Aislamiento e identificación de bacterias vinculadas a mastitis bovina en leche cruda comercializada por el tambo Complejo Agropecuario Casilda

La mastitis es una patología habitual en los rodeos lecheros y constituye una importante causa de pérdidas productivas y de rentabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar e identificar por pruebas fenotípicas microorganismos asociados a mastitis subclínica y clínica en leche cruda. El trabajo fue realizado en un tambo de 40 vacas Holando Argentino en ordeñe y con una producción promedio anual de entre 18 y 22 litros por vaca por día. El muestreo se realizó por treinta días consecutivos tomando una muestra diaria. Las mismas fueron sembradas en agar sangre, manitol salado, agar Levine Eosina-Azul de Metileno, TKT y agar Tripticasa Soya. Primero se hizo una clasificación por medio de la coloración de Gram, luego para las primeras se usaron pruebas de catalasa, coagulasa y CAMP; y para las Gram negativas las pruebas fueron UREA, Sulfide-Indole-Motility, Triple SugarIron Agar, Citrato de Simmons, LisynIron Agar, Rojo de Metilo-VogesProskauer. Los resultados revelaron que las bacterias aisladas que aparecieron con mayor frecuencia (100%, totalidad de los muestreos) fueron Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. (uberis o disgalactiae) y agalactiae, Escherichia coli y Enterobacter cloacae; medianamente frecuente Hafnia alvei; poco frecuente Citrobacter spp y no se identificó en ningún muestreo el género Pseudomonae. Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus agalactiae son considerados patógenos causantes de mastitis contagiosa evidenciando que en el rodeo en estudio había vacas infectadas. Deberá trabajarse en la implementación de un control bacteriológico periódico de leche cruda sumado al recuento de células somáticas para utilizarlo como control de vacas infectadas y que pueden generar mastitis clínicas y subclínicas, patologías que ocasionan pérdidas económicas importantes. Además, debe también ponerse especial atención en hacer conocer el impacto de la higiene sobre esta enfermedad, práctica que permite tener controlada una mastitis de tipo medio ambiental.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV

Aislamiento e identificación de bacterias vinculadas a mastitis bovina en leche cruda comercializada por el tambo Complejo Agropecuario Casilda

La mastitis es una patología habitual en los rodeos lecheros y constituye una importante causa de pérdidas productivas y de rentabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar e identificar por pruebas fenotípicas microorganismos asociados a mastitis subclínica y clínica en leche cruda. El trabajo fue realizado en un tambo de 40 vacas Holando Argentino en ordeñe y con una producción promedio anual de entre 18 y 22 litros por vaca por día. El muestreo se realizó por treinta días consecutivos tomando una muestra diaria. Las mismas fueron sembradas en agar sangre, manitol salado, agar Levine Eosina-Azul de Metileno, TKT y agar Tripticasa Soya. Primero se hizo una clasificación por medio de la coloración de Gram, luego para las primeras se usaron pruebas de catalasa, coagulasa y CAMP; y para las Gram negativas las pruebas fueron UREA, Sulfide-Indole-Motility, Triple SugarIron Agar, Citrato de Simmons, LisynIron Agar, Rojo de Metilo-VogesProskauer. Los resultados revelaron que las bacterias aisladas que aparecieron con mayor frecuencia (100%, totalidad de los muestreos) fueron Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. (uberis o disgalactiae) y agalactiae, Escherichia coli y Enterobacter cloacae; medianamente frecuente Hafnia alvei; poco frecuente Citrobacter spp y no se identificó en ningún muestreo el género Pseudomonae. Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus agalactiae son considerados patógenos causantes de mastitis contagiosa evidenciando que en el rodeo en estudio había vacas infectadas. Deberá trabajarse en la implementación de un control bacteriológico periódico de leche cruda sumado al recuento de células somáticas para utilizarlo como control de vacas infectadas y que pueden generar mastitis clínicas y subclínicas, patologías que ocasionan pérdidas económicas importantes. Además, debe también ponerse especial atención en hacer conocer el impacto de la higiene sobre esta enfermedad, práctica que permite tener controlada una mastitis de tipo medio ambiental.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV

