Photopolymerization of ionic liquids in flexible microporous aramids for ion conductive solid polyelectrolytes

This work presents the preparation of novel solid polymer electrolytes based on flexible microporous aramids filled with photopolymerized ionic liquids and lithium salt. The materials combined a high ionic conductivity with the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the aramids, including also good flexibility and handleability. First, a simple casting process was followed to obtain microporous aramids with an interconnected channel morphology. In a second step, this channel structure was filled with a solution of non-commercial photopolymerizable ionic liquid, commercial ionic liquids and the lithium salt, followed by UV irradiation to obtain the conducting aramids. Ionic conductivity of the materials was studied at 25 °C, and also in the temperature range between −50 to 90 °C, together with SEM analyses of the filled porous structure and thermal properties, to fully characterize the photopolymerization process of the ionic liquids inside the porous structure. The materials showed high ionic conductivity values together with excellent thermal and mechanical properties, indicating their viability as flexible and thermally stable solid electrolytes.FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) and both the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MAT2017-84501-R and MAT2017-88923-P), the Consejería de Educacion-Junta ´ de Castilla y Leon ´ (BU306P18) and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion ´ (PID2019-108583RJ-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)

Comunidad de roedores en el municipio de san marcos, sucre, colombia

The aim of this research was to determinate the composition of rodent communities in urban and rural areas from San Marcos, Sucre, Colombia. Rodents were sampled using Sherman traps from December 2007 to July 2009, with a capture effort of 1200 night traps (capture success 12%). A total of 144 rodents were captured, eight species were registered: Mus musculus (60), Zygodontomys brevicauda (44), Rattus rattus (21), Oryzomys azuerensis (10), Oligoryzomys fulvescens (4), Neacomys spinosus (2), Proechiymys cayennensis (2), and Heteromys anomalus (1). The number of murinae rodents was higher in urban habitats, whereas wild rodent species of subfamily Sigmodontinae were dominant in rural areas. In addition, the highest percentage of population consisted of adult males. Data suggest that characteristics of habitats (homogeneity and heterogeneity) were important factors on species distribution and diversity of rodents in both urban and rural area.El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la composición de las comunidades de roedores en áreas urbanas y rurales del municipio de San Marcos, Sucre, Colombia. Los roedores fueron muestreados empleando trampas tipo Sherman desde diciembre de 2007 hasta julio de 2009, con un esfuerzo de captura de 1200 trampas-noche (éxito de captura 12%). Fueron capturados un total de 144 individuos, registrándose 8 especies: Mus musculus (60), Zygodontomys brevicauda (44), Rattus rattus (21), Oryzomys azuerensis (10), Oligoryzomys fulvescens (4), Neacomys spinosus (2), Proechiymys cayennensis (2) y Heteromys anomalus (1). El número de roedores murinos fue mayor en hábitats urbanos, mientras en ambientes rurales predominaron las especies silvestres de la subfamilia Sigmodontinae. Además, el mayor porcentaje de la población correspondió a machos adultos. Los resultados sugieren que las condiciones (homogeneidad y heterogeneidad) de los hábitats fueron determinantes en la distribución y diversidad de los roedores tanto en ambientes urbanos como rurales

Variability of the air temperature and its comparison with MODIS Land Surface Temperature in the Hurd Peninsula of the Livingston Island, Antarctica, between 2000 and 2016

