The scale grid: Some interrelations of data models

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45699/1/11336_2005_Article_BF02296299.pd

A double law of comparative judgment for the analysis of preferential choice and similarities data

By virtue of certain modifications in the Law of Comparative Judgment, equations are developed which ( i ) permit the construction of a joint scale of individuals and items, as in the case of attitude measurement, directly from their pair-comparison preferences, and ( ii ) take into account the variable of laterality which is significant for the construction of group preference scales.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45709/1/11336_2005_Article_BF02289712.pd

Testing expectation theories of decision making without measuring utility or subjective probability

Certain empirical implications of those decision-making theories which involve maximizing an expectation are derived. These implications are all measurement-free, so neither subjective probability nor utility need be measured. Two experiments are reported, the first exploratory and the second intensive and substantial. EV, EU, and SEV theory were inadequate to account for the behavior of 12% or more of the subjects in either experiment. SEU theory was inadequate in 10% or less of the cases in the first experiment and 5% of the cases in the second experiment.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33365/1/0000763.pd

On a connection between factor analysis and multidimensional unfolding

Given the preference ordering of each of a number of individuals over a set of stimuli, it is proposed that if the preference orderings are generated in a Euclidean space of r dimensions which can be recovered by unfolding the preference orderings, then a factor analysis of the correlations between individual's preference orderings will yield a space of r + 1 dimensions with the original r -space embedded in it, and the additional dimension will be one of social utility. The proposition is clearly shown to be satisfied by means of the Monte Carlo technique for both random and lattice stimuli in three dimensions and for two other examples with random stimuli in one and two dimensions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45708/1/11336_2005_Article_BF02289726.pd

Ordmet: A general algorithm for constructing all numerical solutions to ordered metric structures

The algorithm is applicable to structures such as are obtained from additive conjoint measurement designs, unfolding theory, general Fechnerian scaling, some special types of multidimensional scaling, and ordinal multiple regression. A description is obtained of the space containing all possible numerical representations which can satisfy the structure, the size and shape of which is informative. The Abelson-Tukey maximin r 2 solution is provided.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45736/1/11336_2005_Article_BF02291758.pd

A basal lithostrotian titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) with a complete skull: Implications for the evolution and paleobiology of titanosauria

We describe Sarmientosaurus musacchioi gen. et sp. nov., a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian - Turonian) Lower Member of the Bajo Barreal Formation of southern Chubut Province in central Patagonia, Argentina. The holotypic and only known specimen consists of an articulated, virtually complete skull and part of the cranial and middle cervical series. Sarmientosaurus exhibits the following distinctive features that we interpret as autapomorphies: (1) maximum diameter of orbit nearly 40% rostrocaudal length of cranium; (2) complex maxilla - lacrimal articulation, in which the lacrimal clasps the ascending ramus of the maxilla; (3) medial edge of caudal sector of maxillary ascending ramus bordering bony nasal aperture with low but distinct ridge; (4) ´tongue-like´ ventral process of quadratojugal that overlaps quadrate caudally; (5) separate foramina for all three branches of the trigeminal nerve; (6) absence of median venous canal connecting infundibular region to ventral part of brainstem; (7) subvertical premaxillary, procumbent maxillary, and recumbent dentary teeth; (8) cervical vertebrae with ´strut-like´ centroprezygapophyseal laminae; (9) extremely elongate and slender ossified tendon positioned ventrolateral to cervical vertebrae and ribs. The cranial endocast of Sarmientosaurus preserves some of the most complete information obtained to date regarding the brain and sensory systems of sauropods. Phylogenetic analysis recovers the new taxon as a basal member of Lithostrotia, as the most plesiomorphic titanosaurian to be preserved with a complete skull. Sarmientosaurus provides a wealth of new cranial evidence that reaffirms the close relationship of titanosaurs to Brachiosauridae. Moreover, the presence of the relatively derived lithostrotian Tapuiasaurus in Aptian deposits indicates that the new Patagonian genus represents a ´ghost lineage´ with a comparatively plesiomorphic craniodental form, the evolutionary history of which is missing for at least 13 million years of the Cretaceous. The skull anatomy of Sarmientosaurus suggests that multiple titanosaurian species with dissimilar cranial structures coexisted in the early Late Cretaceous of southern South America. Furthermore, the new taxon possesses a number of distinctive morphologies - such as the ossified cervical tendon, extremely pneumatized cervical vertebrae, and a habitually downward- facing snout - that have rarely, if ever, been documented in other titanosaurs, thus broadening our understanding of the anatomical diversity of this remarkable sauropod clade. The latter two features were convergently acquired by at least one penecontemporaneous diplodocoid, and may represent mutual specializations for consuming low-growing vegetation.Fil: Martínez, Rubén Darío. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Lamanna, Matthew C.. Carnegie Museum Of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Novas, Fernando Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Ridgely, Ryan C.. Ohio University College Of Osteopathic Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Casal, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Javier E.. Hospital Regional de Comodoro Rivadavia; ArgentinaFil: Vita, Javier R.. Resonancia Magnética Borelli; ArgentinaFil: Witmer, Lawrence M.. Ohio University College Of Osteopathic Medicine; Estados Unido