"The Advance to Car Production and Globalization of the Chinese Munitions Enterprises"

This paper undertakes a practical analysis on the Chinese munitions enterprises' advance to the car production, their formation of the development strategies and the globalization process with foreign-ventured enterprises in order to formulate their mass production system. Along with the end of the cold war, the Chinese munitions enterprises began to transfer to the production of civilian goods. Automobile industry became the primary participation circle to each munitions enterprise. The most successful cases are Chang'an Automobile (Group) Liability Co., Ltd.(Chang'an Auto) to which Armament Industry Corporation(Armament Co.) affiliates, Changhe Aircraft Industry Co. and Harbin Aviation & Automobile Manufacture Corporation Ltd. to which Aviation Industry General Corporation affiliate. Their auto production were ranked the top forth, seventh and ninth in 1999. The background conditions and organization structure of munitions enterprises are quite different with civilian enterprises in their advance to car production. Different with civilian enterprises, the car production of successful munitions enterprises almost started from zero and rapidly increased within short duration. Their development are close related with the development strategy to China of the global enterprises in the Chinese automobile market. This paper will analyze on the development history of the munitions enterprises and their globalization development based on the actual conditions. From the historical view, the development of the Chinese munitions enterprises were affected by the relationship changes with Japan, the former Soviet and America, especially by the China-Japan War. Therefore the production bases of the Chinese munitions industry in the inner areas were set up during China-Japan War and were more enforced during the cold war between America and Soviet. The factories groups which were established in these production bases and produced military goods or machinery goods became the primary enterprises which shifted to the automobile production. The successful munitions enterprises possess rather better management resources and location conditions. Especially, many years' technological know-how of its machinery production, trial production of jeep, experience of small quantity production and the industrial foundation of Chongqing as the location of Chang'an Auto are important conditions which led to its success later. The strategies of "giving up big road, undertaking two-side roads" especially "Mainly Targeting Minis" formulated by Armament Corporation and Aviation Corporation in their initial development period of vehicle production played an important role in rapid increasing of Mini vehicle makers such as Chang'an Auto and the advance to compact car production. After the technological introduction of compact car production, Armament Corporation adopted serial strategies, such as the enforcement of its coordination with foreign makers speedily, structure reorganization and listed stock and mainly increased the car production capacity of Chang'an Auto. From now on, along with WTO participation and motorization, munitions enterprises' coordination with global enterprises such as Suzuki, Mitsubishi, Fuji Heavy Industry, GM and Daimler-Chrysler. will be more enforced and will plan more important role in compact car(around 1L) market.

Different Strategies of Localization in the Chinese Auto Industry: The Cases of Shanghai Volkswagen and Tianjin Daihatsu

Working Paper for the MIT 1996 IMVP Sponsors Meeting Sao Paulo, Brazil 9-12 June 1996Since it is impossible to discuss the diversity of Chinese economy and draw the overall picture of Chinese auto industry, this paper will focus on the character of China's car market, system of car manufacturing, and outline of localization policies. Based on the field surveys, the paper will compare and examine the differences in their localization strategies and production systems between Shanghai-VW and Tianjin Daihatsu. By doing so, we intend to establish a base for further research and survey on the future Chinese auto industry

METTL3/m6A/miRNA-873-5p Attenuated Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Colistin-Induced Kidney Injury by Modulating Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway

Nephrotoxicity of colistin is the major factor limiting its clinical application. However, the exact mechanism of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity is still elusive. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in many biological processes, however, its role in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity needs to be elucidated. Mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mRTECs) were treated with 200 μM colistin with or without METTL3 overexpression. Cells injury, m6A assay, oxidative stress and apoptosis were examined. Levels of m6A are decreased after colistin treatment in mRTECs. METTL3 is the major factor involved in abnormal m6A modification. METTL3 overexpression plays a protective role against colistin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Moreover, METTL3 interacts with the microprocessor protein DGCR8 and positively modulates miR-873-5p mature process in an m6A-dependent manner. Further experiments show that miR-873-5p could regulate Keap1-Nrf2 pathway against colistin-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. These studies revealed an important role of METTL3/m6A in colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and provide a new insight on m6A modification in drug induced toxicity

A Construction of Multisender Authentication Codes with Sequential Model from Symplectic Geometry over Finite Fields

Multisender authentication codes allow a group of senders to construct an authenticated message for a receiver such that the receiver can verify authenticity of the received message. In this paper, we construct multisender authentication codes with sequential model from symplectic geometry over finite fields, and the parameters and the maximum probabilities of deceptions are also calculated

Signatures of a Pressure-Induced Topological Quantum Phase Transition in BiTeI

We report the observation of two signatures of a pressure-induced topological quantum phase transition in the polar semiconductor BiTeI using x-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The x-ray data confirm that BiTeI remains in its ambient-pressure structure up to 8 GPa. The lattice parameter ratio c/a shows a minimum between 2.0-2.9 GPa, indicating an enhanced c-axis bonding through pz band crossing as expected during the transition. Over the same pressure range, the infrared spectra reveal a maximum in the optical spectral weight of the charge carriers, reflecting the closing and reopening of the semiconducting band gap. Both of these features are characteristics of a topological quantum phase transition, and are consistent with a recent theoretical proposal.Comment: revised final versio

