553 research outputs found
Prevalence, characteristics and management of headache experienced by people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: a cross sectional cohort study
Objective: Headache is the most common type of pain reported by people with schizophrenia. This study aimed to establish prevalence, characteristics and management of these headache.
Method: One-hundred participants with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder completed a reliable and valid headache questionnaire. Two clinicians independently classified each headache as migraine (MH), tension-type (TTH), cervicogenic (CGH) or other (OH).
Results: The twelve-month prevalence of headache (57%) was higher than the general population (46%) with no evidence of a relationship between psychiatric clinical characteristics and presence of headache. Prevalence of CGH (5%) and MH (18%) was comparable to the general population. TTH (16%) had a lower prevalence and 19% of participant’s experienced OH. No-one with MH was prescribed migraine specific medication, no-one with CGH and TTH received best-practice treatment
Conclusion: Headache is a common complaint in people with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder with most fitting recognised diagnostic criteria for which effective interventions are available. No-one in this sample was receiving best-practice care for their headache
Wave turbulence in the two-layer ocean model
This paper looks at the two-layer ocean model from a wave turbulence
perspective. A symmetric form of the two-layer kinetic equation for Rossby
waves is derived using canonical variables, allowing the turbulent cascade of
energy between the barotropic and baroclinic modes to be studied. It turns out
that energy is transferred via local triad interactions from the large-scale
baroclinic modes to the baroclinic and barotropic modes at the Rossby
deformation scale. From there it is then transferred to the large-scale
barotropic modes via a nonlocal inverse transfer. Using scale separation a sys-
tem of coupled equations were obtained for the small-scale baroclinic component
and the large-scale barotropic component. Since the total energy of the
small-scale component is not conserved, but the total barotropic plus
baroclinic energy is conserved, the baroclinic energy loss at small scales will
be compensated by the growth of the barotropic energy at large scales. It is
found that this transfer is mostly anisotropic and mostly to the zonal
component
Breakdown of Kolmogorov scaling in models of cluster aggregation with deposition
The steady state of the model of cluster aggregation with deposition is
characterized by a constant flux of mass directed from small masses towards
large masses. It can therefore be studied using phenomenological theories of
turbulence, such as Kolmogorov's 1941 theory. On the other hand, the large
scale behavior of the aggregation model in dimensions lower than or equal to
two is governed by a perturbative fixed point of the renormalization group
flow, which enables an analytic study of the scaling properties of correlation
functions in the steady state. In this paper, we show that the correlation
functions have multifractal scaling, which violates linear Kolmogorov scaling.
The analytical results are verified by Monte Carlo simulations.Comment: 5 pages 4 figure
Superlong GRBs
We searched for anomalously long GRBs (GRBs) in the archival records of the
Burst and Transient Sources Experiment (BATSE). Ten obvious superlong (>500 s)
GRBs with almost continuous emission episodes were found. Nine of these events
are known from the BATSE catalog, but five have no duration estimates; we found
one burst for the first time. We also detected events with emission episodes
separated by a long period of silence (up to 1000 s) with a total duration of
1000--2000 s. In the latter case, we cannot reach an unequivocal conclusion
about a common origin of the episodes due to the BATSE poor angular resolution.
However, for most of these pairs, the probability of a coincidence of
independent GRBs is much lower than unity, and the probability that all of
these are coincidences is 10E-8. All of the events have a hardness ratio (the
ratio of the count rates in different energy channels) typical of GRBs, and
their unique duration is unlikely to be related to their high redshifts.
Superlong bursts do not differ in their properties from typical long (>2 s)
GRBs. We estimated the fraction of superlong GRBs (>500 s) among the long GRBs
in the BATSE sample with fluxes up to 0.1 ph cm^{-2} s^{-1} to be between 0.3
and 0.5%, which is higher than the estimate based on the BATSE catalog.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, translation is made by Astronomy
Letter
Top 10 research questions to promote physical activity in bipolar disorders: A consensus statement from the International Organization of Physical Therapists in Mental Health
Background: Research has only recently started to consider the importance and applicability of physical activity (PA) for people with bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of the current study is to highlight 10 pertinent PA research questions in people with BD.
