Cuidados de enfermagem para pessoas com Doença de Chagas: uma revisão de escopo

Highlights There is little scientific evidence about Chagas disease and nursing care, most of the scientific evidence found was carried out in the Latin American region. By summarizing the findings in the scientific literature, we can begin to understand the problem of Chagas disease and its care by nursing. We can identify the main nursing care already developed for people with Chagas disease and the potential for future clinical research. The findings of this study elucidate nursing knowledge in Brazil and in the world about care for people with Chagas disease; Understanding aspects of care for these people is necessary to identification self-care capacity and the needs of nursing interventions. Introduction: Chagas disease is an infectious disease caused by the parasitism process of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Given its potential for chronicity, nursing care in the health care of patients with Chagas disease will provide an improvement in quality of life and the prognosis of the disease. Objective: Review scientific knowledge about nursing care for individuals with Chagas disease.    Material and Methods: descriptive and exploratory research, carried out with two independent reviewers using high sensitivity criteria in databases and gray literature sources between June and July 2022. Results: The review identified 12 relevant publications that emphasized health care, education, relationships, disease prevention and health promotion. The most frequent and diverse nursing diagnoses were related to the Activity/Rest, Health Promotion and Coping/Stress domains. Discussion: To meet the care needs of Chagas disease, it is essential to ensure nursing care that recognizes individualities, highlighting the importance of creating tools that facilitate the nursing process. The main points highlighted were related to the health education process, longitudinal monitoring, healthy lifestyle habits, general nursing care during hospitalization and the use of nursing diagnoses. Conclusion: the need for comprehensive nursing care that meets the main needs of individuals with Chagas disease is emphasized, considering their unique circumstances. Developing tools to support the nursing process is essential to improve the results of care for this population. How to cite this article: Silva Júnior, José Antonio da; Fonseca, Álvaro Micael Duarte; Andrade, Micássio Fernandes de; Andrade, Cléber de Mesquita; Santos, Isis Kelly dos; Nascimento, Ellany Gurgel Cosme do. Nursing care for people with Chagas Disease: a scoping review. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(1):e3420.  http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3420Introducción: La enfermedad de Chagas es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el proceso de parasitación del protozoo Trypanosoma cruzi. Dado el potencial de cronicidad de esta enfermedad, los cuidados de enfermería de pacientes con enfermedad de Chagas proporcionarán una mejora en la calidad de vida y en el pronóstico de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Revisar los conocimientos científicos sobre cuidados de enfermería dirigidos a personas con enfermedad de Chagas.   Materiales y Métodos: Investigación exploratoria y descriptiva que incluyó dos revisores independientes que aplicaron criterios de alta sensibilidad en las bases de datos y fuentes de literatura gris entre junio y julio de 2022. Resultados: La revisión identificó 12 publicaciones relevantes que hacen énfasis en la atención, la educación, las relaciones, la prevención de la enfermedad y la promoción de la salud. Los diagnósticos de enfermería más frecuentes y diversos estaban relacionados con los ámbitos actividad/descanso, promoción de la salud y afrontamiento/estrés.  Discusión: Para atender las necesidades de cuidado de la enfermedad de Chagas, es fundamental garantizar cuidados de enfermería que reconozcan las características individuales, destacando la importancia de crear herramientas que faciliten el proceso de enfermería. Los principales puntos destacados estuvieron relacionados con el proceso de educación en salud, el seguimiento longitudinal, los hábitos de vida saludables, los cuidados generales de enfermería durante la hospitalización y el uso de diagnósticos de enfermería.   Conclusión: Se hace énfasis en la necesidad de cuidados integrales de enfermería que atiendan las principales necesidades de las personas con enfermedad de Chagas, considerando sus circunstancias únicas. Es esencial el desarrollo de herramientas de apoyo al proceso de enfermería para mejorar los resultados de la atención a esta población. Como citar este artículo: Silva Júnior, José Antonio da; Fonseca, Álvaro Micael Duarte; Andrade, Micássio Fernandes de; Andrade, Cléber de Mesquita; Santos, Isis Kelly dos; Nascimento, Ellany Gurgel Cosme do. Nursing care for people with Chagas Disease: a scoping review. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(1):e3420.  http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3420Introdução:A doença de Chagas é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo processo de parasitismo do protozoário Trypanosoma Cruzi. Dado o seu potencial de cronicidade, o cuidado de enfermagem na assistência à saúde dos pacientes com doença de Chagas proporcionará melhora na qualidade de vida e no prognóstico da doença. Objetivo: Revisar o conhecimento científico sobre os cuidados de enfermagem aos indivíduos com doença de Chagas. Material e Métodos: pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, realizada com dois revisores independentes utilizando critérios de alta sensibilidade em bases de dados e fontes de literatura cinzenta entre junho e julho de 2022. Resultados: A revisão identificou 12 publicações relevantes que enfatizavam cuidados de saúde, educação, relacionamentos, prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes e diversos estavam relacionados aos domínios Atividade/Repouso, Promoção da Saúde e Enfrentamento/Estresse. Discussão: Para atender às necessidades de cuidado da doença de Chagas é fundamental garantir uma assistência de enfermagem que reconheça as individualidades, destacando a importância da criação de ferramentas que facilitem o processo de enfermagem. Os principais pontos destacados foram relacionados ao processo de educação em saúde, acompanhamento longitudinal, hábitos de vida saudáveis, cuidados gerais de enfermagem durante a internação e utilização de diagnósticos de enfermagem. enfatiza-se a necessidade de uma assistência de enfermagem integral que atenda às principais necessidades dos indivíduos com doença de Chagas, considerando suas circunstâncias singulares. Desenvolver ferramentas de apoio ao processo de enfermagem é essencial para melhorar os resultados do cuidado a essa população. Como citar este artigo: Silva Júnior, José Antonio da; Fonseca, Álvaro Micael Duarte; Andrade, Micássio Fernandes de; Andrade, Cléber de Mesquita; Santos, Isis Kelly dos; Nascimento, Ellany Gurgel Cosme do. Nursing care for people with Chagas Disease: a scoping review. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(1):e3420.  http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.342

