Географический анализ и оценка секвенирования генома M. tuberculosis на национальном уровне

Tuberculosis, one of the ancient infections that especially affects humans, the main target organ of this disease being the lung, is caused by M. tuberculosis and remains one of the most important public health problems, especially in developing countries. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is considered a serious threat to tuberculosis control worldwide. The burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis remains increasing in countries endemic for this infection. The risk factors that influence this situation and that are elucidated more frequently in the specialized literature are the abusive use of drugs, the failure of the therapeutic regimen, the relapse of tuberculosis, the difficulty of obtaining drug sensitivity testing in a fast time. In Moldova, but also in other regions of Eastern Europe, drug resistance represents a serious obstacle in the effective control of this disease. There is evidence that the transmission of resistant strains, as opposed to the acquisition of resistance mutations through inadequate treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, is the main driver of the high level of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in these countries.Tuberculoza, una dintre infecțiile antice care afectează in deosebi oamenii, principalul organ țintă al acestei boli fiind plămânul, este cauzata de M. tuberculosis și rămâne una dintre cele mai importante probleme de sănătate publica, in special in tarile in curs de dezvoltare. Apariția tuberculozei cu rezistență multiplă și cu rezistență extinsă la medicamente este considerata o amenințare serioasa pentru controlul tuberculozei la nivel mondial. Povara tuberculozei rezistente la medicamente rămâne în crește în țările endemice pentru această infecție. Factorii de risc care influențează această situație și care sunt elucidați mai frecvent în literatura de specialitate sunt utilizarea abuzivă a medicamentelor, eșecul regimului terapeutic, recidiva tuberculozei, dificultatea de a obține testarea sensibilității la medicamente in timp rapid. În Moldova, dar și în alte regiuni din Europa de Est, rezistența la medicamentele reprezintă un obstacol serios în controlul eficient al acestei boli. Există dovezi că transmiterea tulpinilor rezistente, spre deosebire de dobândirea de mutații de rezistență prin tratamentul inadecvat al tuberculozei sensibile la medicamente, este principalul motor al nivelului înalt al tuberculozei cu rezistență multiplă și cu rezistență extinsă la medicamente în aceste țări.Туберкулез, одна из древних инфекций, особенно поражающая людей, главным органом-мишенью которой являются легкие, вызывается M. tuberculosis и остается одной из важнейших проблем общественного здравоохранения, особенно в развивающихся странах. Появление туберкулеза с множественной и широкой лекарственной устойчивостью считается серьезной угрозой борьбе с туберкулезом во всем мире. Бремя устойчивого туберкулеза продолжает увеличиваться в странах, эндемичных по этой инфекции. Факторами риска, влияющими на эту ситуацию и чаще освещаемыми в специальной литературе, являются злоупотребление лекарственными средствами, неэффективность терапевтического режима, рецидив туберкулеза, сложность проведения теста на лекарственную чувствительность в короткие сроки. В Молдове, а также в других регионах Восточной Европы лекарственная устойчивость представляет собой серьезное препятствие для эффективной борьбы с этим заболеванием. Имеются данные о том, что передача резистентных штаммов, в отличие от приобретения резистентных мутаций в результате неадекватного лечения чувствительного туберкулеза, является основной причиной высокого уровня резистентного туберкулеза в этих странах

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE MOVEMENT OF SMOOTH PARTICLES AT THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATORS WITH DRUM

The paper presents the main theoretical elements underlying the seeds separation process after their surface. During the seed cleaning and sorting process according to the surface condition machines with electromagnetic or magnetic separators drums are used. In this paper is made a comparative theoretical analyze of smooth seeds movement on electromagnetic drum surface and trajectory in free flight, neglecting and taking into consideration air resistance, detached from the separation drum and it is evaluated the collection area of detached seeds. On this basis, were carried out several case studies and numerical simulations for three different machines

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE MOVEMENT OF SMOOTH PARTICLES AT THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATORS WITH DRUM

