Immanuel Kant. Il tempo interno del miglioramento: un paradigma del progresso storico?

Il soggetto kantiano, per sapersi morale, deve potersi pensare come un soggetto che non ha fine nel tempo sensibile: per pensarsi secondo questa forma dell’intelligibile egli postula una durata infinita della sua personalità. Con ciò si apre un orizzonte di senso immaginabile soltanto in un ‘futuro aperto’ e dilatato all’infinito: in questa dimensione temporale specifica trova senso l’esercizio morale di ogni individuo. La designazione temporale dell’immortalità dell’anima come durata infinita (unendliche Dauer) e il progresso intelligibile che è connesso al postulato mostrano un’interessante processualità inerente alla dimensione intelligibile - non spazio-temporalmente condizionata - dell’esistenza di ogni personalità morale. Seppure non tematizzato esplicitamente da Kant, attraverso questo postulato si indica un peculiare svolgimento - temporale - esclusivo del noumeno. Presenteremo l’aspetto contraddittorio della processualità infinita argomentata da Kant: com’è possibile, all’interno del sistema trascendentale, un tempo ascrivibile - paradossalmente - al noumeno? Il problema del tempo nella filosofia morale di Kant, e in particolare il riferimento non ordinario ad una temporalità riconducibile all’ordine noumenico, è un tema molto complesso: nel fornire uno spunto di riflessione e un primo avvicinamento a questa tematica, peraltro poco trattata dalla letteratura kantiana, ripercorriamo in questa sede gli studi che hanno mostrato e discusso quest’interessante paradosso, ipotizzando nel tempo interno del miglioramento un paradigma della comprensione della storia dalla prospettiva della filosofia critica

Systematic Review, Quality Assessment, and Synthesis of Guidelines for Emergency Department Care of Transgender and Gender-diverse People: Recommendations for Immediate Action to Improve Care

Introduction: We conducted this systematic review to identify emergency department (ED) relevant recommendations in current guidelines for care of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD)people internationally.Methods: Using PRISMA criteria, we did a systematic search of Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL and a hand search of gray literature for clinical practice guidelines (CPG) or best practice statements (BPS) published until June 31, 2021. Articles were included if they were in English, included medical or paramedical care of TGD populations of any age, in any setting, region or nation, and were national or international in scope. Exclusion criteria included primary research studies, review articles, narrative reviews or otherwise non-CPG or BPS, editorials, or letters to the editor, articles of regional or individual hospital scope, non-medical articles, articles not in English, or if a more recent version of the guideline existed. Recommendations relevant to ED care were identified, recorded, and assessed for quality using the AGREE-II and AGREE-REX criteria. We performed interclass correlation coefficient for interrater reliability. Recommendations were coded for the relevant point of care while in the ED (triage, registration, rooming, investigations, etc.).Results: We screened 1,658 unique articles, and 1,555 were excluded. Of the remaining 103 articles included, seven had recommendations relevant to care in the ED, comprising a total of 10 recommendations. Four guidelines and eight recommendations were of high quality. They included recommendations for testing, prevention, referral, and provision of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV, and culturally competent care of TGD people.Conclusions: This is the most comprehensive review to date of guidelines and best practices statements offering recommendations for care of ED TGD patients, and several are immediately actionable. There are also many opportunities to build community-led research programs to synthesize and inform a comprehensive dedicated guideline for care of TGD people in emergency settings

Studio longitudinale neurologico di nati da madre epilettica.

Studio longitudinale neurologico di 20 figli di madri con epilessia valutati alla nascita e a 12 mesi ha evidenziato una elevata incidenza alla nascita (circa 3/4) di anomalie neurologiche. Al termine del follow-up i disturbi neurologici erano evidenti in 1/5 dei bambini, essendosi normalizzato negli altri l'esame neurologico a partire già dal primo controllo al 3à mese di vita. In un caso con normale esame alla nascita è stato osservato un ritardo dello sviluppo neurologico nel corso dell'osservazione

Development of Antitubercular Compounds Based on a 4-Quinolylhydrazone Scaffold. Further Structure-activity Relationship Studies.

13reservedmixedGemma, Sandra; Savini, Luisa; Altarelli, Maria; Tripaldi, Pierangela; Chiasserini, Luisa; SANNA COCCONE, Salvatore; Vinod, Kumar; Camodeca, Caterina; Campiani, Giuseppe; Ettore, Novellino; Sandra, Clarizio; Giovanni, Delogu; Butini, StefaniaGemma, Sandra; Savini, Luisa; Altarelli, Maria; Tripaldi, Pierangela; Chiasserini, Luisa; SANNA COCCONE, Salvatore; Vinod, Kumar; Camodeca, Caterina; Campiani, Giuseppe; Ettore, Novellino; Sandra, Clarizio; Giovanni, Delogu; Butini, Stefani

Lactobacilli Degrade Wheat Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors to Reduce Intestinal Dysfunction Induced by Immunogenic Wheat Proteins.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Wheat-related disorders, a spectrum of conditions induced by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals, have been increasing in prevalence. Patients with celiac disease have gluten-specific immune responses, but the contribution of non-gluten proteins to symptoms in patients with celiac disease or other wheat-related disorders is controversial. METHODS C57BL/6 (control), Myd88, Ticam1, and Il15 mice were placed on diets that lacked wheat or gluten, with or without wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs), for 1 week. Small intestine tissues were collected and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were measured; we also investigated gut permeability and intestinal transit. Control mice fed ATIs for 1 week were gavaged daily with Lactobacillus strains that had high or low ATI-degrading capacity. Nonobese diabetic/DQ8 mice were sensitized to gluten and fed an ATI diet, a gluten-containing diet or a diet with ATIs and gluten for 2 weeks. Mice were also treated with Lactobacillus strains that had high or low ATI-degrading capacity. Intestinal tissues were collected and IELs, gene expression, gut permeability and intestinal microbiota profiles were measured. RESULTS In intestinal tissues from control mice, ATIs induced an innate immune response by activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling to MD2 and CD14, and caused barrier dysfunction in the absence of mucosal damage. Administration of ATIs to gluten-sensitized mice expressing HLA-DQ8 increased intestinal inflammation in response to gluten in the diet. We found ATIs to be degraded by Lactobacillus, which reduced the inflammatory effects of ATIs. CONCLUSIONS ATIs mediate wheat-induced intestinal dysfunction in wild-type mice and exacerbate inflammation to gluten in susceptible mice. Microbiome-modulating strategies, such as administration of bacteria with ATI-degrading capacity, may be effective in patients with wheat-sensitive disorders