776 research outputs found
Two Case Reports of Life-Threatening Ethanol-Induced Anaphylaxis
Adverse reactions to alcoholic beverages are common and diverse in aetiology. Ethanol-induced anaphylaxis, however, is a rare but often life-threatening condition that warrants careful evaluation in suspected individuals. We present the cases of two patients who developed urticaria, angioedema and throat constriction within minutes of consuming white wine. Both individuals demonstrated no adverse reaction to double-blind placebo-controlled challenges to metabisulphite or sodium salicylate. However, an open challenge to white wine elicited urticaria in both subjects. This reaction was reproduced with a double-blind placebo-controlled challenge to ethanol and was accompanied by a rise in serum total tryptase levels. Positive skin test responses to 2% acetic acid, a breakdown product of ethanol, were elicited from both patients but not from three normal controls. These two cases demonstrate the need for a systematic approach for the evaluation of allergic reactions to alcohol
Rapid brain discrimination of sounds of objects.
Electrical neuroimaging in humans identified the speed and spatiotemporal brain mechanism whereby sounds of living and man-made objects are discriminated. Subjects performed an "oddball" target detection task, selectively responding to sounds of either living or man-made objects on alternating blocks, which were controlled for in their spectrogram and harmonics-to-noise ratios between categories. Analyses were conducted on 64-channel auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) from nontarget trials. Comparing responses to sounds of living versus man-made objects, these analyses tested for modulations in local AEP waveforms, global response strength, and the topography of the electric field at the scalp. In addition, the local autoregressive average distributed linear inverse solution was applied to periods of observed modulations. Just 70 ms after stimulus onset, a common network of brain regions within the auditory "what" processing stream responded more strongly to sounds of man-made versus living objects, with differential activity within the right temporal and left inferior frontal cortices. Over the 155-257 ms period, the duration of activity of a brain network, including bilateral temporal and premotor cortices, differed between categories of sounds. Responses to sounds of living objects peaked approximately 12 ms later and the activity of the brain network active over this period was prolonged relative to that in response to sounds of man-made objects. The earliest task-related effects were observed at approximately 100 ms poststimulus onset, placing an upper limit on the speed of cortical auditory object discrimination. These results provide critical temporal constraints on human auditory object recognition and semantic discrimination processes
Comparative effect of lodging on seed yield of flax and wheat
Non-Peer Reviewe
The contribution of qualitative behavioural assessment to appraisal of livestock welfare
Animal welfare is increasingly important for the Australian livestock industries, to maintain social licence to practice as well as ensuring market share overseas. Improvement of animal welfare in the livestock industries requires several important key steps. Paramount among these, objective measures are needed for welfare assessment that will enable comparison and contrast of welfare implications of husbandry procedures or housing options. Such measures need to be versatile (can be applied under a wide range of on- and off-farm situations), relevant (reveal aspects of the animalâs affective or physiological state that is relevant to their welfare), reliable (can be repeated with confidence in the results), relatively economic to apply, and they need to have broad acceptance by all stakeholders. Qualitative Behavioural Assessment (QBA) is an integrated measure that characterises behaviour as a dynamic, expressive body language. QBA is a versatile tool requiring little specialist equipment suiting application to in situ assessments that enables comparative, hypothesis-driven evaluation of various industry-relevant practices. QBA is being increasingly used as part of animal welfare assessments in Europe, and although most other welfare assessment methods record âproblemsâ (e.g. lameness, injury scores, and so on), QBA can capture positive aspects of animal welfare (e.g. positively engaged with their environment, playfulness). In this viewpoint, we review the outcomes of recent QBA studies and discuss the potential application of QBA, in combination with other methods, as a welfare assessment tool for the Australian livestock industries
Relative performance of four midge-resistant wheat varietal blends in western Canada
Non-Peer ReviewedOrange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (GĂ©hin), causes significant yield losses to
spring wheat in western Canada in severe infestations. To mitigate losses, midge-resistant wheat
varietal blends, consisting of cultivars carrying the Sm1 midge resistance gene and 10%
interspersed midge susceptible refuge, have been made available to farmers. To test their
performance relative to conventional midge-susceptible cultivars, four varietal blends were
grown during four consecutive years, at eight locations in the provinces of Manitoba
Saskatchewan and Alberta, in comparison to four conventional, midge-susceptible cultivars.