Identification of an Immune Signature Predicting Prognosis Risk and Lymphocyte Infiltration in Colon Cancer

Increasing studies have highlighted the effects of the tumor immune micro-environment (TIM) on colon cancer (CC) tumorigenesis, prognosis, and metastasis. However, there is no reliable molecular marker that can effectively estimate the immune infiltration and predict the CC relapse risk. Here, we leveraged the gene expression profile and clinical characteristics from 1430 samples, including four gene expression omnibus database (GEO) databases and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database, to construct an immune risk signature that could be used as a predictor of survival outcome and immune activity. A risk model consisting of 10 immune-related genes were screened out in the Lasso-Cox model and were then aggregated to generate the immune risk signature based on the regression coefficients. The signature demonstrated robust prognostic ability in discovery and validation datasets, and this association remained significant in the multivariate analysis after controlling for age, gender, clinical stage, or microsatellite instability status. Leukocyte subpopulation analysis indicated that the low-risk signature was enriched with cytotoxic cells (activated CD4/CD8(+)T cell and NK cell) and depleted of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells. Further analysis indicated patients with a low-risk signature harbored higher tumor mutation loads and lower mutational frequencies in significantly mutated genes ofAPCandFBXW7. Together, our constructed signature could predict prognosis and represent the TIM of CC, which promotes individualized treatment and provides a promising novel molecular marker for immunotherapy

A predictive model for ethylene-mediated auxin and cytokinin patterning in the Arabidopsis root

The interaction between auxin and cytokinin is important in many aspects of plant development. Experimental measurements of both auxin and cytokinin concentration and reporter gene expression clearly show the coexistence of auxin and cytokinin concentration patterning in Arabidopsis root development. However, in the context of crosstalk between auxin, cytokinin and ethylene, little is known about how auxin and cytokinin concentration patterns simultaneously emerge and how they regulate each other in the Arabidopsis root. This work utilizes a wide range of experimental observations to propose a mechanism for simultaneous patterning of auxin and cytokinin concentration. In addition to the regulatory relationships between auxin and cytokinin, the mechanism reveals that ethylene signalling is an important factor in achieving simultaneous auxin and cytokinin patterning, while also predicting other experimental observations. Combining the mechanism with a realistic in silico root model reproduces experimental observations of both auxin and cytokinin patterning. Predictions made by the mechanism can be compared with a variety of experimental observations, including those conducted by our group and other independent experiments reported by other groups. Examples of these predictions include patterning of auxin biosynthesis rate, PIN1 and PIN2 pattern changes in pin3, 4, 7 mutants, cytokinin patterning change in the pls mutant, PLS patterning, as well as various trends in different mutants. This research unravels a plausible mechanism for simultaneous patterning of auxin and cytokinin concentrations in Arabidopsis root development and suggests a key role for ethylene pattern integration. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Enhancing Emergency Decision-making with Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models

Emergency management urgently requires comprehensive knowledge while having a high possibility to go beyond individuals' cognitive scope. Therefore, artificial intelligence(AI) supported decision-making under that circumstance is of vital importance. Recent emerging large language models (LLM) provide a new direction for enhancing targeted machine intelligence. However, the utilization of LLM directly would inevitably introduce unreliable output for its inherent issue of hallucination and poor reasoning skills. In this work, we develop a system called Enhancing Emergency decision-making with Knowledge Graph and LLM (E-KELL), which provides evidence-based decision-making in various emergency stages. The study constructs a structured emergency knowledge graph and guides LLMs to reason over it via a prompt chain. In real-world evaluations, E-KELL receives scores of 9.06, 9.09, 9.03, and 9.09 in comprehensibility, accuracy, conciseness, and instructiveness from a group of emergency commanders and firefighters, demonstrating a significant improvement across various situations compared to baseline models. This work introduces a novel approach to providing reliable emergency decision support.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figure

Learn to Grasp via Intention Discovery and its Application to Challenging Clutter

Humans excel in grasping objects through diverse and robust policies, many of which are so probabilistically rare that exploration-based learning methods hardly observe and learn. Inspired by the human learning process, we propose a method to extract and exploit latent intents from demonstrations, and then learn diverse and robust grasping policies through self-exploration. The resulting policy can grasp challenging objects in various environments with an off-the-shelf parallel gripper. The key component is a learned intention estimator, which maps gripper pose and visual sensory to a set of sub-intents covering important phases of the grasping movement. Sub-intents can be used to build an intrinsic reward to guide policy learning. The learned policy demonstrates remarkable zero-shot generalization from simulation to the real world while retaining its robustness against states that have never been encountered during training, novel objects such as protractors and user manuals, and environments such as the cluttered conveyor.Comment: Accepted to IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L