Wpływ czynników socjoekonomicznych i żywieniowych na rozwój próchnicy wczesnej u dzieci w wieku 1-6 lat

Introduction. The high incidence of early childhood caries (ECC) highlights the need to analyze the causes. Aim. Evaluation of the impact of diet and socioeconomic conditions on the risk of ECC development in children. Material and methods. A group of 686 pediatric patients aged 1-6 from the University Dental Clinic in Krakow was examined for caries. The parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on the eating habits of children and on the sociodemographic factors. Results. Children aged 1-2 from rural areas and average education of parents constituted a significant factor affecting the intensity of ECC. Consumption of sugary foods at night increased the occurrence of caries by more than 3.5 times in 1–2-year-olds, and by 4 times in 5-year-olds. Frequent consumption of fruit juices and carbonated beverages had a significant impact on the occurrence of caries in 6-year-olds. Conclusions. Dietary pattern is a major cause of ECC. The relationship between ECC and the place of residence, low parental education and poor economic status indicates the target group for intensive educational activities for the prevention of dental caries

Dental caries status and trend in 5-, 7- and 12-year-old children from the Małopolskie region in comparison to the Polish population

Wstęp. W 2016 roku dzieci 5-, 7- i 12-letnie z województwa małopolskiego zostały objęte badaniem stanu zdrowia jamy ustnej w ramach realizowanego w naszym kraju cyklicznie od 1997 roku Ogólnopolskiego Monitoringu Zdrowia Jamy Ustnej wśród wybranych grup wiekowych populacji. Cel pracy. Ocena frekwencji i poziomu próchnicy u dzieci 5-, 7- i 12-letnich z województwa małopolskiego oraz obserwacja trendu choroby próchnicowej w tym województwie w ostatnich latach w odniesieniu do populacji polskiej. Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 673 dzieci z województwa małopolskiego, w tym 223 w wieku 5 lat, 225 w wieku 7 lat oraz 225 w wieku lat 12. Stan uzębienia badano według zaleceń i kryteriów klasyfikacji WHO. Oceniano frekwencję i poziom próchnicy dzieci małopolskich w odniesieniu do wyników wcześniejszych badań prowadzonych w tym województwie. Uzyskane wyniki porównano także do wyników dla całej populacji krajowej z obecnego i poprzednich ogólnopolskich monitoringów. Badania przeprowadzono za zgodą Komisji Bioetycznej przy Warszawskim Uniwersytecie Medycznym Nr KB 190/ 2016. Wyniki. Frekwencja próchnicy dzieci 5-, 7- i 12-letnich z województwa małopolskiego objętych badaniem wyniosła odpowiednio: 74,9; 84,9 i 81,8%. Średnie wartości wskaźnika puwz wyniosły: 4,55 (5-latki) i 5,38 (7-latki), a PUWZ dla poszczególnych grup wiekowych odpowiednio: 0,03; 0,56 i 3,54. Nieznaczny spadek wartości tych wskaźników zauważany jest u 5- i 7-letnich dzieci z Małopolski (spadek frekwencji odpowiednio o 2,5 i 6,7% oraz spadek puwz o 0,71 u 5-latków w stosunku do 2011 roku). Dzieci małopolskie jako jedyne z całej populacji polskich 12-latków utrzymały tendencję spadkową frekwencji (spadek o 12,7% w stosunku do monitoringu z 2010 roku). Redukcja ta wymaga jednak potwierdzenia w kolejnych badaniach monitoringowych. Wnioski. Przedstawione wyniki badań wskazują na utrzymującą się wysoką zapadalność na próchnicę zębów dzieci w województwie małopolskim oraz całym kraju. Konieczna jest intensyfikacja działań mających na celu poprawę tego stanu poprzez edukację zarówno dzieci, jak i rodziców, szeroko zakrojone działania profilaktyczne oraz podniesienie świadomości prozdrowotnej pacjentów.Introduction. In 2016, 5-, 7- and 12-year-old children from the Małopolskie region were included in the study of oral health as part of the Nationwide Monitoring of Oral Health programme, which has been periodically implemented in selected index groups of the Polish population since 1997. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence and level of dental caries in 5-, 7- and 12-year-old children from the Małopolskie region and to observe the dental caries trend in this region in recent years in relation to the Polish population. Material and methods. The study covered 673 children from the Małopolskie region, including 223 aged 5, 225 aged 7 and 225 aged 12 years. Dental condition/state of dentition was examined according to the WHO recommendations and criteria. The prevalence and level of dental caries in children from the Małopolskie region were evaluated and compared with the results of earlier studies from this province. The obtained results were also compared with the results for the entire Polish population from the current and previous nationwide monitoring studies. The studies were conducted upon the consent of the Medical University of Warsaw Ethics Committee no. KB 190/2016. Results. Dental caries prevalence in 5-, 7- and 12-year-old children from the Małopolskie region that were covered by the study was 74.9, 84.9 and 81.8%, respectively. The average values of dmft were 4.55 (in the age group of 5) and 5.38 (in the age group of 7), while DMFT for particular age groups was 0.03, 0.56 and 3.54, respectively. Slight decrease in the value of these indications of caries is noticed for 5- and 7-year-old children from the Małopolskie region (decrease in prevalence by 2.5 and 6.7%, respectively, as well as a fall in the value of dmft by 0.71 in the age group of 5, relative to 2011). The group of 12-year-old children from our region, as the only one from the entire Polish population of children of this age, have kept a downward trend of caries prevalence (a fall by 12.7% relative to the monitoring study from 2010). This reduction needs to be confirmed in the next monitoring studies. Conclusions. The presented results indicate stable high prevalence of dental caries in children of the Małopolskie region and in the whole country. It is therefore necessary to enhance actions intended to improve this situation through education of both children and their parents, widespread prophylaxis, and greater health-oriented awareness of patients

Caries prevalence and intencity in 6-year-old children from the Krakow region

Introduction: A clinical examination of the state of the dentition amongst 6-year-old children was carried out in the region of Krakow in the years 2010-2012. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of caries and caries intensity measured by the average DM F number for secondary teeth and the average dmf number for primary teeth among 6-year-old children. Material and methods: Examinations were carried out on 105 6-year-olds from the Krakow region, who were the patients of Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. The methodology was based on clinical examination according to WHO standards. The prevalence of caries, DM F and dmf average numbers were calculated. Results: The incidence of caries in the examined population reached 63.81%. There was found a higher percentage of children afflicted with decay in rural areas (77.78%) in comparison with small towns (66.67%) and big towns (57.14%). Boys were more often afflicted with decay than girls in rural areas and in big towns. In small towns the situation was opposite. The average dmf number was 4.56 and the average DM F number was 0.43 mostly resulting from teeth with active decay (D = 0.31). There was found to be a higher intensity of caries in rural areas when compared with towns and higher in boys than in girls. Conclusions: In order to improve the oral health of children it is essential to introduce more intensive prevention programs