Midge damage was higher in 2007 and 2010 than in 2008 and 2009. In general, the varietal
blends, as a group, yielded more grain than the susceptible cultivars, especially when grown in
environments with high midge pressure (5.5 - 35% seed damage). In environments with low
midge pressure (0 â 2.6% seed damage), the varietal blend average yield advantage was smaller
but still significant, indicating that some of the varietal blends had additional superior attributes,
in addition to midge resistance
Review of livestock welfare indicators relevant for the Australian live export industry
Animal welfare is an important issue for the live export industry (LEI), in terms of economic returns, community attitudes and international socio-political relations. Mortality has traditionally been the main welfare measure recorded within the LEI; however, high mortality incidents are usually acted upon after adverse events occur, reducing the scope for proactive welfare enhancement. We reviewed 71 potential animal welfare measures, identifying those measures that would be appropriate for use throughout the LEI for feeder and slaughter livestock species, and categorised these as animal-, environment- and resource-based. We divided the live export supply chain into three sectors: (1) Australian facilities, (2) vessel and (3) destination country facilities. After reviewing the relevant regulations for each sector of the industry, we identified 38 (sector 1), 35 (sector 2) and 26 (sector 3) measures already being collected under current practice. These could be used to form a âwelfare information dashboardâ: a LEI-specific online interface for collecting data that could contribute towards standardised industry reporting. We identified another 20, 25 and 28 measures that are relevant to each LEI sector (sectors 1, 2, 3, respectively), and that could be developed and integrated into a benchmarking system in the future
The effect of incorporating the midge resistance (Sm1) gene in wheat
Non-Peer ReviewedOrange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (GĂ©hin), was first detected in Manitoba in
1901, but now is present in all three prairie provinces of western Canada. In severe infestations,
this insect may cause significant yield losses to spring wheat. To mitigate losses, midge-resistant
wheat varietal blends, consisting of cultivars carrying the Sm1 midge resistance gene and 10%
interspersed midge susceptible refuge, are now available to farmers. The refuge prevents this
resistance to be overcome by the insect. To test the field performance of these varietal blends,
relative to conventional midge-susceptible cultivars, four varietal blends were grown during four
consecutive years, at eight locations in the provinces of Manitoba Saskatchewan and Alberta, in
comparison to four conventional, midge-susceptible cultivars. Midge damage was higher in 2007
and 2010, than in 2008 and 2009. In general, the varietal blends, as a group, yielded more grain
than the susceptible cultivars, especially when grown in environments with high midge pressure
(5.5 - 35% seed damage). In environments with low midge pressure (0 â 2.6% seed damage), the
varietal blend average yield advantage was smaller but still significant, indicating that some of
the varietal blends had additional superior attributes, in addition to midge resistance. Significant
differences in midge damage were observed within the resistant and the susceptible groups of the
cultivars tested. Midge resistance did not protect wheat against loss of market grade
Anomalous c-axis charge dynamics in copper oxide materials
Within the t-J model, the c-axis charge dynamics of the copper oxide
materials in the underdoped and optimally doped regimes is studied by
considering the incoherent interlayer hopping. It is shown that the c-axis
charge dynamics is mainly governed by the scattering from the in-plane
fluctuation. In the optimally doped regime, the c-axis resistivity is a linear
in temperatures, and shows the metallic-like behavior for all temperatures,
while the c-axis resistivity in the underdoped regime is characterized by a
crossover from the high temperature metallic-like behavior to the low
temperature semiconducting-like behavior, which are consistent with experiments
and numerical simulations.Comment: 6 pages, Latex, Three figures are adde
Strategic partnership of stakeholders: a veritable tool for sustainable fishery resources in Nigeria
Fishery resources are very important resource from the aquatic environment to the Nigerian economy. Stakeholders involvement in its management is highly important therefore, this paper proposes two frameworks against which sustainable fishery should be based, vis-a-vis stakeholders participation. The paper showed that decision-making involving stakeholders would enhance the goals of sustainable fishery development and create unity of purpose among various stakeholder
One particle interchain hopping in coupled Hubbard chains
Interchain hopping in systems of coupled chains of correlated electrons is
investigated by exact diagonalizations and Quantum-Monte-Carlo methods. For two
weakly coupled Hubbard chains at commensurate densities (e.g. n=1/3) the
splitting at the Fermi level between bonding and antibonding bands is strongly
reduced (but not suppressed) by repulsive interactions extending to a few
lattice spacings. The magnitude of this reduction is directly connected to the
exponent of the 1D Luttinger liquid. However, we show that the
incoherent part of the single particle spectral function is much less affected
by the interchain coupling. This suggests that incoherent interchain hopping
could occur for intermediate values.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX 3.0, 7 PostScript figures in uuencoded for
- âŠ