The paper presents the main theoretical elements underlying the seeds separation process after their surface. During the seed cleaning and sorting process according to the surface condition machines with electromagnetic or magnetic separators drums are used. In this paper is made a comparative theoretical analyze of smooth seeds movement on electromagnetic drum surface and trajectory in free flight, neglecting and taking into consideration air resistance, detached from the separation drum and it is evaluated the collection area of detached seeds. On this basis, were carried out several case studies and numerical simulations for three different machines

EMISSIONS MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS RESULTED FROM COMBUSTION PROCESSES IN CLINKER KILNS IN ROMANIA

With the dust arising from the clinker kilns and grill coolers (the major pollution sources in a cement plant), also heavy metals and their compounds (in the form of powders and vaporous), originating from fuels and raw materials, are pumped into the air. The paper presents some aspects regarding the monitoring of heavy metals contained in the combustion gases from a Romanian cement factory. The fuels used in the incinerator varied from coal/petroleum coke, refuse oils (from waste oils and their emulsions, up to sludge, paraffin, tars, contaminated soil), rubber (including whole used tires), plastic, paper, leather, textiles, wood (including sawdust), as such or impregnated/contaminated with various substances from industrial sources or sorted household wastes, sludge (previously dried) from wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the list of over 100 types of waste that can be co-processed can be found in integrated authorizations of cement plants. However, the level of heavy metals in the combustion gases was in allowed limits

EMISSIONS MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS RESULTED FROM COMBUSTION PROCESSES IN CLINKER KILNS IN ROMANIA

With the dust arising from the clinker kilns and grill coolers (the major pollution sources in a cement plant), also heavy metals and their compounds (in the form of powders and vaporous), originating from fuels and raw materials, are pumped into the air. The paper presents some aspects regarding the monitoring of heavy metals contained in the combustion gases from a Romanian cement factory. The fuels used in the incinerator varied from coal/petroleum coke, refuse oils (from waste oils and their emulsions, up to sludge, paraffin, tars, contaminated soil), rubber (including whole used tires), plastic, paper, leather, textiles, wood (including sawdust), as such or impregnated/contaminated with various substances from industrial sources or sorted household wastes, sludge (previously dried) from wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the list of over 100 types of waste that can be co-processed can be found in integrated authorizations of cement plants. However, the level of heavy metals in the combustion gases was in allowed limits

EMISSIONS MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS RESULTED FROM COMBUSTION PROCESSES IN CLINKER KILNS IN ROMANIA

With the dust arising from the clinker kilns and grill coolers (the major pollution sources in a cement plant), also heavy metals and their compounds (in the form of powders and vaporous), originating from fuels and raw materials, are pumped into the air. The paper presents some aspects regarding the monitoring of heavy metals contained in the combustion gases from a Romanian cement factory. The fuels used in the incinerator varied from coal/petroleum coke, refuse oils (from waste oils and their emulsions, up to sludge, paraffin, tars, contaminated soil), rubber (including whole used tires), plastic, paper, leather, textiles, wood (including sawdust), as such or impregnated/contaminated with various substances from industrial sources or sorted household wastes, sludge (previously dried) from wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the list of over 100 types of waste that can be co-processed can be found in integrated authorizations of cement plants. However, the level of heavy metals in the combustion gases was in allowed limits

EMISSIONS MONITORING OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS RESULTED FROM COMBUSTION PROCESSES IN CLINKER KILNS IN ROMANIA

With the dust arising from the clinker kilns and grill coolers (the major pollution sources in a cement plant), also heavy metals and their compounds (in the form of powders and vaporous), originating from fuels and raw materials, are pumped into the air. The paper presents some aspects regarding the monitoring of heavy metals contained in the combustion gases from a Romanian cement factory. The fuels used in the incinerator varied from coal/petroleum coke, refuse oils (from waste oils and their emulsions, up to sludge, paraffin, tars, contaminated soil), rubber (including whole used tires), plastic, paper, leather, textiles, wood (including sawdust), as such or impregnated/contaminated with various substances from industrial sources or sorted household wastes, sludge (previously dried) from wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the list of over 100 types of waste that can be co-processed can be found in integrated authorizations of cement plants. However, the level of heavy metals in the combustion gases was in allowed limits