Marketing proactivo en períodos de crisis y sus efectos en el desempeño empresarial

El tema de la investigación es el Marketing proactivo en períodos de crisis y sus efectos en el desempeño empresaria

The Dual Dynamical Foundation of Orthodox Quantum Mechanics

This paper combines mathematical, philosophical, and historical analyses in a comprehensive investigation of the dynamical foundations of the formalism of orthodox quantum mechanics. The results obtained include: (i) A deduction of the canonical commutation relations (CCR) from the tenets of Matrix Mechanics; (ii) A discussion of the meaning of Schr\"odinger's first derivation of the wave equation that not only improves on Joas and Lehner's 2009 investigation on the subject but also demonstrates that the CCR follow of necessity from Schr\"odinger's first derivation of the wave equation, thus correcting the common misconception that the CCR were only posited by Schr\"odinger to pursue equivalence with Matrix Mechanics; (iii) A discussion of the mathematical facts and requirements involved in the equivalence of Matrix and Wave Mechanics that improves on F. A. Muller's classical treatment of the subject; (iv) A proof that the equivalence of Matrix and Wave Mechanics is necessitated by the formal requirements of a dual action functional from which both the dynamical postulates of orthodox quantum mechanics, von Neumann's process 1 and process 2, follow; (v) A critical assessment, based on (iii) and (iv), of von Neumann's construction of unified quantum mechanics over Hilbert space. Point (iv) is our main result. It brings to the open the important, but hitherto ignored, fact that orthodox quantum mechanics is no exception to the golden rule of physics that the dynamics of a physical theory must follow from the action functional. If orthodox quantum mechanics, based as it is on the assumption of the equivalence of Matrix and Wave Mechanics, has this "peculiar dual dynamics," as von Neumann called it, this is so because by assuming the equivalence one has been assuming a peculiar dual action

Visual Analysis as a tool for urban intervention in comparative studies

[EN] In recent years, urban design development has been an important topic in Latin American cities such as Medellin, Mexico City and Córdoba, due to the transformation of their urban spaces and new methods used to evaluate the social, morphological and, in some cases, economic impacts that have been brought about by urban development projects. When inquiring about the development process and impact of urban studies, and the inhabitants’ relation to a transformed space, it is important to establish the context within which images, drawings and photographs are analyzed, using graphical approaches triangulated with other research methods to define comparative criteria this paper will show, another example were visual analysis tools where used to understand urban transformation regarding economic process.Builes, A.; Correa, L.; Gutierrez, D. (2018). Visual Analysis as a tool for urban intervention in comparative studies. En 24th ISUF International Conference. Book of Papers. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1413-1421. https://doi.org/10.4995/ISUF2017.2017.5866OCS1413142

The multibusiness phenomenon beyond conglomerates and business groups : a corporate management perspective

Businesses and not multibusiness firms are the ones that compete. While each business needs its own competitive strategy, multibusiness firms require corporate management for capturing synergies. The competitive view has triggered the emergence of multiple businesses within a single firm. Despite this, it is common to find managers who are unaware of the benefits that joint management brings to the performance of a multibusiness company. Managing multibusiness firms implies facing a paradox: leveraging business uniqueness while creating joint value for the multibusiness company. This paper characterizes the multibusiness phenomenon from the existence of ownership ties and coordinated actions, by qualitatively researching 21 Colombian multibusiness firms. It contributes to the managerial knowledge of these types of firms in two different ways: by identifying the multibusiness phenomenon in a variety of companies, and by highlighting the benefits of the joint management of a multibusiness firm