Nursing care for people with Chagas disease: a scoping review

Introduction: Chagas disease is an infectious disease caused by the parasitism process of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Given its potential for chronicity, nursing care in the health care of patients with Chagas disease will provide an improvement in quality of life and the prognosis of the disease. Objective: Review scientific knowledge about nursing care for individuals with Chagas disease. Material and Methods: descriptive and exploratory research, carried out with two independent reviewers using high sensitivity criteria in databases and gray literature sources between June and July 2022. Results: The review identified 12 relevant publications that emphasized health care, education, relationships, disease prevention and health promotion. The most frequent and diverse nursing diagnoses were related to the Activity/Rest, Health Promotion and Coping/Stress domains. Discussion: To meet the care needs of Chagas disease, it is essential to ensure nursing care that recognizes individualities, highlighting the importance of creating tools that facilitate the nursing process. The main points highlighted were related to the health education process, longitudinal monitoring, healthy lifestyle habits, general nursing care during hospitalization and the use of nursing diagnoses. Conclusion: the need for comprehensive nursing care that meets the main needs of individuals with Chagas disease is emphasized, considering their unique circumstances. Developing tools to support the nursing process is essential to improve the results of care for this population

Doença de Chagas: caracterização de formas clínicas e estratificação do risco de morte no Oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

