Uso de bebidas alcoólicas entre estudantes adolescentes no município de Soure, Pará, Brasil

Objetivos: Este estudo identificou prevalências e fatores associados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas entre estudantes adolescentes no município de Soure, Pará, norte do Brasil. Materiais e métodos: Neste estudo transversal, 736 estudantes adolescentes, oriundos de escolas públicas de ensino médio, forneceram informações por meio de formulário estruturado. Os testes Qui-quadrado e Odds Ratio foram usados para identificar os fatores associados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas. Resultados: No total, 376 (51,1%) adolescentes informaram ter usado bebida alcoólica na vida e outros 166 (22,6%) afirmaram ter usado frequentemente nos últimos 30 dias. Cerveja, cachaça e misturas de frutas com cachaça foram as bebidas alcoólicas utilizadas na última vez de consumo. O uso de drogas psicotrópicas pelos pais ou responsáveis e amigos (todos ou a maioria deles) foram os fatores associados ao uso na vida e nos últimos 30 dias, sendo idade > 16 anos também associado ao uso nos últimos 30 dias. Conclusões: As elevadas prevalências de uso de bebidas alcoólicas e a associação com uso de drogas psicotrópicas por pais e amigos indicam um cenário preocupante, no qual há necessidade urgente de ações para prevenção e controle de uso de drogas psicotrópicas em Soure

Fibrilação atrial em atletas / Atrial fibrillation in athletes

Objetivos: Embasar na literatura a correlação existente na prática de exercícios físicos de alta potência praticadas por atletas e a incidência de fibrilação atrial. Métodos: Revisão integrativa com artigos selecionados nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Medline e Lilacs publicados entre os anos de 2011 e 2021, com ensaios e estudos clínicos, além de estudos observacionais. Os descritores utilizados foram: (athletes) AND (atrial fibrillation). Resultados: Alguns estudos apontaram uma baixa incidência de fibrilação atrial entre atletas de elite. Enquanto outros constataram que o treinamento de alta intensidade de atletas competitivos está relacionado a um maior risco de fibrilação atrial, principalmente homens saudáveis de meia idade, quando possuem uma frequência cardíaca menor que 100 bpm. Considerações finais: A Fibrilação atrial em atletas tem uma incidência maior em atletas do sexo masculino e mais velhos que realizam treinos de alta intensidade, visto que possuem como potenciais indutores o remodelamento cardíaco, a inflamação e a fibrose.

Albuminuria Reduction after High Dose of Vitamin D in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study

BackgroundSome studies suggest an association between diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and vitamin D (VD), but there is no data about the effect of high dose of VD on DKD in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our pilot study aims to evaluate albuminuria reduction in patients with T1DM supplemented with high dose of VD.Methods22 patients received doses of 4,000 and 10,000 IU/day of cholecalciferol for 12 weeks according to patient’s previous VD levels. They were submitted to continuous glucose monitoring system, 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio before and after VD supplementation.ResultsThere was a reduction of DKD prevalence at the end of the study (68 vs 32%; p = 0.05), with no changes on insulin doses, glycated hemoglobin, glycemic variability and blood pressure values. A correlation between percentage variation of VD levels (ΔVD) and albuminuria at the end of the study was presented (r = −0.5; p < 0.05). Among T1DM patients with DKD at the beginning of the study, 8/13 (62%) had their DKD stage improved, while the other five ones (38%) showed no changes (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur pilot study suggests an association between VD high dose supplementation, lower prevalence and improvement in stages of DKD in T1DM

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DOS CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

To discuss the importance of implementing palliative care in the intensive care unit through the existing literature. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The search for the works involved in the research was carried out in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using the health sciences descriptors: "Hospice care", "Palliative care" and "Intensive care unit". The inclusion criteria were: published between 2013 and 2023, with free access to full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate articles, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in event proceedings and unavailable in full. Results: This care has some principles that guarantee its effectiveness when implemented in the ICU, such as promoting individual and continuous care for patients, involving family members in this process, respecting the autonomy of the patient, establishing an environment conducive to the necessary care, among others. Conclusion: The study in question concludes that the implementation of palliative care in the ICU, despite having numerous barriers, promotes a less painful dying process when applied correctly by health professionals, among these aspects, the participation of the family in this process is emphasized.Discutir por meio da literatura existente acerca da importância da implementação dos cuidados paliativos na unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Assistência hospitalar”, “Cuidados paliativos” e “Unidade de terapia intensiva”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2013 e 2023, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: Esses cuidados possuem alguns princípios que garantem a sua efetividade na implementação na UTI como promover o cuidado individual e continuo aos pacientes, envolver os familiares nesse processo, respeitar a autonomia do enfermo, estabelecer um ambiente propício aos cuidados necessários dentre outros. Conclusão: O estudo em questão conclui que a implementação dos cuidados paliativos na UTI apesar de possui inúmeras barreiras ele promover um processo de morrer menos doloroso quando aplicado corretamente por meio dos profissionais de saúde, dentre esses aspectos enfatiza-se a participação da família nesse processo

1964 edition: uma conversa sobre o regime militar e as editoras brasileiras (o caso Aníbal Bragança)

A presente pesquisa trata de uma conversa entre o regime militar e as editoras de livros brasileiras partindo do recolhimento e análise das memórias de Aníbal Bragança, um editor que foi preso e teve sua editora fechada durante o regime militar brasileiro (1964 a 1985). Contextualiza a censura e sua ação repressiva quanto às editoras de livros brasileiras. Em sua metodologia, foi adotada a história oral como fonte histórica, tendo como elemento central a memória do editor. A coleta do depoimento foi efetuada através de uma entrevista, ponto de vista a partir do qual se entende o que foi aquele período e como a censura se sucedeu em sua editora e livraria chamada Diálogo.The present research is about a conversation between the military regime and the Brazilian books publishers, starting from the recollection and analysis of the memories of Aníbal Bragança, an editor who was arrested and has his publishing company closed during the Brazilian military regime (1964 to 1985). Contextualizes the censorship and its repressive actions on Brazilian book publishers. In its methodology, oral history was adopted as a historical source, having as the central element the editor’s memory. The testimony was collected through an interview, a point of view from which one understands what that period was and how censorship took place in his publisher and bookstore called Diálogo

Dynamics of Early Establishment of SARS-CoV-2 VOC Omicron Lineages in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Brazil is one of the nations most affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The introduction and establishment of new virus variants can be related to an increase in cases and fatalities. The emergence of Omicron, the most modified SARS-CoV-2 variant, caused alarm for the public health of Brazil. In this study, we examined the effects of the Omicron introduction in Minas Gerais (MG), the second-most populous state of Brazil. A total of 430 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) samples from November 2021 to June 2022 from Belo Horizonte (BH) city were sequenced. These newly sequenced genomes comprise 72% of all previously available SARS-CoV-2 genomes for the city. Evolutionary analysis of novel viral genomes reveals that a great diversity of Omicron sublineages have circulated in BH, a pattern in-keeping with observations across Brazil more generally. Bayesian phylogeographic reconstructions indicate that this diversity is a product of a large number of international and national importations. As observed previously, São Paulo state is shown as a significant hub for viral spread throughout the country, contributing to around 70% of all viral Omicron introductions detected in MG

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data