PEASANT LOGIC, AGRARIAN POLICY, LAND MOBILITY, AND LAND MARKETS IN MEXICO

Mexican rural reform has questioned the role of the peasantry and private national producers in agriculture. The reform followed a neoliberal paradigm for incorporating the nation into the global village. As part of a government strategy, land reform in Mexico aims to change entrepreneurial and land tenure patterns in rural areas into an individual, private, large-scale, and capitalist productive structure, and the land market is vital in allowing the land transfers needed to change the land tenure pattern. Alternative land reforms favor a smallholding structure, and many academics, peasant and indigenous organizations, and even government officials, now favor structural changes that are related to the factors of production in rural Mexico and to the historical construction of the nation. This paper argues that the land market should have a vital role in an agrarian reform that favors the peasantry and indigenous people. There is a need to understand the peasants and indigenous people's logic, rationality and subjective construction of land, for land is the foundation of their survival strategies. The land market can answer to values that have deep cultural roots. The modernization of rural Mexico could be more inclusive, and the land reform strategy could be designed from the bottom to the top and consider the diversity of the rural communities

PEASANT LOGIC, AGRARIAN POLICY, LAND MOBILITY, AND LAND MARKETS IN MEXICO

Mexican rural reform has questioned the role of the peasantry and private national producers in agriculture. The reform followed a neoliberal paradigm for incorporating the nation into the global village. As part of a government strategy, land reform in Mexico aims to change entrepreneurial and land tenure patterns in rural areas into an individual, private, large-scale, and capitalist productive structure, and the land market is vital in allowing the land transfers needed to change the land tenure pattern. Alternative land reforms favor a smallholding structure, and many academics, peasant and indigenous organizations, and even government officials, now favor structural changes that are related to the factors of production in rural Mexico and to the historical construction of the nation. This paper argues that the land market should have a vital role in an agrarian reform that favors the peasantry and indigenous people. There is a need to understand the peasants and indigenous people's logic, rationality and subjective construction of land, for land is the foundation of their survival strategies. The land market can answer to values that have deep cultural roots. The modernization of rural Mexico could be more inclusive, and the land reform strategy could be designed from the bottom to the top and consider the diversity of the rural communities.Peasantry--Mexico--Economic conditions, Land use, Rural--Social aspects--Mexico, Land use, Rural--Economic aspects--Mexico, Farms, Small--Purchasing--Mexico, Land titles--Registration and transfer--Economic aspects--Mexico, Land markets--Mexico, Land Economics/Use,

Medicinal cannabis: Pharmaceutical forms and recent analytical methodologies

The use and study of medicinal cannabis is growing in accordance with the changes in the laws of many countries, along with the technological advances that allowed expanding the knowledge about its multiple pharmacological properties. Exhaustive studies on the pharmacological effects of the different Cannabis sativa constituents are of great importance due to the high impact that this ancient plant has on biological systems. Besides, the pharmaceutical form used for their administration is one of the relevant factors determining the absorption of phytocannabinoids by the human body, the physiological effects and their behaviour in relation to the nature of the analysed organic matrices, either for medicinal or legal purposes. This chapter summarizes the activity of phytocannabinoids on their specific receptors in mammals and the processes that they undergo in the body. The traditional and novel pharmaceutical formulations and the analytical methodologies to evaluate the organic matrices exposed to cannabis are also reviewed.Fil: Ramirez, Cristina Lujan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Fanovich, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Churio, Maria Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas de Mar del Plata; Argentin