Investigating PhDs’ early career occupational outcomes in Italy: individual motivations, role of supervisor and gender differences

The paper examines how individual motivations, the role of the supervisor and gender influence the early career path of doctorate holders. We investigate PhD graduates' occupational outcomes beyond academia in the framework of current literature on the oversupply of PhD holders and labor market constraints. Our analysis relies on two unique datasets. The first, at the national level, includes microdata from the Italian National Institute of Statistics regarding about 41,000 graduates who account for over 70% of the population of 6 cohorts surveyed for the period 2004-2014. The other dataset is from a single university, and resulted from an original survey of 760 PhD holders who earned their doctorates from the University of Turin in 2007-2017. We find that PhD holders' motivation towards science is associated with their subsequent employment in academia or in other research and non-research jobs. Sponsoring support in early career and the supervisor's propensity for basic research also play a role in the future academic career path. Gender differences in type of occupation, however, continue to persist even taking motivations and the supervisor's role into account

A novel RNA polymerase III transcription factor fraction that is not required for template commitment.

Abstract We have identified and partially characterized a novel class III transcription factor fraction (TFIIIE) from yeast nuclear extracts. TFIIIE is functionally distinct from the standard yeast transcription factor fractions, TFIIIB and TFIIIC. It is also different from either of the TFIIIB subfractions, B' and B". TFIIIE is essential for specific transcription of both tRNA and 5 S RNA genes, its activity is sensitive to proteinase K, and it exhibits an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 4.0 S when analyzed on glycerol gradients. In the case of a tRNA gene, TFIIIE does not play a role in the formation of stable preinitiation complexes containing TFIIIB and TFIIIC. It is required for single as well as multiple rounds of transcription, however. Thus, TFIIIE is involved in the utilization of stable transcription complexes, but its action is not restricted to reinitiation events

New Collaborations and Novel Innovations: The Role of Regional Brokerage and Collaboration Intensity

In this paper we investigate the role of brokers in the regional innovation network and its influence on innovative and collaborative outcomes. For this purpose, we make use of data from the European Patent Office and Eurostat in the period 1986-2015. We first build the regional collaboration network based on co-inventorship ties, then we identify the brokerage roles played by each region, using the original taxonomy proposed by Gould and Fernandez (1989), to disentangle their impact on innovation and collaboration. Finally, we investigate regional collaboration intensity and how it interacts with brokerage roles, highlighting its mediating effect. Our findings indicate that brokerage roles contribute to the extension of collaboration networks, but also that they are not efficient for the creation of innovation. Collaboration intensity, on the other hand, enhances both innovation and collaborative outcomes, and shows how a region can benefit from being a broker.European Commission Horizon 2020Science Foundation Irelan

Characterization of a Novel Approach for Neonatal Hematocrit Screening Based on Penetration Velocity in Lateral Flow Test Strip

Hematocrit (HCT) is a crucial parameter for both adult and pediatric patients, indicating potentially severe pathological conditions. Most common methods for HCT assessment are microhematocrit and automated analyzers; however, developing countries present specific needs often not addressed by these technologies. Paper-based devices can be suitable for those environments being inexpensive, rapid, easy to use, and portable. The aim of this study is to describe and validate against a reference method, a novel HCT estimation method based on penetration velocity in lateral flow test strips complying with the requirements in low- or middle-income country (LMIC) scenarios. To calibrate and test the proposed method, 145 blood samples of 105 healthy neonates with gestational age greater than 37 weeks were collected (29 calibration set, 116 test set) in the range of HCT values (31.6-72.5%). The time difference (Delta t) from the whole blood sample loading into the test strip instant till the nitrocellulose membrane saturation instant was measured by a reflectance meter. A nonlinear relation was observed between HCT and Delta t and was estimated by a third-degree polynomial equation (R-2 = 0.91) valid in 30% to 70% HCT interval. The proposed model was subsequently used to estimate HCT values on the test set showing a good agreement between the estimated HCT and the HCT measured by the reference method (r = 0.87, p < 0.001), with a low mean difference of 0.53 +/- 5.04% and a slight trend of overestimation for higher hematocrit values. The mean absolute error was 4.29%, while the maximum absolute error was 10.69%. Although the proposed method did not present a sufficient accuracy to be used for diagnostic purposes, it could be suitable as a fast, low-cost, easy-to-use screening tool especially in LMIC scenarios

