Spoken Thesaurus: Sorrow

The Hindi Thesaurus addresses such questions in a series of lively, unscripted Hindi-medium conversations about groups of words of related meaning. Concentrating on selected mainstream words and phrases, we help you to broaden your active vocabulary by encountering styles of language appropriate for everyday speech. The conversations are between Rupert Snell (Hindi teacher and perpetual Hindi learner) and Neha Ladha (mother-tongue speaker of Hindi). Glossaries for each podcast can be read online or downloaded in PDF format. (Length: 7:49)Asian Studie

Cooperative Agricultural Operations of Aerial and Ground Unmanned Vehicles

Precision agriculture comprises a set of technologies that combines sensors, information systems, enhanced machinery, and informed management to optimize production by accounting for variability and uncertainties within agricultural systems. Autonomous ground and aerial vehicle can lead to favorable improvements in management by performing in-field tasks in a time-effective way. Greater benefits can be achieved by allowing cooperation and collaborative action among Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs). A multi-phase approach is here proposed, where each unmanned vehicle involved has been conceived and will be designed to implement innovative solutions for automated navigation and infield operations within a complex irregular and unstructured scenario as vineyards in sloped terrains

Cooperation of unmanned systems for agricultural applications: A theoretical framework

Agriculture 4.0 comprises a set of technologies that combines sensors, information systems, enhanced machinery, and informed management with the objective of optimising production by accounting for variabilities and uncertainties within agricultural systems. Autonomous ground and aerial vehicles can lead to favourable improvements in management by performing in-field tasks in a time-effective way. In particular, greater benefits can be achieved by allowing cooperation and collaborative action among unmanned vehicles, both aerial and ground, to perform in-field operations in precise and time-effective ways. In this work, the preliminary and crucial step of analysing and understanding the technical and methodological challenges concerning the main problems involved is performed. An overview of the agricultural scenarios that can benefit from using collaborative machines and the corresponding cooperative schemes typically adopted in this framework are presented. A collection of kinematic and dynamic models for different categories of autonomous aerial and ground vehicles is provided, which represents a crucial step in understanding the vehicles behaviour when full autonomy is desired. Last, a collection of the state-of-the-art technologies for the autonomous guidance of drones is provided, summarising their peculiar characteristics, and highlighting their advantages and shortcomings with a specific focus on the Agriculture 4.0 framework. A companion paper reports the application of some of these techniques in a complete case study in sloped vineyards, applying the proposed multi-phase collaborative scheme introduced here

Energy performance and climate control in mechanically ventilated greenhouses: A dynamic modelling-based assessment and investigation

Controlled environment agriculture in greenhouse is a promising solution for meeting the increasing food demand of world population. The accurate control of the indoor environmental conditions proper of greenhouses enhances high crop productivity but, contemporarily, it entails considerable energy consumption due to the adoption of mechanical systems. This work presents a new modelling approach for estimating the energy consumption for climate control of mechanically ventilated greenhouses. The novelty of the proposed energy model lies in its integrated approach in simulating the greenhouse dynamics, considering the dynamic thermal and hygric behaviour of the building and the dynamic response of the cultivated crops to the variation of the solar radiation. The presented model simulates the operation of the systems and the energy performance, considering also the variable angular speed fans that are a new promising energy-efficient technology for this productive sector. The main outputs of the model are the hourly thermal and electrical energy use for climate control and the main indoor environmental conditions. The presented modelling approach was validated against a dataset acquired in a case study of a new fully mechanically controlled greenhouse during a long-term monitoring campaign. The present work contributes to increase the knowledge about the dynamics and the energy consumption of greenhouses, and it can be a valuable decision support tool for industry, farmers, and researchers to properly address an energy efficiency optimisation in mechanically ventilated greenhouses to reach the overall objective of decreasing the rising energy consumption of the agricultural sector

Relevamiento y sistematización de instrumentos de promoción de la investigación y desarrollo de las universidades de la Asociación de Universidad del Grupo Montevideo (AUGM)

El trabajo presenta resultados de un relevamiento realizado con el fin de sistematizar las principales características de los instrumentos de promoción de la I+D que se implementan en el núcleo de Universidad de la AUGM. Tal caracterización persigue un doble objetivo, por un lado conocer la diversidad de modalidades de promoción de la I+D que se da entre las universidades, y por el otro establecer el origen de los fondos que se canalizan en los diversos instrumentos. Con el primero de los objetivos se busca conocer la heterogeneidad de instrumentos que existen entre las Universidades del grupo, teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de los objetivos que los mismos persiguen, su modalidad de implementación y los mecanismos de evaluación previstos. Con el segundo de los objetivos, se pretende establecer las distintas fuentes de financiamientos que utilizan las Universidades para la promoción de la I+D. Para ello, el trabajo se divide en tres secciones y unas breves conclusiones. En la primera sección se realiza un breve presentación de la AUGM y de los objetivos del proyecto en el cual se realizó el relevamiento. En la segunda sección se analizan las principales características e los instrumentos, teniendo en cuenta los objetivos, la modalidad de implementación y los mecanismos de evaluación, en tanto que en la tercera sección se analizan las distintas fuentes de financiamiento, prestando especial atención a si los fondos provienen de la propia universidad, o si por el contrario, las fuentes de financiamiento son exógenas, en cuyo caso se establece el origen (sector gobierno, privado, etc.). Al final, unas breves conclusiones destacan los principales puntos del análisis. Todos los datos presentados son el resultado de un trabajo de campo (encuestas y entrevistas) aplicadas a las áreas de gestión de I+D de Universidades de AUGM, actividades que se enmarcan en un Proyecto de Promoción de la Universidad Argentina (PPUA).Fil: Comba, Daniel A.. Universidad Nacional del LitoralFil: Carrel, Lucila. Universidad Nacional del LitoralFil: Barros de Barros, Fabiana. Universidad de Melbourne (Australia)Fil: Hynes, Erica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

Combined Endo-restorative Treatment of a Traumatized Central Incisor: A Five-year Follow-up

Purpose: The management of complicated crown-root fractures is challenging for endodontic restoration. The present case describes a patient who sustained trauma to the maxillary right central incisor. Materials and Methods: Clinical and radiographic examination showed a complicated crown-root fracture and incomplete root development with periapical radiolucency and inadequate endodontic treatment with overfilling. Orthograde retreatment with MTA apical closure combined with a microsurgical approach to remove of extruded material was performed. Coronal sealing was accomplished with a direct adhesive restoration and marginal relocation. Results: A 5-year follow-up showed complete healing of the periapical lesion and correct preservation of function and esthetic parameters. Conclusion: A modern minimally invasive treatment protocol allows the maximum conservation of residual dental tissues