Ponencia presentada en: XVIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Teledetección celebrado en Valladolid del 24 al 27 septiembre 2019.[ES]En los ambientes polares, tan vulnerables al cambio climático, el estudio de la temperatura es imprescindible. Por ello, y en el marco del proyecto PERMASNOW, en este trabajo hemos estudiado en detalle la variación de la temperatura del aire (Ta) en la península Hurd de la isla Livingston (Antártida) y hemos tratado de estimarla a partir de los datos de temperatura de la superficie terrestre (LST, por sus siglas en inglés) del sensor MODIS entre los años 2000 y 2016. Utilizamos datos de Ta media diaria obtenidos en seis puntos, tres estaciones meteorológicas de AEMET y tres estaciones del proyecto PERMASNOW: Juan Carlos I (JCI), Glaciar Johnson (GJ), Glaciar Hurd (GH), Incinerador (INC), Reina Sofía (RS) y Collado Ramos (CR), respectivamente. Los datos MODIS LST son los diurnos y nocturnos de los satélites Terra y Aqua. La tendencia en Ta se ha analizado mediante la regresión localmente ponderada (LOESS, por sus siglas en inglés) y la relación Ta -LST con regresiones lineales múltiples. Concluimos que Ta en el área de estudio varía: se observa en la estación JCI, más cercana a la costa, una tendencia al enfriamiento con valores entre –2,3 y –3,0°C década–1. En cambio, las estaciones más alejadas de la costa y de mayor altitud muestran una tendencia al calentamiento (entre +0,2 y +0,8°C década-1). Los mejores modelos de estimación de Ta a partir de LST y variables temporales se obtienen con los datos diurnos de Terra (R2 = 0,5-0,7; RSE = 2°C), exceptuando GJ, donde la variable LST no es significativa. Con la validación cruzada (CV) se aprecian también, excepto en GJ, mejores resultados con los datos diurnos de Terra (R2 CV = 0,5-0,6; RMSECV = 2,5-2,6°C). Finalmente, concluimos que los datos MODIS LST son útiles para estimar tendencias de Ta a largo plazo en el área de estudio.[EN]In polar zones, where satellite data are very useful due to the limited in situ data, it is therefore essential to study the air temperature behaviour. In the framework of the PERMASNOW project we estimated the air temperature (Ta) in the Hurd Peninsula of Livingston Island (Antarctica) from the land surface temperature (LST) data of the MODIS between 2000 and 2016. We worked with Ta data obtained at six stations (3 AEMET meteorological stations and 3 PERMASNOW project stations: Juan Carlos I (JCI), Johnson Glacier (JG), Hurd Glacier (HG), Incinerator (INC), Reina Sofia (RS) and Collado Ramos (CR), respectively. In addition, we analyzed daytime and nighttime LST data from the Terra and Aqua satellites. Locally weighted regression (LOESS) and multiple linear regressions were used for statistical analysis. We conclude that the Ta in the study area varies: a cooling trend with values between –2.3 and –3.0°C decade-1 is observed in JCI, which is closer to the coast. On the other hand, the stations farther from the coast and at higher altitudes show a warming trend (between +0.2 and +0.8°C decade-1). The best Ta models are obtained with Terra daytime data (R2 = 0.5-0.7 and RSE = 2°C), except JG, where the LST variable is not significant. With cross validation (CV), better results are also seen, except in JG, with the daytime Terra data (R2 CV = 0.5-0.6, RMSECV = 2.5-2.6°C). In summary, MODIS LST data are useful for estimating long-term Ta trends in the study area.Esta investigación fue posible gracias a la financiación de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación a través del proyecto PERMASNOW [CTM2014-52021-R], la ayuda de la Universidad de Oviedo al Grupo de Investigación RSApps en 2018 [PAPI-18-GR-2016-0005] y las ayudas obtenidas por A.C.-P. (“Severo Ochoa” del Gobierno del Principado de Asturias [BP17-151] y “Ayuda Predoctoral” de la Universidad de Oviedo)

Charge separation relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}= 2.76 TeV

Measurements of charge dependent azimuthal correlations with the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. Two- and three-particle charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta| < 0.8$ are presented as a function of the collision centrality, particle separation in pseudo-rapidity, and transverse momentum. A clear signal compatible with a charge-dependent separation relative to the reaction plane is observed, which shows little or no collision energy dependence when compared to measurements at RHIC energies. This provides a new insight for understanding the nature of the charge dependent azimuthal correlations observed at RHIC and LHC energies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 2 to 6, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/286

Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 $< p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range $|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161

Multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Measurements of multi-particle azimuthal correlations (cumulants) for charged particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions are presented. They help address the question of whether there is evidence for global, flow-like, azimuthal correlations in the p-Pb system. Comparisons are made to measurements from the larger Pb-Pb system, where such evidence is established. In particular, the second harmonic two-particle cumulants are found to decrease with multiplicity, characteristic of a dominance of few-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions. However, when a $|\Delta \eta|$ gap is placed to suppress such correlations, the two-particle cumulants begin to rise at high-multiplicity, indicating the presence of global azimuthal correlations. The Pb-Pb values are higher than the p-Pb values at similar multiplicities. In both systems, the second harmonic four-particle cumulants exhibit a transition from positive to negative values when the multiplicity increases. The negative values allow for a measurement of $v_{2}\{4\}$ to be made, which is found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions at similar multiplicities. The second harmonic six-particle cumulants are also found to be higher in Pb-Pb collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, we generally find $v_{2}\{4\} \simeq v_{2}\{6\}\neq 0$ which is indicative of a Bessel-Gaussian function for the $v_{2}$ distribution. For very high-multiplicity Pb-Pb collisions, we observe that the four- and six-particle cumulants become consistent with 0. Finally, third harmonic two-particle cumulants in p-Pb and Pb-Pb are measured. These are found to be similar for overlapping multiplicities, when a $|\Delta\eta| > 1.4$ gap is placed.Comment: 25 pages, 11 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 20, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/87

A note on comonotonicity and positivity of the control components of decoupled quadratic FBSDE

In this small note we are concerned with the solution of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with drivers that grow quadratically in the control component (quadratic growth FBSDE or qgFBSDE). The main theorem is a comparison result that allows comparing componentwise the signs of the control processes of two different qgFBSDE. As a byproduct one obtains conditions that allow establishing the positivity of the control process.Comment: accepted for publicatio

Transverse sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias proton-proton collisions at s=0.9\sqrt{s}=0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV

Measurements of the sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$, 2.76 and 7 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC are presented. The observable is linearized to be collinear safe and is measured in the plane perpendicular to the beam direction using primary charged tracks with $p_{\rm T}\geq0.5$ GeV/c in $|\eta|\leq0.8$. The mean sphericity as a function of the charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity ($N_{\rm ch}$) is reported for events with different $p_{\rm T}$ scales ("soft" and "hard") defined by the transverse momentum of the leading particle. In addition, the mean charged particle transverse momentum versus multiplicity is presented for the different event classes, and the sphericity distributions in bins of multiplicity are presented. The data are compared with calculations of standard Monte Carlo event generators. The transverse sphericity is found to grow with multiplicity at all collision energies, with a steeper rise at low $N_{\rm ch}$, whereas the event generators show the opposite tendency. The combined study of the sphericity and the mean $p_{\rm T}$ with multiplicity indicates that most of the tested event generators produce events with higher multiplicity by generating more back-to-back jets resulting in decreased sphericity (and isotropy). The PYTHIA6 generator with tune PERUGIA-2011 exhibits a noticeable improvement in describing the data, compared to the other tested generators.Comment: 21 pages, 9 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 16, published version, figures from http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/308

Centrality dependence of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 2.76 TeV

The inclusive transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) distributions of primary charged particles are measured in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta|<0.8$ as a function of event centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The data are presented in the $p_{\rm T}$ range $0.15<p_{\rm T}<50$ GeV/$c$ for nine centrality intervals from 70-80% to 0-5%. The Pb-Pb spectra are presented in terms of the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm{AA}}$ using a pp reference spectrum measured at the same collision energy. We observe that the suppression of high-$p_{\rm T}$ particles strongly depends on event centrality. In central collisions (0-5%) the yield is most suppressed with $R_{\rm{AA}}\approx0.13$ at $p_{\rm T}=6$-7 GeV/$c$. Above $p_{\rm T}=7$ GeV/$c$, there is a significant rise in the nuclear modification factor, which reaches $R_{\rm{AA}} \approx0.4$ for $p_{\rm T}>30$ GeV/$c$. In peripheral collisions (70-80%), the suppression is weaker with $R_{\rm{AA}} \approx 0.7$ almost independently of $p_{\rm T}$. The measured nuclear modification factors are compared to other measurements and model calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 4 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 12, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/284