Caratterizzazione in microscopia SEM-EDS del cemento endodontico MTA: un confronto tra diversi prodotti

RiassuntoObiettiviValutare le caratteristiche microscopiche dei cementi endodontici MTA disponibili in commercio e di un cemento di Portland.Materiali e metodiAnalisi su quattro varietà di MTA: Ogna Aureoseal®, Proroot white MTA®, Angelus white e gray MTA® e un cemento di Portland. I campioni, previo esame in diffrazione X, sono stati consolidati; i provini a cemento solidificato sono stati inglobati in una resina epossidica e lucidati in superficie: questo ha permesso un'osservazione SEM-EDS per evidenziarne la struttura e la natura chimica e mineralogica.RisultatiLe analisi mostrano significative differenze tra i vari tipi di MTA presi in esame e tra questi e il cemento di Portland usato come riferimento.I cementi utilizzati a scopo odontoiatrico hanno granuli di minori dimensioni, una maggiore idratazione e un minor contenuto di ferro e zolfo. Tra i costituenti mineralogici caratteristici del MTA si riscontrano agenti radio-opacizzanti (Bi2O3 e CaWO4). Una sostanziale differenza tra i cementi MTA è la quantità variabile nel contenuto di magnesio e alluminio che, dopo il consolidamento, presentano una granulometria inferiore nei campioni Ogna Aureoseal® e Proroot white MTA®; la presenza di apatite e tungstato di calcio (CaWO4) è invece caratteristica del cemento MTA Ogna Aureoseal®.ConclusioniLe differenze tra i campioni MTA e tra questi e il cemento di Portland sono significative sia a livello di tessitura microscopica sia di composizione chimica.AbstractObjectivesTo determine the mineralogical, chemical, and microtextural differences between commercially available MTA products, clarifying common differences with Portland and between each other.Materials and methodsThe study was done on four commercially available MTA cements, that is Ogna Aureoseal®, Proroot white MTA®, Angelus white and gray MTA® and on a commercial Portland cement. After preliminary X-ray diffraction characterization of the powder, the samples were consolidated following the same procedure used in clinical practice. The consolidated material was embedded in epoxy and polished, and subsequently investigated, by means of SEM-EDS analysis of back-scattered electron images on all samples and of quantitative compositional mapping on MTA.ResultsThe MTA and Portland cements differ for the grain size, the hydration rate, and homogeneity of the set products, and for lower Fe and S content in MTA. Previously reported presence of opacizing agents (Bi2O3 and CaWO4) was confirmed in all samples, whereas low Al content was not observed in all MTA. Although the MTA products are all mainly composed by di-calcium and tri-calcium silicates, the post-setting texture and the chemical and mineralogical constitution differ. Finer texture was observed in Ogna Aureoseal® and Proroot white MTA®; in Ogna Aureoseal® the presence of apatite and Ca-tungstate was reported; Mg and Al content changed in samples, following the clinker composition.ConclusionsSignificant differences exist between Portland cement and MTA, but also among different MTA formulations. MTA products can be classified as a form of Portland cement, specifically modified for dentistry purposes

The missing link: international migration in global clusters of innovation

This is an extended version of the book chapter forthcoming in: Castellani D., A. Perri, V. Scalera, A. Zanfei (eds), Cross-border Innovation in a Changing World. Players, Places and Policies, Oxford University Press, due for publication in 2021In this chapter we look at the global network of innovative agglomerations, with a focus on their degree of internationalization and on the actors behind it – particularly high-skilled migrants. Using worldwide patent and publication geo-localized data, we identify all Global Hotspots of Innovation (GIHs) and Niche Clusters (NCs) worldwide, and study their success as a function of their international connections. In particular, we compare organizational ones, such as international collaborations orchestrated by multinational firms’ collaborations, to personal ones, which may derive from migration to/from the GIHs and NCs. We find a strong role of the latter, always comparable and sometimes larger than the former

Indice

Abstract