Methods: The International Organization of Physical Therapy in Mental Health executed a consultation with all National organizations (n=13) to identify the most salient questions to guide future research on PA in BD.
Results: We identified the following 10 questions: (1) What are the benefits of PA for people with BD? (2) What are the most prominent safety issues for PA prescription in BD? (3) What is the optimal PA prescription for people with BD? (4) What are the key barriers to PA among people with BD? (5) What are the most effective motivational strategies for ensuring PA adoption and maintenance in BD? (6) How do we translate PA research into community practice? (7) If one treatment goal is increased physical activity, what type of professionals are needed as part of a multidisciplinary team? (8) How do we incorporate PA as a vital sign in clinical practice? (9) How can we prevent sedentary behavior in BD? (10) What is the most appropriate PA assessment method?
Limitations: We did not consult people with BD.
Conclusions: Addressing these questions is critical for developing evidence-based approaches for promoting and sustaining an active lifestyle in BD. Ultimately, achieving this will reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and improve the quality of life of this population
Condensation of classical nonlinear waves
We study the formation of a large-scale coherent structure (a condensate) in
classical wave equations by considering the defocusing nonlinear Schr\"odinger
equation as a representative model. We formulate a thermodynamic description of
the condensation process by using a wave turbulence theory with ultraviolet
cut-off. In 3 dimensions the equilibrium state undergoes a phase transition for
sufficiently low energy density, while no transition occurs in 2 dimensions, in
analogy with standard Bose-Einstein condensation in quantum systems. Numerical
simulations show that the thermodynamic limit is reached for systems with
computational modes and greater. On the basis of a modified wave
turbulence theory, we show that the nonlinear interaction makes the transition
to condensation subcritical. The theory is in quantitative agreement with the
simulations
GRB 110709A, 111117A and 120107A: Faint high-energy gamma-ray photon emission from Fermi/LAT observations and demographic implications
Launched on June 11, 2008, the LAT instrument onboard the Gamma-ray
Space Telescope has provided a rare opportunity to study high energy photon
emission from gamma-ray bursts. Although the majority of such events (27) have
been iden tified by the Fermi LAT Collaboration, four were uncovered by using
more sensiti ve statistical techniques (Akerlof et al 2010, Akerlof et al 2011,
Zheng et al 2 012). In this paper, we continue our earlier work by finding
three more GRBs ass ociated with high energy photon emission, GRB 110709A,
111117A and 120107A. To s ystematize our matched filter approach, a pipeline
has been developed to identif y these objects in near real time. GRB 120107A is
the first product of this anal ysis procedure. Despite the reduced threshold
for identification, the number of GRB events has not increased significantly.
This relative dearth of events with low photon number prompted a study of the
apparent photon number distribution. W e find an extremely good fit to a simple
power-law with an exponent of -1.8 0.3 for the differential
distribution. As might be expected, there is a substa ntial correlation between
the number of lower energy photons detected by the GBM and the number observed
by the LAT. Thus, high energy photon emission is associ ated with some but not
all of the brighter GBM events. Deeper studies of the pro perties of the small
population of high energy emitting bursts may eventually yi eld a better
understanding of these entire phenomena.Comment: accepted to Ap
The Gamma Ray Burst section of the White Paper on the Status and Future of Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy: A Brief Preliminary Report
Original paper can be found at: http://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings/ Copyright American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2943545otherPeer reviewe
A Search for Ultra-High Energy Counterparts to Gamma-Ray Bursts
A small air shower array operating over many years has been used to search
for ultra-high energy (UHE) gamma radiation ( TeV) associated with
gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the BATSE instrument on the Compton
Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO). Upper limits for a one minute interval after each
burst are presented for seven GRBs located with zenith angles . A excess over background was observed between 10 and
20 minutes following the onset of a GRB on 11 May 1991. The confidence level
that this is due to a real effect and not a background fluctuation is 99.8\%.
If this effect is real then cosmological models are excluded for this burst
because of absorption of UHE gamma rays by the intergalactic radiation fields.Comment: 4 pages LaTeX with one postscript figure. This version does not use
kluwer.sty and will allow automatic postscript generatio
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