O perfil clínico com classificação das formas clínicas e a gravidade da doença de Chagas foram avaliados em indivíduos sororreativos para o Trypanosoma cruzi procedentes da mesorregião Oeste Potiguar. Neste estudo transversal foram incluídos 186 indivíduos adultos, entre 23 a 78 anos de idade. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos à avaliação clínica, aplicado um questionário clínicoepidemiológico e realizados eletrocardiograma de repouso, ecocardiograma transtorácico, radiografia simples de tórax e contrastadas de esôfago e cólon. O Holter foi realizado em 98 pacientes e aplicado escores de risco de acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico e morte. A forma clínica indeterminada foi detectada em 51,6% (96/186) dos pacientes, a cardíaca em 32,2% (60/186), a digestiva em 8,1% (15/186) e a cardiodigestiva em 8,1% (15/186). Dos pacientes com a forma clínica digestiva, 7,0% (13/186) apresentaram diferentes grupos de megaesôfago (I a IV) e 12,9% (24/186) apresentaram megacólon de grau 1 a 3. Destes, 29,2% (7/24) com ambos os órgãos afetados. As alterações eletrocardiográficas foram observadas em 48,9% (91/186) dos pacientes e a arritmia ventricular complexa presente em 41,8% (41/98). Desses pacientes, 10,2% (19/186) apresentaram cardiomegalia, o aneurisma apical foi diagnosticado em 10,8% (20/186) e, as alterações da contratilidade miocárdica segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo em 33,9% (63/186). Em 7,5% (14/186) dos pacientes foi detectada insuficiência cardíaca com classes funcionais que variam de I a IV. A classificação da insuficiência cardíaca por estádios demonstrou que 36,4% (24/66), 30,3% (20/66), 15,2% (10/66), 13,6% (9/66) e 4,5% (3/66) dos pacientes apresentaram estágios A, B1, B2, C e D, respectivamente. O escore de estratificação de risco de acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico identificou 80,6% (150/186) dos pacientes em baixo risco, 15,6% (29/186) em moderado e 3,8% (7/186) em alto risco. O escore de risco de morte foi aplicado em 84 pacientes e 69,0% (58/84) mostraram baixo risco, 25,0% (21/84) intermediário e 6,0% (5/84) alto risco. Os resultados demonstraram a existência das principais formas clínicas da doença de Chagas em diferentes estágios de evolução, inclusive o registro da forma digestiva isolada; observou-se que um quarto dos pacientes com a forma indeterminada deveria ser considerado cardiopatas subclínicos ou pelo menos, pacientes de maior potencial evolutivo para outras formas clínicas ou fase pré- clínica, e confirmou-se a existência de correlação positiva entre o escore de risco de morte e seus principais determinantes, insuficiência cardíaca, morte súbita e acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico, oferecendo mais um elemento para a tomada de condutas frente ao chagásico cardiopata

Trypanosoma cruzi III causing the indeterminate form of Chagas disease in a semi-arid region of Brazil

Objective: Trypanosoma cruzi is subdivided into six discrete typing units (DTUs), TcI–TcVI. The precise identification of each can contribute to tracking wild DTUs that invade the domiciliary environment. Methods: Twenty T. cruzi stocks isolated from 16 chagasic patients, two Panstrongylus lutzi, one Galea spixii, and one Euphractus sexcinctus, from different localities in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, were characterized by genotyping the 3′ region of the 24Sα rRNA gene, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 gene, and the spliced leader intergenic region. Results: TcIII was identified in 18.7% (3/16) of patients from different municipalities, as well as in P. lutzi, G. spixii, and E. sexcinctus, indicating the connection between the sylvatic and domestic cycles in this Brazilian semi-arid region. TcI and TcII were also detected, in 37.5% (6/16) and 43.8% (7/16) of patients, respectively. These DTUs were associated with cardiac, digestive, and indeterminate clinical forms, while TcIII was identified only in patients with the indeterminate form. Conclusions: The occurrence of these DTUs reveals important phylogenetic diversity in T. cruzi isolates from humans. TcIII is reported for the first time in northeastern Brazil. These findings appear to indicate an overlap between the sylvatic and domestic transmission cycles of the parasite in this region

Chagas disease: morbidity profile in an endemic area of Northeastern Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION : This study evaluated the clinical forms and manifestation severities of Chagas disease among serologically reactive individuals from Western Rio Grande do Norte (Northeastern Brazil). METHODS : This cross-sectional study included 186 adults who were evaluated using electrocardiography, echocardiography, chest radiography, and contrast radiography of the esophagus and colon. A clinical-epidemiological questionnaire was also used. RESULTS : The indeterminate, cardiac, digestive, and cardiodigestive clinical forms of Chagas disease were diagnosed in 51.6% (96/186), 32.2% (60/186), 8.1% (15/186) and 8.1% (15/186) of the participants, respectively. Heart failure (functional classes I-IV) was detected in 7.5% (14/186) of the participants, and 36.4% (24/66), 30.3% (20/66), 15.2% (10/66), 13.6% (9/66), and 4.5% (3/66) of the patients were at stage A, B1, B2, C, and D, respectively. Dilated cardiomyopathy and electrocardiographic changes were detected in 10.2% (19/186) and 48.1% (91/186) of the participants, respectively. Apical aneurysm was diagnosed in 10.8% (20/186) of the participants, and other changes in the segmental myocardial contractility of the left ventricle were diagnosed in 33.9% (63/186) of the participants. Megaesophagus (groups I-IV) was observed in 7% (13/186) of the participants, megacolon (grades 1-3) was detected in12.9% (24/186) of the participants, and both organs were affected in 29.2% (7/24) of the megacolon cases. CONCLUSIONS : We detected various clinical forms of Chagas disease (including the digestive form). Our findings indicate that clinical symptoms alone may not be sufficient to exclude or confirm cardiac and/or digestive damage, and the number of patients with symptomatic clinical forms may be underestimated

Innate immune receptors over expression correlate with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy and digestive damage in patients.

Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is observed in 30% to 50% of the individuals infected by Trypanosoma cruzi and heart failure is the important cause of death among patients in the chronic phase of Chagas disease. Although some studies have elucidated the role of adaptive immune responses involving T and B lymphocytes in cardiac pathogenesis, the role of innate immunity receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) in CCC pathophysiology has not yet been determined. In this study, we evaluated the association among innate immune receptors (TLR1-9 and nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3/NLRP3), its adapter molecules (Myd88, TRIF, ASC and caspase-1) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, and IFN-β) with clinical manifestation, digestive and cardiac function in patients with different clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease. The TLR8 mRNA expression levels were enhanced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from digestive and cardiodigestive patients compared to indeterminate and cardiac patients. Furthermore, mRNA expression of IFN-β (cytokine produced after TLR8 activation) was higher in digestive and cardiodigestive patients when compared to indeterminate. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between TLR8 and IFN-β mRNA expression with sigmoid and rectum size. Cardiac and cardiodigestive patients presented higher TLR2, IL-12 and TNF-α mRNA expression than indeterminate and digestive patients. Moreover, cardiac patients also expressed higher levels of NLRP3, ASC and IL-1β mRNAs than indeterminate patients. In addition, we showed a negative correlation among TLR2, IL-1β, IL-12 and TNF-α levels with left ventricular ejection fraction, and positive correlation between NLRP3 with cardiothoracic index, and TLR2, IL-1β and IL-12 with left ventricular mass index. Together, our data suggest that high expression of innate immune receptors in cardiac and digestive patients may induce an enhancement of cytokine expression and participate of cardiac and digestive dysfunction

Innate immune receptors over expression correlate with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy and digestive damage in patients

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-01-30T10:27:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 adelaideV_Motta_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 4348852 bytes, checksum: 2a6663ea033f9812085adebf92dec5ce (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-01-30T10:46:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 adelaideV_Motta_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 4348852 bytes, checksum: 2a6663ea033f9812085adebf92dec5ce (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-30T10:46:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 adelaideV_Motta_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 4348852 bytes, checksum: 2a6663ea033f9812085adebf92dec5ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Parasitologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Natal, RN, Brasil / Universidade Potiguar. Escola de Saúde. Natal, RN, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Natal, RN, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Parasitologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas. Mossoró, RN, Brasil.Instituto Internacional de Neurociências Edmond e Lilly Safra. Macaíba, RN, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas. Natal, RN, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Parasitologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Natal, RN, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Parasitologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilChronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is observed in 30% to 50% of the individuals infected by Trypanosoma cruzi and heart failure is the important cause of death among patients in the chronic phase of Chagas disease. Although some studies have elucidated the role of adaptive immune responses involving T and B lymphocytes in cardiac pathogenesis, the role of innate immunity receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) in CCC pathophysiology has not yet been determined. In this study, we evaluated the association among innate immune receptors (TLR1-9 and nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3/NLRP3), its adapter molecules (Myd88, TRIF, ASC and caspase- 1) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, and IFN-β) with clinical manifestation, digestive and cardiac function in patients with different clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease. The TLR8 mRNA expression levels were enhanced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from digestive and cardiodigestive patients compared to indeterminate and cardiac patients. Furthermore, mRNA expression of IFN-β (cytokine produced after TLR8 activation) was higher in digestive and cardiodigestive patients when compared to indeterminate. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between TLR8 and IFN-β mRNA expression with sigmoid and rectum size. Cardiac and cardiodigestive patients presented higher TLR2, IL-12 and TNF-α mRNA expression than indeterminate and digestive patients. Moreover, cardiac patients also expressed higher levels of NLRP3, ASC and IL-1β mRNAs than indeterminate patients. In addition, we showed a negative correlation among TLR2, IL-1β, IL-12 and TNF-α levels with left ventricular ejection fraction, and positive correlation between NLRP3 with cardiothoracic index, and TLR2, IL-1β and IL-12 with left ventricular mass index. Together, our data suggest that high expression of innate immune.receptors in cardiac and digestive patients may induce an enhancement of cytokine expression and participate of cardiac and digestive dysfunction