La actualidad de la reforma agraria en América Latina y El Caribe

Faltaba un libro sobre la actualidad de la reforma agraria en América Latina y el Caribe. Los estudiosos y los elaboradores de políticas de desarrollo de la agricultura en el continente latinoamericano carecían de una visión de conjunto para la innovación en las investigaciones y en las políticas públicas. Conocer las semejanzas y las diferencias de la cuestión agraria es fundamental para comprender la permanente lucha por la tierra, los avances y retrocesos de las agriculturas campesinas, indígenas y quilombolas en las disputas territoriales con el agronegocio. Antes, se tenía solamente una visión de las experiencias de luchas populares y políticas de reforma agraria referentes al propio país. Ahora, podemos conocer estas realidades en los estudios sobre Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Cuba, México, Paraguay y tener una visión amplia en los artículos sobre América Latina. La actualidad de la reforma agraria presentada en este libro demuestra que las luchas de los pueblos del campo avanzan determinadas por las coyunturas políticas y económicas. En períodos de gobiernos neoliberales ocurre el fortalecimiento del agronegocio y en períodos post-neoliberales también hay un fortalecimiento de la agricultura familiar. Este libro traza una visión histórica de este proceso y es resultado de profundas y extensas investigaciones presentadas en las reuniones del Grupo de Trabajo CLACSO: Desarrollo Rural: Campesinado, Disputas Territoriales y Decolonialidad

Patients with Crohn's disease have longer post-operative in-hospital stay than patients with colon cancer but no difference in complications' rate

BACKGROUNDRight hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection are used to treat benign conditions like Crohn's disease (CD) and malignant ones like colon cancer (CC).AIMTo investigate differences in pre- and peri-operative factors and their impact on post-operative outcome in patients with CC and CD.METHODSThis is a sub-group analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology's prospective, multi-centre snapshot audit. Adult patients with CC and CD undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection were included. Primary outcome measure was 30-d post-operative complications. Secondary outcome measures were post-operative length of stay (LOS) at and readmission.RESULTSThree hundred and seventy-five patients with CD and 2,515 patients with CC were included. Patients with CD were younger (median = 37 years for CD and 71 years for CC (P < 0.01), had lower American Society of Anesthesiology score (ASA) grade (P < 0.01) and less comorbidity (P < 0.01), but were more likely to be current smokers (P < 0.01). Patients with CD were more frequently operated on by colorectal surgeons (P < 0.01) and frequently underwent ileocecal resection (P < 0.01) with higher rate of de-functioning/primary stoma construction (P < 0.01). Thirty-day post-operative mortality occurred exclusively in the CC group (66/2515, 2.3%). In multivariate analyses, the risk of post-operative complications was similar in the two groups (OR 0.80, 95%CI: 0.54-1.17; P = 0.25). Patients with CD had a significantly longer LOS (Geometric mean 0.87, 95%CI: 0.79-0.95; P < 0.01). There was no difference in re-admission rates. The audit did not collect data on post-operative enhanced recovery protocols that are implemented in the different participating centers.CONCLUSIONPatients with CD were younger, with lower ASA grade, less comorbidity, operated on by experienced surgeons and underwent less radical resection but had a longer LOS than patients with CC although complication's rate was not different between the two groups

La actualidad de la reforma agraria en América Latina y El Caribe

Faltaba un libro sobre la actualidad de la reforma agraria en América Latina y el Caribe. Los estudiosos y los elaboradores de políticas de desarrollo de la agricultura en el continente latinoamericano carecían de una visión de conjunto para la innovación en las investigaciones y en las políticas públicas. Conocer las semejanzas y las diferencias de la cuestión agraria es fundamental para comprender la permanente lucha por la tierra, los avances y retrocesos de las agriculturas campesinas, indígenas y quilombolas en las disputas territoriales con el agronegocio. Antes, se tenía solamente una visión de las experiencias de luchas populares y políticas de reforma agraria referentes al propio país. Ahora, podemos conocer estas realidades en los estudios sobre Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Cuba, México, Paraguay y tener una visión amplia en los artículos sobre América Latina. La actualidad de la reforma agraria presentada en este libro demuestra que las luchas de los pueblos del campo avanzan determinadas por las coyunturas políticas y económicas. En períodos de gobiernos neoliberales ocurre el fortalecimiento del agronegocio y en períodos post-neoliberales también hay un fortalecimiento de la agricultura familiar. Este libro traza una visión histórica de este proceso y es resultado de profundas y extensas investigaciones presentadas en las reuniones del Grupo de Trabajo CLACSO: Desarrollo Rural: Campesinado, Disputas Territoriales y Decolonialidad