Atomic Resonance and Scattering

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on four research projects.Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DAAB07-71-C-0300National Science Foundation (Grant GP-28679)National Bureau of Standards (Grant NBS2-9011)U. S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Contract F44620-72-C-0057

Insulin Tolerance Test under Anaesthesia to Measure Tissue-specific Insulin-stimulated Glucose Disposal.

Insulin resistance is a pathophysiological state defined by impaired responses to insulin and is a risk factor for several metabolic diseases, most notably type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance occurs in insulin target tissues including liver, adipose and skeletal muscle. Methods such as insulin tolerance tests and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps permit assessment of insulin responses in specific tissues and allow the study of the progression and causes of insulin resistance. Here we detail a protocol for assessing insulin action in adipose and muscle tissues in anesthetized mice administered with insulin intravenously

Restoration of rotational invariance of bound states on the light front

We study bound states in a model with scalar nucleons interacting via an exchanged scalar meson using the Hamiltonian formalism on the light front. In this approach manifest rotational invariance is broken when the Fock space is truncated. By considering an effective Hamiltonian that takes into account two meson exchanges, we find that this breaking of rotational invariance is decreased from that which occurs when only one meson exchange is included. The best improvement occurs when the states are weakly bound.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, uses feynMF; changed typos, clarified use of angular momentu

Concurrent Sessions B: Fish Physiology and Fishway Passage Success - Comparative Physiology and Relative Swimming Performance of Three Redhorse (Moxostoma Spp.) Species: Associations with Fishways

Fishways have been constructed to maintain longitudinal connectivity for fish in fluvial systems impacted by barriers but there are relatively few studies of their biological effectiveness. Trend analysis of the CanFishPass fishway database showed that only 9% of Canadian fishways have been studied using methods that enable proper evaluation of biological effectiveness. A biological evaluation of the Vianney-Legendre fishway in Quebec for the passage of three redhorse species (Moxostoma anisurum, M. carinatum, M. macrolepidotum; silver, river and shorthead redhorse respectively) showed attraction efficiencies of 51%, 12%, 50%, respectively, and passage efficiencies of 88%, 50% and 69% respectively. For all species, failures in the fishway were likely to occur beforethe second turning basin in the fishway (84% of failures). Shorthead redhorse had higher maximum metabolic rates and were faster swimmers than silver and river redhorse. River redhorse recovered their lactate and glucose concentrations more quickly than silver and shorthead redhorse, and river redhorse were second in terms of metabolic recovery and swim speed. Fish sampled from the top of the fishway had nearly identical lactate, glucose and pH values compared to control fish. Additional research is required to understand how organismal performance, environmental conditions, and other factors interact with fishway designs to dictate which fish are successful and to inform research of future fishways. Our research suggests that there may be an opportunity for a rapid assessment approach where manual chasing and sampling of fish from the top of the fishway are used to determine which species (or sizes of fish) are exceeding their physiological capacity during passage

Physiology, behavior, and conservation

Many animal populations are in decline as a result of human activity. Conservation practitioners are attempting to prevent further declines and loss of biodiversity as well as to facilitate recovery of endangered species, and they often rely on interdisciplinary approaches to generate conservation solutions. Two recent interfaces in conservation science involve animal behavior (i.e., conservation behavior) and physiology (i.e., conservation physiology). To date, these interfaces have been considered separate entities, but from both pragmatic and biological perspectives, there is merit in better integrating behavior and physiology to address applied conservation problems and to inform resource management. Although there are some institutional, conceptual, methodological, and communication-oriented challenges to integrating behavior and physiology to inform conservation actions, most of these barriers can be overcome. Through outlining several successful examples that integrate these disciplines, we conclude that physiology and behavior can together generate meaningful data to support animal conservation and management actions. Tangentially, applied conservation and management problems can, in turn, also help advance and reinvigorate the fundamental disciplines of animal physiology and behavior by providing advanced natural experiments that challenge traditional frameworks

Intense high-frequency gyrotron-based microwave beams for material processing

Microwave processing of materials has traditionally utilized frequencies in the 0.915 and 2.45 GHz regions. Microwave power sources are readily available at these frequencies but the relatively long wavelengths can present challenges in uniformly heating materials. An additional difficulty is the poor coupling of ceramic based materials to the microwave energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists, working in conjunction with the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS), have assembled a high-frequency demonstration processing facility utilizing gyrotron based RF sources. The facility is primarily intended to demonstrate the unique features available at frequencies as high as 84 GHz. The authors can readily provide quasi-optical, 37 GHz beams at continuous wave (CW) power levels in the 10 kW range. They have also provided beams at 84 GHz at 10 kW CW power levels. They are presently preparing a facility to demonstrate the sintering of ceramics at 30 GHz. This paper presents an overview of the present demonstration processing facility and describes some of the features they have available now and will have available in the near future