Change-Point Estimation of Nonstationary I(d) Processes

We examine the least-squares estimator of change point for nonstationary I(d) data with 0.5least-squares estimator, change point, nonstationary I(d) process, spurious change

The evaluation of pilots performance and mental workload by eye movement

Pilots make important decisions often using ambiguous information, while under stresses and with very little time. During flight operations detecting the warning light of system failure is a task with real-world application relates to measurement of pilot's performance and eye movement. The demand for a pilot’s visual and situational awareness in multiple tasks can be detrimental during pilots’ mental overload conditions. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the relationship between pilot’s mental workload and operational performance by eye tracking. Collecting eye movement data during flight operations in a virtual reality of flight simulator provided useful information to analysis participants’ cognitive processes. There were 36 pilots participated in this research, the experience of flight hours between 320 and 2,920, the range of age between 26 and 51 years old. The apparatus included Applied Science Laboratories (ASL) eye tracking, IDF flight simulator and NASA_TLX for data collection. The results show that pilots with high SA detecting hydraulic malfunction have shorter total fixation duration on Air Speed Indicator and longer total fixation duration on Altitude Indicator, Vertical Speed Indicator, Right multi-display and Left multi-display compared with pilots without detecting the signal of hydraulic malfunction. Pilots’ total fixation time on Integration Control Panel, Altitude Indicator, Attitude Indicator and Right Multi-display, and pilots’ subjective rating on NASA-TLX effort dimension for the mission of close pattern have significant relationship with pilots’ performance on the operational time for completing the tactic mission. Experienced pilots operate aircraft familiar with monitoring Airspeed Indicator and kinetic maneuvering result in less fuel consumption. This study could provide guidelines for future training design to reduce pilots mental workload and improve situational awareness for enhancing flight safety

The Scriptual Conception of Life

The Christian doctrine of hum.an nature as a section of theology is fundamentally built upon the basis of the divine revelation in Scripture, and looks at .man in his relation to God. Therefore, the study of man\u27s life in theology has its own principle which is different from that of science or philosophy. Since Christian anthropology is based on the divine revelation, there must be no contradiction between theological and scientific know1edge concerning life, but we cannot expect to get every detail of scientific answer of human nature out of the Bible

The Development of the Embryo Sac in Ranunculus Glaberrimus Hook

A comparative study of embryological and morphological characters of the ovule in the family Ranunculaceae indicates that considerable variation exists within this family

Soil sampling for nitrate in late spring

Soil sampling for nitrate in late spring when corn plants are 15 to 30 cm tall can be used to obtain information needed for site-specific management of N during corn production. However, variability in soil nitrate concentrations causes sampling problems when using the test to assess N availability. Although variability of soil nitrate concentrations has been studied, there is a lack of information on the uncertainty associated with assessment of nitrate concentrations for small research-sized plots. Also, few studies have been conducted to develop guidelines for efficient sampling of fields for soil nitrate in late spring. Knowledge of the variability of nitrate concentrations within and among small areas of seemingly uniform soil within a field is essential for site-specific management of N;Studies were conducted to learn more about the variability of nitrate concentrations within small plots of seemingly uniform soil and variability among these small plots within a field. Results from these studies show that there is a high degree of uncertainty associated with the determinations of nitrate concentrations from samples collected from small plots of seemingly uniform soil. Such uncertainties must be considered whenever soil nitrate results are interpreted. This problem, however, can be minimized by collecting several samples, looking for trends established by most samples, and giving little credence to samples that do not follow the observed trends. The results also show that much of the within-field variability in nitrate concentrations can be explained by differences in Kjeldahl N concentrations. These findings suggest that within-field differences in soil organic matter concentrations, which are correlated with Kjeldahl N concentrations, offer a practical way to divide fields into \u27sites\u27 for soil nitrate testing. This is helpful because differences in organic matter contents can be visually identified when soil samples are collected

\u3ci\u3eCultural Values and Anticipations of Female Leadership Styles A Study of Rotary Clubs in Taiwan and the United States\u3c/i\u3e

Although the status of women in general has gradually improved in education, employment and leadership over the years, the big picture for women is still disheartening, and female leadership in higher positions is disproportionately represented. To address this issue for more satisfactory gender equality, this study undertakes a comparative quantitative and qualitative study of female leadership in non-profit organizations in the East and the West by exploring the relationships between the Rotary Club members¿ cultural values and their anticipated female leadership styles in Taiwan and the United States. Specifically, this study will provide more academic perspectives on female leadership in cross-cultural studies, strive to overcome conceptual and methodological biases in current leadership research, contribute to research on leadership behaviors in non-profit organizations, apply academic knowledge to female leadership practices, and raise individual consciousness of the benefit of female leadership.https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/facultybooks/1175/thumbnail.jp