Trichoderma aureoviride 7-121, a mutant with enhanced production of lytic enzymes: Its potential use in waste cellulose degradation and/or biocontrol

Indexación: Scopus.A mutant of the native fungus Trichoderma aureoviride, 7-121, selected for its overproduction of extracellular cellulase and β-glucosidase (cellobiase) was obtained. In shake flask cultures, production of endoglucanase, filter paper activity and cellobiase increased two to four- fold as compared with the wild type strain. The mutant strain is stable and grows rapidly in liquid as well as in solid culture media. Enzyme yields were best when pH was controlled so that it did not fall bellow pH 3.5. Cellobiase production by this mutant is particularly high (approximately 5 U/ml) as compared to other Trichoderma, strains, which makes it a suitable candidate for waste cellulose degradation. In addition, the mutant strain showed enhanced production of fungal cell wall degrading enzymes: chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases and proteases. This improvement in extracellular enzyme production by the mutant T. aureoviride 7-121 suggests that it is a suitable strain to be used in biological control.http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/index.php/ejbiotechnology/article/view/46

ESTUDIO DE CARBONES ACTIVADOS IMPREGNADOS CON QUITOSANO Y SU COMPARACIÓN CON CARBONES COMERCIALES

Activated carbons were prepared from corncob and red mombin seed and impregnated with chitosan. Field Emission Scanning Microscopy (FESEM) micrographs confirm the presence of chitosan in the activated carbon surface. Adsorptive and antibacterial properties of the prepared materials were compared with two adsorbents used in commercial water filters. Equilibrium adsorption experiments showed that the materials prepared in this study had maximum adsorption capacity to methylene blue that is comparable with those of the commercial adsorbents (between 145 and 192 mg/g). Activated carbons impregnated with chitosan exhibited higher antibacterial capacity against E. coli than the commercial adsorbents. The activated carbons prepared from corncob reach levels of reduction as higher as 96,3%. Meanwhile the commercial activated carbons had reduction values lower than 60,3%.Se obtuvieron carbones activados a partir de coronta de maíz (Zea mays) y pepa de ciruela (Spondia purpurae L.), los cuales fueron impregnados satisfactoriamente con quitosano. Las imágenes de microscopía electrónica de barrido de emisión de campo confirmaron la presencia de quitosano en cada uno de los carbones obtenidos. Las propiedades adsorbentes y capacidad antimicrobiana frente a Escherichia coli fueron estudiadas y comparadas con las propiedades de dos carbones activados utilizados en filtros comerciales para la potabilización casera de agua. Los experimentos de equilibrio, empleando azul de metileno, mostraron que los carbones activados impregnados con quitosano poseen capacidades máximas de adsorción comparables con las de los carbones comerciales evaluados (entre 145 y 192 mg/g). Los carbones activados impregnados con quitosano presentaron una mejor respuesta microbiológica que la de los carbones comerciales. Tal es así que se obtuvo una mayor reducción de Escherichia coli. Los carbones activados preparados a partir de coronta de maíz alcanzó un nivel de reducción tan alto como 96,3%. Mientras que para los carbones comerciales se tienen valores de reducción de menores a 60,3%

Medical imaging: Foundations and scope

Indexación: Scopus; Radalyc.En la actualidad es innegable la utilidad de las diversas modalidades de imagenología médica como apoyo clínico tanto en la generación de diagnósticos de un buen número de enfermedades como en la planeación de tratamientos tendientes a proporcionar una alternativa de solución a las personas que, por una u otra razón, manifiestan algún desequilibrio en su salud. Entre las modalidades imagenológicas que, frecuentemente, se utilizan en el ámbito médico se pueden mencionar: Ultrasonido (US), Resonancia Magnética (MRI), Tomografía Computarizada sencilla (CT) y multicapa (MSCT), Tomografía Computarizada por Emisión de Positrones (PET) y Tomografía Computarizada por Emisión de Fotones simples (SPECT). En este sentido, este artículo tiene como finalidad presentar una descripción ordenada, coherente y sistemática de cada una de las mencionadas modalidades y establecer la vinculación de la MSCT con situaciones clínicas íntimamente relacionadas con la anatomía cardiaca y procesos de hipertensión. La razón por la cual se hace énfasis en la MSCT es debido a que, por una parte, se cuenta con un número importante de bases de datos tanto de sujetos fisiológicos como de sujetos patológicos y, por la otra, que se tiene previsto presentar un conjunto de técnicas computacionales que serán exploradas en el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones en el contexto de aspectos anatómico-cardiológicos que influyen directa o indirectamente en la aparición, desarrollo y prevalencia de procesos hipertensivos.Nowdays, several forms of medical imaging are usefulness in clinical support for both diagnostics diseases generation and treatment planning designed to provide an alternative solution to people who, for one or another reason, manifest an imbalance in your health. Among the imaging modalities that frequently are used in the medical field may include: Ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), simple computed tomography (CT) and multilayer computed tomography (MSCT), CT positron emission tomography (PET) Computed tomography and single photon emission (SPECT). In this sense, this article presents an orderly, coherent and systematic description of these modalities and it establishes relationship with the MSCT modality and clinical situations closely related to cardiac anatomy and hypertension processes. The reason emphasis on MSCT is done is because, on the one hand, we have a large number of databases both physiological subjects and pathological subjects and, on the other, we plan to present a set of computational techniques that will be explored in future research, in the context of cardiologic anatomical aspects, with directly or indirectly influence in the emergence, development and prevalence of hypertensive processes.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990700

Targeted Drug-Resistance Testing Strategy for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Detection, Lima, Peru, 2005–2008

Running head: Targeted Drug-Resistance Testing Strategy for MDR T

Plantando, colhendo, vendendo, mas não comendo: práticas alimentares e de trabalho associadas à obesidade em agricultores familiares do Bonfim, Petrópolis, RJ.

