il interroge la fluidité, la porosité et l'instabilité des catégories raciales au tournant du XXe siècle

Compte-rendu d'ouvrage. Gustave de Beaumont, Marie ou l'Esclavage aux États-Unis, Postface de Laurence Cossu-Beaumont. Paris : Aux Forges de Vulcain (2014). e-Rea 12. 2/ 2015.

compte-rendu d'ouvrage.Compte-rendu d'ouvrage, réédition du récit de Gustave de Beaumont, Marie ou l'esclavage aux Etats-Unis, annotée et postfacée par Laurence Cossu-Beaumont

San Francisco sous la plume de Bret Harte – The Overland Monthly, 1868-1871

National audienceA partir des éditoriaux rédigés par Bret Harte dans le magazine californien The Overland Monthly, cet article dresse un portrait de la ville de San Francisco en plein essor capitaliste au début des années 1870

Disciplining the Author: A Look at the Author-Printer Relationship in America

International audienceThe European tradition of printers’ manuals initiated in the early seventeenth century was vigorously perpetuated in the United States throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although first intended for the print shop, these manuals also aimed at teaching authors the mechanics of printing, in order to maintain a valuable partnership between printer and author. At the turn of the twentieth century, these texts, along with readers’ and publishers’ guidebooks, constructed a technical, professional and ideological discourse on bookmaking. This analysis of some eighteen volumes published between 1870 and 1918 focuses on the tensions between the printing house and the author, largely induced by the acceleration of mechanical tasks. It thus attempts to highlight the specificities of a discourse on bookmaking that reflects both how printers were coming to terms with mechanisation (or the threat thereof), and how they required the author’s contribution in an effort, perhaps, to ascertain the artistic and intellectual dimension of printing

The Lives of a Book: The Conjure Woman through the Ages

International audienceIn 1899 Houghton Mifflin published African-American writer Charles Waddell Chesnutt's The Conjure Woman, which would ultimately become the most famous of his books. Looking at the context and the paratext of re-editions of this collection of stories between1899 and 2002, this essay endeavours to assess the extent to which these re-editions endowed the text with new possibilities for interpretation, and with a new status. As the text was ultimately canonised, the story of these editions also reflects the history, and the historiography, of African-American literature in the twentieth century

Auteur cherche éditeur : échec d’une correspondance, Jean Toomer, 1924-1947 »

International audienceL'histoire éditoriale du recueil hybride de l'écrivain et poète Jean Toomer, Cane, a fait l'objet de plusieurs travaux universitaires. Fondé sur l'étude d'archives peu analysées jusqu'ici, cet article examine la correspondance postérieure à la publication de Cane (1923) de Jean Toomer avec éditeurs, agents et amis, pour tenter de mettre au jour des raisons moins connues de la disparition de cette "météore de la Renaissance de Harlem"

Multiplex quantitative PCR for single-reaction genetically modified (GM) plant detection and identification of false-positive GM plants linked to Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) infection.

BACKGROUND:Most genetically modified (GM) plants contain a promoter, P35S, from the plant virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), and many have a terminator, TNOS, derived from the bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Assays designed to detect GM plants often target the P35S and/or TNOS DNA sequences. However, because the P35S promoter is derived from CaMV, these detection assays can yield false-positives from non-GM plants infected by this naturally-occurring virus. RESULTS:Here we report the development of an assay designed to distinguish CaMV-infected plants from GM plants in a single multiplexed quantitative PCR (qPCR) reaction. Following initial testing and optimization via PCR and singleplex-to-multiplex qPCR on both plasmid and plant DNA, TaqMan qPCR probes with different fluorescence wavelengths were designed to target actin (a positive-control plant gene), P35S, P3 (a CaMV-specific gene), and TNOS. We tested the specificity of our quadruplex qPCR assay using different DNA extracts from organic watercress and both organic and GM canola, all with and without CaMV infection, and by using commercial and industrial samples. The limit of detection (LOD) of each target was determined to be 1% for actin, 0.001% for P35S, and 0.01% for both P3 and TNOS. CONCLUSIONS:This assay was able to distinguish CaMV-infected plants from GM plants in a single multiplexed qPCR reaction for all samples tested in this study, suggesting that this protocol is broadly applicable and readily transferrable to any interested parties with a qPCR platform

Early cardiovascular events in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus

International audienceBackground: The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is not assessed within the first 10 years postpartum, regardless of subsequent diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of CVD events related to GDM within 7 years of postpartum.Methods: This nationwide population-based study of deliveries in 2007 and 2008 with a follow-up of 7 years was based on data from the French medico-administrative database. Two groups were formed: women with a history of GDM and women without GDM or previous diabetes. CVD included angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart bypass surgery, coronary angioplasty, carotid endarterectomy and fibrinolysis. Hypertensive disease was assessed separately. Determinants studied included age, obesity, subsequent diabetes mellitus and hypertensive diseases during pregnancy. Adjusted odds ratios for outcomes were calculated using multiple logistic regressions.Results: The hospital database recorded 1,518,990 deliveries in 2007 and 2008. Among these, 62,958 women had a history of GDM. After adjusting for age, DM, obesity and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, GDM was significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD (adjusted Odds Ratio aOR = 1.25 [1.09-1.43]). Considering each variable in a separate model, GDM was associated with angina pectoris (aOR = 1.68 [1.29-2.20]), myocardial infarction (aOR = 1.92 [1.36-2.71]) and hypertension (aOR = 2.72 [2.58-2.88]) but not with stroke.Conclusions: A history of GDM was identified as a risk factor of CVD, especially coronary vascular diseases, within the 7 years postpartum. A lifestyle changes from postpartum onwards can be recommended and supported

«'He stands, first and last, for the revolt of our misled youth against every proper tradition of the land': Horace B. Liveright, éditeur incorrect »

National audienceA portrait of New York-publisher extraordinaire Horace B. Liveright, focusing on his fight against censorship.Cet article dresse un portrait de l'éditeur new-yorkais Horace B. Liveright, à travers son engagement dans la lutte contre la censure aux Etats-Unis au début des années 1920

Anne Crémieux, Xavier Lemoine, Jean-Paul Rocchi, eds., Understanding Blackness through Performance; Contemporary Arts and the Representation of Identity

Understanding Blackness through Performance is one of several publications deriving from the 2011 CAAR (Collegium for African American Research) conference organized in Paris on ”Black States of Desire”. Others include Black Intersectionalities; A Critique for the 21st Century, edited by Jean-Paul Rocchi and Monica Michlin (Liverpool University Press, 2013), Black Europe: Subjects, Struggles and Shifting Perceptions (Eds. Frédéric Sylvanise and J-P. Rocchi, forthcoming from SUNY Press in 2015..