Origination, Expansion, Evolutionary Trajectory, and Expression Bias of AP2/ERF Superfamily in Brassica napus

The AP2/ERF superfamily, one of the most important transcription factor families, plays crucial roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. So far, a comprehensive evolutionary inference of its origination and expansion has not been available. Here, we identified 515 AP2/ERF genes in B. napus, a neo-tetraploid forming ~7500 years ago, and found that 82.14% of them were duplicated in the tetraploidization. A prominent subgenome bias was revealed in gene expression, tissue-specific, and gene conversion. Moreover, a large-scale analysis across plants and alga suggested that this superfamily could have been originated from AP2 family, expanding to form other families (ERF, and RAV). This process was accompanied by duplicating and/or alternative deleting AP2 domain, intragenic domain sequence conversion, and/or by acquiring other domains, resulting in copy number variations, alternatively contributing to functional innovation. We found that significant positive selection occurred at certain critical nodes during the evolution of land plants, possibly responding to changing environment. In conclusion, the present research revealed origination, functional innovation, and evolutionary trajectory of the AP2/ERF superfamily, contributing to understanding their roles in plant stress tolerance

Prediction and Dynamic Simulation Verification of Output Characteristics of Radial Piston Motors Based on Neural Networks

Radial piston motors are executive components in hydraulic systems, tasked with providing appropriate torque and speed according to load requirements in practical applications. The purpose of this study is to predict the output torque of radial piston hydraulic motors and confirm their suitable operating conditions. Efficiency determination experiments were conducted on physical models, yielding thirty sets of performance data. Torque (output torque) and mechanical efficiency from the experimental data were selected as prediction targets and fitted using two methods: multiple linear regression and neural networks. A dynamic simulation model was built using Adams2020 software to obtain theoretical torque values, enabling the verification of the alignment between the predicted values and simulation results. The results indicate that the error between the theoretical torque of the dynamic model and the physical experiments is 1.9%, with the error of the neural network predictions being within 2%. The dynamic simulation model can yield highly accurate theoretical torque values, providing a reference for the external load of hydraulic motors; additionally, neural networks offer accurate predictions of output torque, thus reducing experimental testing costs

Application of Machine Learning in Constitutive Relationship Prediction of Porous Titanium Materials for Artificial Bone

Artificial bone porous titanium materials are widely used in orthopedic implants. However, the traditional constitutive model is often limited by the complexity and accuracy of the model, and it is difficult to accurately and efficiently describe the constitutive relationship of porous titanium materials. In this study, structured data were established based on experimental data from published papers, and goodness of fit (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used to evaluate the model. The prediction effect of random forest (RF), multi-layer perceptron (MLPR) and support vector machine (SVR) on the constitutive relationship of porous titanium materials was discussed. Through comprehensive comparison, it can be seen that the RF model with max_depth of 24 and n_estimators of 160 has the best performance in prediction, and the average absolute percentage error is less than 4.4%, which means it can accurately predict the temperature sensitivity and strain rate sensitivity of porous titanium materials. And its predictive ability is better than that of the traditional constitutive model, which provides a new idea and method for the constitutive modeling of porous titanium materials

Bibliometric Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Services in Community Health Service Institutions

Background Community health service institutions play an important role in the protection of people's health, the application of community traditional Chinese medicine services can significantly improve the quality of life for the patients, and alleviate the problems of the accessibility and affordability for the health care. The bliometric analysis on traditional Chinese medicine services in community health service institutions can provide a basis and direction for further improving the capacity of community traditional Chinese medicine services. Objective To explore the development process, research hotspots and frontiers of traditional Chinese medicine services provided by community health service institutions in China based on the bibliometric analysis and scientific knowledge mapping analysis. Methods On January 1, 2023, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP were searched for relevant literature from inception to 2022-12-31. Excel software was used for the statistical analysis of annual publication volume, source journals and source institutions, CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was used for the research collaborative network of institutions, clustering analysis and burst analysis of keywords. Frequency analysis and co-occurrence network analysis of authors and keywords were carried out with VOSviewer software. Results A total of 920 papers were included, as for their sources, 270 journals and 38 universities were involved, represented by Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (80 articles), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (14 articles) with the highest number of articles. A total of 449 research institutions were involved, and the institution with the highest number of articles was Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (23 articles). SHI Yongxing (27 articles) and BAO Yong (18 articles) were the top 2 authors. Twelve clusters could be formed by the co-occurrence analysis of authors, and there was close collaboration among authors within the same cluster, but a wide collaborative network had not been formed yet. A total of 1 252 keywords were involved in this study, forming 13 clusters labeled with "Traditional Chinese Medicine" and "Community", etc. Researches on "constitution of traditional Chinese medicine" and "diabetes mellitus" are expected to become frontiers in this field. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine services in community health service institutions in China is in a period of stable development, however, there are still deficiencies in the richness of research methods, formation of collaborative networks with greater influence and scale. It is necessary to strengthen cooperation among community health service institutions, as well as the cooperation between universities and community health service institutions, by combining multidisciplinary research methods

Effects of Guide Vane Placement Angle on Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow Field and Optimal Design of Hydraulic Capsule Pipelines

With the rapid growth of agricultural trade volumes, the transportation of agricultural products has received widespread attention from society. Aiming at these problems of low transport efficiency and high transport cost in long-distance transport of agricultural products, an energy-saving and environmental-friendly transport mode of agricultural machinery—hydraulic capsule pipelines (HCPs)—was proposed. HCPs effectively solve issues like traffic congestion, energy crises, and atmospheric pollution. Published literature is mainly limited to the capsule speed and the pressure drop characteristics of the fluid within the pipelines. This research was conducted on the following four aspects of HCPs. Firstly, the structure of the carrier was improved and called a ‘piped carriage’. Secondly, a coupled solution between the structural domain of the piped carriage and the fluid domain within the pipelines was numerically investigated by using the commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent 12.0 based on the bidirectional fluid–structure interaction methods. Thirdly, the effects of guide vane placement angle on hydraulic characteristics of the internal flow field within the horizontal pipelines transporting the piped carriage were extensively evaluated. Finally, based on least-cost principle, an optimization model of HCPs was established. The results indicated that the simulated results were in good agreement with the experimental results, which further demonstrated that it was feasible to adopt the bidirectional fluid–structure interaction methods for solving the hydraulic characteristics of the internal flow field when the piped carriage was moving along the pipelines. This article will provide an abundant theoretical foundation for the rational design of HCPs and its popularization and application