Dosificación ponderal para hormigones

Castellano: La dosificación es un proceso que tiene una gran incidencia en el resultado final del hormigón que se diseña, es un factor determinante en la consecución de las características y prestaciones deseadas para éste. Existen diversos métodos de dosificación, sin embargo, no todos los métodos son válidos para cualquier mezcla que se desee diseñar. Los métodos más utilizados se pueden clasificar en dos grandes grupos, uno basado en el contenido de cemento, y el otro basado en la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón. En muchos casos con los métodos existentes se logran resultados satisfactorios; mientras que en otros, dichos métodos no son suficientemente precisos; particularmente en aquellos en que la densidad a lograr del hormigón de diseño es un parámetro fundamental y se requiere gran exactitud en su consecución. Tales casos podrían presentarse en el diseño de hormigones de alta densidad (hormigones pesados) y de hormigones de baja densidad (hormigones ligeros); algunos requerimientos de proyecto podrían exigir de una metodología que arrojase resultados más directos, sin necesidad de efectuar diversos tanteos hasta conseguir la densidad deseada. En este trabajo se presenta una descripción de los métodos convencionales más utilizados; posteriormente se enuncia un método de dosificación ponderal (por peso de sus componentes) denominado método ONILEVA, describiendo su manera de utilización y las condiciones en las cuales puede resultar más adecuado su uso. Se realiza también una descripción de los hormigones pesados y ligeros, que incluye los requisitos que deben poseer los materiales que los constituyen y las condiciones de fabricación de los mismos. Finalmente, se concluye el trabajo realizando un ejemplo de dosificación de una misma tipología de hormigón, por un método convencional y por el método de dosificación ponderal expuesto, definiendo las ventajas y limitaciones en la utilización de uno y otro método.English: The dosage is a process that has an important impact on the outcome of the concrete that is designed, it´s a determining factor to achieve the desired technical characteristics of it. There are several methods of dosage, however, not all of them are valid for any desired mix design. The most used methods can be classified into two groups, one is based on the content of the cement and the other one, on the compressive strength of the concrete. In many cases the existing methods are enough to achieve satisfactory results, but in others, such methods are sometimes not accurated enough, particularly in cases in which achieving the desired density in the design of the concrete, is a critical parameter and requires great accuracy. Such cases might arise both in the design of high and low density; some project requirements might need a methodology that yields more direct results without the need of several attempts to reach the specific density. This document presents an overview of the most used dosage methods, and then describes a method called the ONILEVA method, which is based on the weight of the components of the concrete; the way and the conditions under which it might be more appropriate to use, are also described. The document includes a description of the heavy and light concrete requirements, with constituent materials and manufacturing conditions thereof. Finally, it reports an example of a dosage of the same type of concrete, by a conventional method and by the method of dosing by weight, here presented, defining the advantages and limitations of using each method

Caracterización de la infraestructura de los escenarios deportivos y recreativos públicos y del sector educativo privado del municipio de Santa Rosa de Cabal 2007

En este estudio se describió la condición actual en la que se encuentran los escenarios deportivos y recreativos públicos y del sector educativo privado de Santa Rosa de Cabal; el instrumento guía fue elaborado y utilizado por el Instituto Colombiano del Deporte COLDEPORTES y el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística DANE para el diagnóstico, mejoramiento y mantenimiento de los escenarios en el resto del país. El instrumento permitió conocer la ubicación, estado, dimensiones y capacidad de los 205 escenarios existentes en el municipio en los sectores urbano y rural. Los datos recogidos fueron sistematizados mediante el diseño de una hoja de cálculo de Excel, por medio de la cual se manejó la información como parte de una base de datos. Los resultados del estudio arrojaron falencias en la construcción, dotación y mantenimiento de la mayoría de los escenarios tanto deportivos como recreativos del municipio. Se recomienda al ente encargado, actualizar periódicamente la base de datos arrojada por esta investigación, para tener un continuo control de cada uno de los escenarios

Cognitive entrainment to isochronous rhythms is independent of both sensory modality and top-down attention

The anisochrony of a stimulus sequence was manipulated parametrically to investigate whether rhythmic entrainment is stronger in the auditory modality than in the visual modality (Experiment 1), and whether it relies on top-down attention (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, participants had to respond as quickly as possible to a target presented after a sequence of either visual or auditory stimuli. The anisochrony of this sequence was manipulated parametrically, rather than in an all or none fashion; that is, it could range from smaller to larger deviations of the isochrony (0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ms). We compared rhythmic entrainment patterns for auditory and visual modalities. Results showed a peak of entrainment for both isochrony and deviations of isochrony up to 50 ms (i.e., participants were equally fast both after the isochronous sequences and after 10, 20 and 50 ms deviations), suggesting that anisochronous sequences can also produce entrainment. Beyond this entrainment window, the reaction times became progressively slower. Surprisingly, no differences were found between the entrainment patterns for auditory and visual rhythms. In Experiment 2, we used a dual-task methodology by adding a working memory n-back task to the procedure of Experiment 1. Results did not show interference of the secondary task in either auditory or visual modalities, with participants showing the same entrainment pattern as in Experiment 1. These results suggest that rhythmic entrainment constitutes a cognitive process that occurs by default (automatically), regardless of the modality in which the stimuli are presented, and independent of top-down attention, to generate behavioural benefits.Financial support for this research was provided by a “Formación del Profesorado Universitario” (FPU) grant from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Spanish Government, to Diana Cutanda, the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PLAN NACIONAL de I+D+i, grant number: PSI2014-58041-P) to AC and by the Junta de Andalucía (SEJ-3054) to AC and DS