Exploring the relation between technology and growth: The Spanish experience.

The New Growth Theory has put the issue of endogenous technical change back into the center of attention. Although the statistical material available to the researcher wanting to investigate the economic influence of technological innovation is not very adequate, the aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of the technological change on long run growth in Spanish regions by means of the statistical analysis. Using a panel data for Spanish regions, we apply some econometric exercises to assess the significance of the relationship between technology and growth.

The Dynamics of Entrepreneurship: Hysteresis, Business Cycles and Government Policy

This paper estimates an unobserved components model to explore the macro dynamics of entrepreneurship in Spain and the US. We ask whether entrepreneurship exhibits hysteresis, defined as a macro dynamic structure in which cyclical fluctuations have persistent effects on the natural rate of entrepreneurship. We find evidence of hysteresis in Spain, but not the US, while in both countries business cycle output variations significantly affect future rates of entrepreneurship. The article discusses implications of the findings for the design of entrepreneurship policies.hysteresis, unobserved components model, time series models, business cycles, self-employment, entrepreneurship

Unraveling the relationship between firm size and economic development: The roles of embodied and disembodied technological progress

In the last decade, an increasing body of literature has studied the relation between economic development and the rate of independent entrepreneurship. For several developed countries, this relation seems to have changed from a negative relation into a positive one. However, the role of technology, and in particular the roles of embodied and disembodied technological progress, in shaping this relation has not yet been established. We estimate a model, based on Lucas (1978), able to disentangle the roles of both these types of technological progress in determining average firm size (a concept closely but inversely related to the rate of independent entrepreneurship) for 23 OECD countries over the period 1972-2008. Our estimations allow us to establish, for each country, the relative importance of embodied technological change, vis-�-vis disembodied technological change, in determining average firm size. Our results suggest that, notwithstanding the rise of independent entrepreneurship observed in many countries over the last few decades, economies of scale and scope (embodied technological change) continue to play an important role in many advanced economies.�

Long-run neutrality of money and inflation in Spanish economy, 1830-1998

33 p.In this article, we test a classical model of ináation with rational expectations for the case of Spain during the period 1830ñ1998. The principal testable implication is that money growth and ináation are cointegrated ruling out speculative bubbles. First, to detect episodes of potential explosive behaviour in the Spanish ináation rate, we use the recursive unit root tests for explosiveness recently proposed by Phillips, Wu, and Yu (2011), and Phillips, Shi, and Yu (2015a,b). Second, we consider the possibility that a linear cointegrated regression model with multiple structural changes would provide a good empirical description of the classical model of ináation for Spain over this long period. Our methodology is based on the instability tests recently proposed in Kejriwal and Perron (2008, 2010) as well as the cointegration tests developed in Arai and Kurozumi (2007) and Kejriwal (2008)

The value of an educated population for an individual's entrepreneurship success

Human capital obtained through education has been shown to be one of the strongest drivers of entrepreneurship performance. The entrepreneur’s human capital, though, is only one of the input factors into the production process of her venture. In this paper we will analyze to what extent the education levels of other (potential) stakeholders affect the entrepreneur’s performance. The education level of consumers may shape the demand function for an entrepreneur’s output, whereas the education level of employees may affect the entrepreneur’s productivity and thereby shape her supply function. Based on this, we hypothesize that the performance of an entrepreneur is not only affected positively by her own education level but in addition, also by the education level of the population. We find empirical support for this hypothesis using an eight years (1994-2001) panel of labor market participants in the EU-15 countries. An implication of our finding is that entrepreneurship and higher education policies should be considered in tandem with each other.

El problema de desempleo en la economía andaluza (1990-2001): análisis de la transición desde la educación al mercado laboral

In this paper we examine some differential facts of the Andalusian labour market in comparison with the Spanish one, concentrating on the higher incidence of youth unemployment in Andalusia. Our results show that the probability that the Andalusian young workers quickly find their first significant employment is much lower than that of the rest of Spaniards. We find clear evidence that the main effects upon this probability are that of the business cycle, of individual education and also of parents educational attainment. Furthermore, the effect of this variable is much larger in Andalusia than in the rest of Spain, what we interpret as evidence about channels of information in Andalusia being more imperfect. Finally, we find some evidence that an university degree contribute less to have a lower expected unemployment duration in Andalusia than in the rest of Spain.duration analysis, unemployment duration, marital sorting

Testing for Hysteresis in Entrepreneurship in 23 OECD Countries

We explore the macro structure of entrepreneurship rates in a panel of 23 OECD countries over 1972-2006. We find that rates of entrepreneurship in OECD’s countries exhibit persistence rather than hysteresis. Implications for the design of entrepreneurship policies are discussed

Tratamiento informativo del fenómeno de las drogas en televisión. Análisis de “Equipo de Investigación”

Diversos medios de comunicación han trabajado durante largo tiempo para establecer unas pautas respecto al tratamiento de las drogas en la labor diaria de las informaciones periodísticas. Con la ayuda de códigos, manuales de estilo y otras iniciativas fomentadas por el gobierno, se han establecido unas bases a seguir a la hora de cubrir informaciones referidas al entorno de la droga. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar si el programa de televisión Equipo de Investigación lleva a cabo un seguimiento correcto y riguroso de esta temática o si, por el contrario, hace un uso inadecuado del formato televisivo mediante la inclusión de estereotipos y argumentos subjetivos o la espectacularización de la información. Para este fin se han analizado, a través del método del análisis de contenido, 19 reportajes emitidos durante un periodo de siete años (2011- 2018). Las conclusiones del trabajo confirman que el empleo de marcos de representación y las fuentes necesarias para cada uno de ellos no es equitativo. Las recomendaciones deontológicas no se siguen en todos los casos, además es apenas imperceptible la inclusión de informaciones vinculadas a labores de prevención o que ofrezcan una nueva perspectiva sobre el problema de la drogodependencia. Tampoco se aprecia una adaptación del marco sanitario en la dinámica del programa.Several mass media have worked for a long time to establish guidelines regarding the treatment of drugs in the daily work of journalistic information. With the help of codes, style guides and other initiatives promoted by the government, rules have been established to follow in cases where journalists cover information related to drugs. The main objective of this work is to analyze whether the television program Equipo de Investigación carries out a correct and rigorous follow-up of this topic or if, on the contrary, it makes an inappropriate use of the television format by including stereotypes and subjective arguments or the spectacularization of information. For this purpose, 19 reports published during a seven-year period (2011-2018) have been analyzed through the content analysis method. The conclusions of the work confirm that the use of representation frameworks and the necessary sources for each of them is not equitable. Deontological recommendations are not followed in all cases and it is also barely noticeable the inclusion of information related to prevention work or offering a new perspective on the problem of drug dependence. It is not easy to see the adaptation of the health framework in the dynamics of the program.Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Periodism

The Dynamics of Entrepreneurship: Hysteresis, Business Cycles and Government Policy

This paper estimates an unobserved components model to explore the macro dynamics of entrepreneurship in Spain and the US. We ask whether entrepreneurship exhibits hysteresis, defined as a macro dynamic structure in which business cycle fluctuations have persistent effects on the natural rate of entrepreneurship. We find evidence of hysteresis in Spain, but not the US, while in both countries business cycle output variations significantly affect future rates of entrepreneurship. The article discusses implications of the findings for the design of entrepreneurship policies