Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

The rarest form of Paratesticular Leiomyosarcoma – a case report

Paratesticular tumours make up less than 5% of intra-scrotal tumours and of these, approximately 30% are malignant tumours with sarcomas accounting for the majority. Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumour arising from soft tissues containing smooth muscle. They are reported as comprising between 5-30% of paratesticular sarcomas1,2. It is extremely rare that they arise from tissue other than the spermatic cord or epididymis. We describe such a case of paratesticular leiomyosarcoma in a fifty-four year old man who presented with a six month history of a painful testis and who subsequently underwent radical inguinal orchidectomy and high ligation

Matrix Stone Occupying an Entire Renal Collecting System: A Case Report and Video of Diagnostic Ureterorenoscopy

Renal matrix stones are a rare phenomenon and they present a diagnostic challenge due to their atypical radiological appearances in comparison to more commonly encountered renal tract calculi. We describe a case of known stone former presenting with loin pain and recurrent urinary tract infections who was diagnosed with a matrix stone. The video of the diagnostic flexiureterorenoscopy demonstrating the matrix stone occupying almost the entire right renal collecting system is also presented

Hydrodynamic separation water flow sediment

The dissertation deals with clogging of reservoirs and ponds by redundant sediments which penetrate water system by erosion. It describes methods of extracting pond sediments. It contains measurement of dewatering of sediments on hydrocyclone and design of laboratory hydrocyclone and filter unit. In the conclusion there is design of technology of dewatering sediments which were extracted by wet method by drainage excavator. Numerical simulation of flowing in hydrocyclones is simulated in the CFX programme and dewatering technology is simulated in the CHEMCAD programme