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de obesidade entre adultos das 86 famílias agricultoras de um bairro de Petrópolis, RJ, e analisar seus determinantes socioculturais. Métodos: estudo quantitativo e qualitativo sobre nutrição, práticas alimentares e de trabalho realizado em 2008. Dados antropométricos foram coletados por inquérito nutricional domiciliar e o material qualitativo por observação participante e entrevistas. Resultados: a prevalência de obesidade foi baixa (9,3%) entre os homens, mas bastante elevada entre as mulheres (29,9%). A prática agrícola local implica em atividade física leve para mulheres e intensa para homens. Essa diferença não é acompanhada na dieta, semelhante para homens e mulheres, com predomínio de alimentos de alto valor calórico. A produção familiar objetiva essencialmente a venda. A agricultura mercantil e a decorrente especialização dos cultivos favorecem comprar alimentos no mercado em vez de produzir para autoconsumo. Conclusão: os aspectos socioculturais e ocupacionais estudados podem ter contribuído para elevar a prevalência de obesidade nas mulheres e podem ser úteis no estudo de outros grupos com características semelhantes. Esta pesquisa ratifica a importância de estudar a obesidade em nível local, integrando abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas para identificar possíveis limitações e portas de entrada para ações de intervenção localmente relevantes

Gender gap in parental leave intentions: Evidence from 37 countries

This is the final version. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record. Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.SSHRC Insight Development GrantSSHRC Insight GrantEconomic and Social Research CouncilState Research AgencyGuangdong 13th-five Philosophy and Social Science Planning ProjectNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaSwiss National Science FoundationSwiss National Science FoundationCenter for Social Conflict and Cohesion StudiesCenter for Intercultural and Indigenous ResearchSSHRC Postdoctoral FellowshipSlovak Research and Development AgencySwiss National Science FoundationCanada Research ChairsSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaOntario Ministry of Research and InnovationHSE University, RFFaculty of Arts, Masaryk Universit

Mortality of emergency abdominal surgery in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low- or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI). Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression. Results: Data were obtained for 10 745 patients from 357 centres in 58 countries; 6538 were from high-, 2889 from middle- and 1318 from low-HDI settings. The overall mortality rate was 1⋅6 per cent at 24 h (high 1⋅1 per cent, middle 1⋅9 per cent, low 3⋅4 per cent; P < 0⋅001), increasing to 5⋅4 per cent by 30 days (high 4⋅5 per cent, middle 6⋅0 per cent, low 8⋅6 per cent; P < 0⋅001). Of the 578 patients who died, 404 (69⋅9 per cent) did so between 24 h and 30 days following surgery (high 74⋅2 per cent, middle 68⋅8 per cent, low 60⋅5 per cent). After adjustment, 30-day mortality remained higher in middle-income (odds ratio (OR) 2⋅78, 95 per cent c.i. 1⋅84 to 4⋅20) and low-income (OR 2⋅97, 1⋅84 to 4⋅81) countries. Surgical safety checklist use was less frequent in low- and middle-income countries, but when used was associated with reduced mortality at 30 days. Conclusion: Mortality is three times higher in low- compared with high-HDI countries even when adjusted for prognostic factors. Patient safety factors may have an important role. Registration number: NCT02179112 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Relativistic dust accretion onto a scale-dependent polytropic black hole

In this work we study steady and spherical relativistic dust accretion onto a static and spherically symmetric scale-dependent black hole. In particular we consider a polytropic scale-dependent black hole as a central object and obtain that the radial velocity profile and the energy density are affected when scale-dependence of the central object is taken into account and such a deviation is controlled by the so called running parameters of the scale-dependence models

Higher Education and Training in Interdisciplinary Entrepreneurship: A Study Case

La investigación que se presenta analiza desde el paradigma positivista deductivo-lógico, la relación entre la interdisciplinariedad de equipos emprendedores, y las evaluaciones sobre innovación e impacto en la sociedad de ideas de negocio propuestas por una muestra de 540 estudiantes universitarios agrupados en 116 equipos (formados por 4 o 5 estudiantes). Se calcula el Índice de Variación Cualitativa (IQV) para determinar el nivel de interdisciplinariedad de los equipos. Para el contraste de hipótesis de asociación entre las variables independientes y dependientes se emplea análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Después de confirmar la existencia de diferencias significativas, se aplica la prueba Post-hoc para establecer los niveles donde se hallaban dichas diferencias. Se concluye que el promedio de la evaluación obtenido en innovación y el impacto social de la ideas de negocios es significativamente mayor en los grupos con mayor nivel de interdisciplinariedad, que en los conformados por estudiantes de la misma disciplina.This research analyzes from a deductive-logical positivist paradigm, the relationship between interdisciplinary of teams of entrepreneurs and the evaluation of innovation and impact on society of business ideas proposed by a sample of 540 university students grouped in 116 teams (formed by 4 or 5 students). Index of Qualitative Variation (IQV) is calculated to determine the level of interdisciplinary teams. To test the hypothesis of association between the independent variable and dependent variable the statistical technique analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. After checking that there are significant differences the Post-hoc multiple comparisons test is applied, to determine the levels where such differences occurred. It is concluded that average evaluation obtained in innovation and the impact on society of the business ideas is significantly higher in the groups with higher level of interdisciplinary, than in those that are conformed by students of the same discipline