Diaqua­bis­(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)manganese(II) sulfate hexa­hydrate

In the title compound, [Mn(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2]SO4·6H2O, the complex cations assemble into positively charged sheets parallel to (010) via inter­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions with a mean interplanar distance of 3.410 (6) along [100] and 3.465 (5) Å along [001]. The sulfate anions and uncoordinated water mol­ecules are inter­connected between these layers by hydrogen bonds, forming negatively charged layers which are linked to the positive layers through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional architecture. Both the positive and negative sheets are stacked along [010] in an ⋯ABAB⋯ sequence, the A layers being shifted by 1/2a along [100] with respect to the B layers. One of the uncoordinated water molecules is equally disordered over two positions

Poly[tetra-n-butyl­ammonium [(μ5-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxyl­ato)(μ4-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxyl­ato)-μ3-hydroxido-trizincate] 0.25-hydrate]

In the asymmetric unit of title coordination polymer, {(C16H36N)[Zn3(C9H3O6)2(OH)]·0.25H2O}n, there are three independent Zn2+ cations, two benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxyl­ate ligands and a μ3-bridging hydroxide group, together with a tetra-n-butyl­ammonium counter-cation and a partially occupied water molecule of solvation (occupancy 0.25). Each Zn ion is coordinated by three carboxyl­ate O atoms and one O atom from the bridging hydroxide ion, displaying a slightly distorted tetra­hedral stereochemistry [overall Zn—O range = 1.875 (3)–1.987 (2) Å]. An intra­molecular hydrogen bond involving the hydroxide H atom and a carboxyl­ate O-atom acceptor is also present in the complex unit. The bridging benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxyl­ate anions generate a three-dimensional framework structure

catena-Poly[diaqua­(cis-cyclo­hexane-1,2-dicarboxyl­ato)cadmium]

In the title polymer, [Cd(C8H10O4)(H2O)2]n, the CdII cation is coordinated by five carboxyl­ate O atoms from three different cyclo­hexane-1,2-dicarboxyl­ate anions and two O atoms from two water mol­ecules, displaying a distorted CdO7 pentagonal–bipyramidal geometry. Each anion acts as a μ3-bridge, linking symmetry-related CdII ions into a layer parallel to (010). In the crystal, numerous O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur. The coordinated water mol­ecules and carboxyl­ate O atoms act as donors or acceptors in the formation of these hydrogen-bonding inter­actions

Bis(1H-benzotriazole-4-sulfonato-κ2 N 3,O)(2,2′-bipyridyl-κ2 N,N′)cadmium

In the title complex, [Cd(C6H4N3O3S)2(C10H8N2)], the Cd2+ cation is located on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated by two N and two O atoms from two symmetry-related benzotriazole-4-sulfonate anions and two N atoms from a 2,2-bipyridyl ligand, displaying a distorted CdN4O2 octa­hedral geometry. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions

Bis(1H-benzotriazole-7-sulfonato-κO)bis­(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)cadmium dihydrate

In the title complex, [Cd(C6H4N3O3S)2(C12H8N2)2]·2H2O, the Cd2+ cation is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by four N atoms from two symmetry-related 1,10-phenanthroline ligands and two sulfonate O atoms from two benzotriazole-7-sulfonate anions, displaying a distorted CdN4O2 octa­hedral geometry. In the crystal, O—H⋯N, O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O, C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur. The lattice water mol­ecules and sulfonate O atoms as donor or acceptor atoms play important roles in the formation of these inter­actions

Poly[aqua­{μ3-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmeth­yl)amino]­isophthalato-κ5 N,N′:O 1,O 1′:O 3}cobalt(II)]

In the title polymer, {[Co(C14H10N2O4)(H2O)]·3.5H2O}n, the Co2+ ion is coordinated by three carboxyl­ate O atoms from two 5-[(pyridin-2-ylmeth­yl)amino]­isophthalate anions, two N atoms from a (pyridin-2-ylmeth­yl)amino group and an O atom from a water mol­ecule, furnishing a distorted CoO4N2 octa­hedral geometry. Each anion acts as a μ3-bridge, linking cobalt ions into a two-dimensional layer parallel to (100). The asymmetric unit also contains three and a half solvent water mol­ecules, which could not be modeled. Therefore, the diffraction contribution of the solvent water mol­ecules was removed by the subroutine SQUEEZE in PLATON [Spek (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155]. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in which the coordinated water mol­ecule acts as donor and the carboxyl­ate O atoms as acceptors

A HINT from Arithmetic: On Systematic Generalization of Perception, Syntax, and Semantics

Inspired by humans' remarkable ability to master arithmetic and generalize to unseen problems, we present a new dataset, HINT, to study machines' capability of learning generalizable concepts at three different levels: perception, syntax, and semantics. In particular, concepts in HINT, including both digits and operators, are required to learn in a weakly-supervised fashion: Only the final results of handwriting expressions are provided as supervision. Learning agents need to reckon how concepts are perceived from raw signals such as images (i.e., perception), how multiple concepts are structurally combined to form a valid expression (i.e., syntax), and how concepts are realized to afford various reasoning tasks (i.e., semantics). With a focus on systematic generalization, we carefully design a five-fold test set to evaluate both the interpolation and the extrapolation of learned concepts. To tackle this challenging problem, we propose a neural-symbolic system by integrating neural networks with grammar parsing and program synthesis, learned by a novel deduction--abduction strategy. In experiments, the proposed neural-symbolic system demonstrates strong generalization capability and significantly outperforms end-to-end neural methods like RNN and Transformer. The results also indicate the significance of recursive priors for extrapolation on syntax and semantics.Comment: Preliminary wor

Knockout of Pannexin-1 Induces Hearing Loss

Mutations of gap junction connexin genes induce a high incidence of nonsyndromic hearing loss. Pannexin genes also encode gap junctional proteins in vertebrates. Recent studies demonstrated that Pannexin-1 (Panx1) deficiency in mice and mutation in humans are also associated with hearing loss. So far, several Panx1 knockout (KO) mouse lines were established. In general, these Panx1 KO mouse lines demonstrate consistent phenotypes in most aspects, including hearing loss. However, a recent study reported that a Panx1 KO mouse line, which was created by Genentech Inc., had no hearing loss as measured by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold at low-frequency range (\u3c 24 kHz). Here, we used multiple auditory function tests and re-examined hearing function in the Genentech Panx1 (Gen-Panx1) KO mouse. We found that ABR thresholds in the Gen-Panx1 KO mouse were significantly increased, in particular, in the high-frequency region. Moreover, consistent with the increase in ABR threshold, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and cochlear microphonics (CM), which reflect active cochlear amplification and auditory receptor current, respectively, were significantly reduced. These data demonstrated that the Gen-Panx1 KO mouse has hearing loss and further confirmed that Panx1 deficiency can cause deafness