Aspectos botânicos, fitoquímicos e nutricionais do araticum (Annona coriacea Mart.): uma revisão

Annona coriacea é uma árvore frutífera nativa do Cerrado brasileiro que apresenta propriedades nutricionais e farmacológicas. Essa planta possui uma longa história de uso tradicional, sendo utilizada desde a antiguidade pela medicina popular para o tratamento de várias condições patológicas. A compreensão de suas composição química e atividades biológicas fornece a base para apoiar futuras pesquisas e aplicações dessa planta no desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios, agrícolas e farmacêuticos. Nesse sentido, esta revisão busca unir as informações disponíveis sobre a fitoquímica, os usos tradicionais, e as atividades biológicas e nutricionais de A. coriacea. As folhas, sementes, flores e frutos têm demonstrado uma ampla gama de compostos bioativos e apresentam atividades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias, antitumorais, analgésicas, antimicrobianas, antiparasitárias e inseticidas. Portanto, essas descobertas demonstram que as folhas, frutos, flores e sementes podem ser utilizados como alimentos funcionais ou como fonte para a obtenção de compostos bioativos para aplicações em alimentos, cosméticos e fármacos

Análise da viabilidade do uso do concreto permeável na utilização de pavimento leve em vias urbanas / Analysis of the feasibility of using permeable concrete as lightweight sidewalk in urban roads

O crescimento urbano no Brasil tem sido de grande relevância nos dias atuais, chamando a atenção pela ocupação que tem ocorrido de forma acelerada. Assim o aumento das enchentes devido a alto índice de desmatamento, tem levado muitos estudantes e profissionais da área da engenharia a desenvolverem novas tecnologias relacionadas a drenagem urbana sustentável. O desenvolvimento dos pavimentos permeável na construção civil em muitas regiões tem sido de grande importância para se evitar catástrofes naturais, como enchentes, preservação ambiental, entre outras. A retirada total da cobertura vegetal, para construção de áreas impermeáveis, tais como calçadas totalmente de concreto, implantação de pavimentação nas ruas são as obras que nos chamam a atenção, pois são essas obras que quando não realizadas com planejamento são umas das principais causas de desconforto térmico principalmente nas grandes cidades, com altas temperaturas, precipitações desordenadas fora os grandes prejuízos na mobilidade urbana durante os períodos chuvosos. Diante disso tem-se observado que o pavimento permeável tem sido utilizados de forma bem significativa no decorrer dos anos, com intuito de tentar minimizar os impactos causados pelas características do solo tais como a impermeabilização, compactação natural e etc. Essa técnica construtiva tem sido implantada com muita força na execução de áreas destinadas ao tráfego leve de veículos, estacionamentos, sendo muito utlizado também em calçadas, praças e parques. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar os pontos positivos e negativos entre os fornecedores, pesquisadores e outras empresas que fabricam esses tipos de pavimentos, analisar sua resistência em laboratório e sua aplicabilidade como pavimento. Foram analisados comparativos entre as taxas de permeabilidade, trabalhos científicos, através de dentificações de pavimentos hidrologicamente funcionais

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Prototipagem de recursos audiovisuais para difusão dos campos de atuação em fonoaudiologia: um relato de experiência

Introdução: Apesar do expressivo crescimento da Fonoaudiologia, ainda existem lacunas importantes de conhecimento de várias especialidades. Partindo do princípio de que o uso de recursos audiovisuais corrobora com a visibilidade da profissão e ainda contribui no processo de formação dos estudantes,  este relato tem por objetivo relatar a experiência sobre a prototipagem de recursos audiovisuais por estudantes para o público em geral. Metodologia: Trata-se de relato de experiência desenvolvido por graduandos do curso de Fonoaudiologia de uma universidade pública de Pernambuco. O percurso metodológico foi estruturado em três fases a saber: 1- Imersão teórica; Workshop sobre ferramentas da web para criação de recursos digitais; 3- Prototipagem e  pesquisa de satisfação. Os resultados foram analisados a partir de técnicas de estatística descritiva. Resultados: A  idade média de dos nove participantes foi de 27,3 anos. Todos optaram por trabalhar com conteúdo visuais dinâmicos. A grande maioria ficou satisfeito com o tema abordado para criação do recurso e sobre a capacitação oferecida para a criação do respectivo conteúdo. Sobre a trilha de aprendizagem a grande maioria realizou pesquisa em fontes de informação geral (sites) para construir os recursos.De um modo geral, pontuaram que a experiencia foi positiva e referiram que a abordagem metodológica utilizada se tratou de algo inovador e/ou moderno. Conclusão: Os estudantes se mostraram satisfeitos com a criação de recursos digitais. Por fim, pode-se concluir que experiências exitosas como esta, podem contribuir, impulsionar e corroborar o protagonismo estudantil no processo de aprendizagem, principalmente na educação superior em saúde.&nbsp

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)