AMMI analysis to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic stability of sugarcane genotypes

Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) is one of the most important crops in Brazil. The high demand for sugarcane-derived products has stimulated the expansion of sugarcane cultivation in recent years, exploring different environments. The adaptability and the phenotypic stability of sugarcane genotypes in the Minas Gerais state, Brazil, were evaluated based on the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) method. We evaluated 15 genotypes (13 clones and two checks: RB867515 and RB72454) in nine environments. The average of two cuttings for the variable tons of pol per hectare (TPH) measure was used to discriminate genotypes. Besides the check RB867515 (20.44 t ha-1), the genotype RB987935 showed a high average TPH (20.71 t ha-1), general adaptability and phenotypic stability, and should be suitable for cultivation in the target region. The AMMI method allowed for easy visual identification of superior genotypes for each set of environments

Análise AMMI com dados imputados em experimentos de interação genótipo x ambiente de algodão AMMI analysis with imputed data in genotype x environment interaction experiments in cotton

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conveniência de definir o número de componentes multiplicativos dos modelos de efeitos principais aditivos com interação multiplicativa (AMMI) em experimentos de interações genótipo x ambiente de algodão com dados imputados ou desbalanceados. Um estudo de simulação foi realizado com base em uma matriz de dados reais de produtividade de algodão em caroço, obtidos em ensaios de interação genótipo x ambiente, conduzidos com 15 cultivares em 27 locais no Brasil. A simulação foi feita com retiradas aleatórias de 10, 20 e 30% dos dados. O número ótimo de componentes multiplicativos para o modelo AMMI foi determinado usando o teste de Cornelius e o teste de razão de verossimilhança sobre as matrizes completadas por imputação. Para testar as hipóteses, quando a análise é feita a partir de médias e não são disponibilizadas as repetições, foi proposta uma correção com base nas observações ausentes no teste de Cornelius. Para a imputação de dados, foram considerados métodos usando submodelos robustos, mínimos quadrados alternados e imputação múltipla. Na análise de experimentos desbalanceados, é recomendável escolher o número de componentes multiplicativos do modelo AMMI somente a partir da informação observada e fazer a estimação clássica dos parâmetros com base nas matrizes completadas por imputação.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the convenience of defining the number of multiplicative components of additive main effect and multiplicative interaction models (AMMI) in genotype x enviroment interaction experiments in cotton with imputed or unbalanced data. A simulation study was carried out based on a matrix of real seed-cotton productivity data obtained in trials with genotype x environment interaction carried out with 15 genotypes at 27 locations in Brazil. The simulation was made with random withdrawals of 10, 20 and 30% of the data. The optimal number of multiplicative components for the AMMI model was determined using the Cornelius test and the likelihood ratio test onto the matrix completed by imputation. A correction based on the data missing in the Cornelius procedure was proposed for testing the hypothesis when the analysis is made from averages and the repetitions are not available. For data imputation, the methods considered used robust submodels, alternating least squares and multiple imputation. For analysis of unbalanced experiments, it is advisable to choose the number of multiplicative components of the AMMI model only from the observed information and to make the classical estimation of parameters based on the matrices completed by imputation

Effects of alloying additions of titanium, molybdenum, silicon, hafnium and tantalum on the microstructure of iron aluminides near Fe \u3c inf\u3e 3 Al

Additions of titanium, molybdenum, silicon, hafnium and/or tantalum to FeAl alloys near the composition Fe3Al have been found to affect many microstructural features including antiphase domain size, types and crystallography of antiphase and interphase boundaries, and slip vectors. In addition, different microstructures are developed with changes in aluminum content in complex alloys containing molybdenum, titanium and hafnium. In particular, with decreasing aluminum level, the microstructure changes from a single phase D03 superlattice to a structure having elongated ordered domains with a thin layer of the disordered phase along the antiphase boundaries, and finally to a two-phase modulated structure with D03 domains aligned along 〈100〉 directions in a disordered matrix. Stabilization of the D03 structure through alloying with molybdenum and titanium causes the slip vector to change from the usually observed 〈111〉 to 〈110〉 which is in agreement with the crystallographic symmetry. © 1987