The growth of agricultural administration 1880-1900 : the dairy industry as a test case : thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University

No historical writer is likely to deny that the growth of a relatively intensive administration was an integral part of the total Liberal achievement. Nevertheless, little enough research has been done on the nature of governmental growth in this period. Gibbons and Brooking have performed some of the spadework in this field and this thesis will attempt to slightly broaden and deepen the enquiry. 1 Sea Gibbons, P.J. "'Turning Tramps into Taxpayers' – The Department of Labour and the Casual Labourer in the 1890's", unpublished M.A. thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, 1970; and T.W.H. Brooking, "Sir John McKenzie and the Origins and Growth of the Department of Agriculture, 1391-1900", unpublished M.A. thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, 1972. It is particularly in the explanation of Liberal administrative growth, comparable only with that experienced in the early years of the first Labour Government, that the hypothesis developed below will take a different course. Gibbons on the Labour Department, and Brooking on the Department of Agriculture, have emphasized the role of personalities, especially master bureaucrats, in their explanations of the massive quantitative and qualitative growth that the Liberal period of government (1891-1911) witnessed. The zealot Tregear, it would seem, successfully applied his peculiar bureaucratic ethic during those years of the 1890's when his idealism and effective control of the Labour Department existed in a relationship which enabled him to provide his conscious contribution to the "administrative revolution" then taking place. J.D. Rtitchie, Brooking suggests, was only able to work his unobstrusive revolution once he was under the supervision of T.Y. Duncan and R. McNab, both decidedly weaker Ministers of Agriculture than Sir John McKenzie. [From Introduction

Deciphering the role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of T and NK cell lymphoproliferations

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a highly successful herpesvirus, colonizing more than 90% of the adult human population worldwide, although it is also associated with various malignant diseases. Primary infection is usually clinically silent, and subsequent establishment of latency in the memory B lymphocyte compartment allows persistence of the virus in the infected host for life. EBV is so markedly B-lymphotropic when exposed to human lymphocytes in vitro that the association of EBV with rare but distinct types of T and NK cell lymphoproliferations was quite unexpected. Whilst relatively rare, these EBV-associated T and NK lymphoproliferations can be therapeutically challenging and prognosis for the majority of patients is dismal. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of these tumours, and the implications for treatment. \ud \u

An Approach to Automotive Electrification and Testing

In order to compete in the EcoCAR 2 competition, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University has redesigned the Powertrain of a 2013 Chevrolet Malibu into a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. This endeavor was made possible by the EcoCAR 2 competition sponsored by the Department of Energy, General Motors, and Argonne National Laboratory. The Powertrain was changed from a conventional internal combustion engine with a start/stop capability, to a fully electric Powertrain, with a diesel generator, and plug in charging capability. This paper will cover the electrical work performed on the vehicle during the summer prior to year three of the competition, EcoCAR 2 year three, and preliminary work for EcoCAR 3 year one competition. The main focus of this paper will be on the electrical system integration and vehicle testing. Some of the systems include for the EcoCAR 2 are the Selective Catalytic Reduction system, high voltage cabling optimization, CAN bus network, and charging system. For EcoCAR 3, the design and build of a high voltage distribution box, for bench testing, will be discussed. Simulations of the high voltage bus are also explored to gain insight into the voltage ripple and resonant frequency of the high voltage system in the vehicle

Control Area Network Limitations in EcoCAR

This research was conducted to produce a Communication Area Network (CAN) system that can effectively send messages using an Arduino with a CAN shield and to determine characteristic robustness. CAN systems are the most prominent form of communication between microcontrollers and devices primarily within vehicles. The CAN system itself was analyzed to determine the system’s robustness and weaknesses, along with proving that a twisted-paired wire is much more effective than a non-twisted pair. A relay was used to control the CAN messages to determine CAN practical usability. An Electro-magnetic Field radiation meter was used to determine the ambient electromagnetic field intensity at which the signal of both the twisted paired wire and the non-twisted paired wire distorted

A bee or not a bee: an experimental test of acoustic mimicry by hoverflies

The degree of similarity between Batesian mimics and their models varies widely and occurs across a range of sensory modalities. We use three complementary experimental paradigms to investigate acoustic mimicry in hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) which mimic stinging Hymenoptera. First, we analyse sounds made by 13 hoverfly species and 9 Hymenoptera species with and without simulated predation (“alarm” and “flight” sounds, respectively). We demonstrate that the bumblebees Bombus terrestris, B. hortorum, and B. lucorum, and the hoverfly Cheilosia illustrata exhibit alarm sounds that are significantly different to their respective flight sounds, and indistinguishable between species. We then demonstrate that the B. terrestris alarm sound reduces predation on artificial prey by wild birds, but that the hoverfly mimic alarm sound does not. Finally, we trained chicks to avoid distasteful food in the presence of different acoustic stimuli. Overall the chicks showed no difference in response to bee and hoverfly stimuli, demonstrating no innate aversion to the Bombus alarm sound. We therefore conclude that (i) similarity of acoustic signals exists among Hymenoptera and hoverflies, (ii) acoustic aposematic signals (but not the almost identical mimetic signals) are effective at reducing predation, and (iii) wild birds exhibit learned rather than innate aversion to certain acoustic stimuli

O tema da raiva na Retórica e na Ética de Aristóteles

Em breve “diálogo” com dois textos do Prof. John Cooper, este artigo trata um aspecto particular da relação entre os tratamentos da “alma”, principalmente, no Livro IV da República de Platão; e por Aristóteles no De anima, na Retórica e nos tratados éticos. Para Platão, a alma humana representa a combinação de três elementos, partes ou fatores - logistikon, thumoeides, epithumêtikon -, comparáveis a um homem, um leão e um monstro e respectivamente associados a ações causadas pela razão, pelo “thumos” ou por nossos apetites. A tripartição é uma ideia dominante pelo menos em contextos relacionados à psicologia moral e à explicação da ação nos diálogos platônicos a partir da República. Não há grande interesse de Aristóteles pelas “partes” da alma, mas pelo menos no contexto ético há alguma tendência a dividir a alma, se bem que apenas por analogia, e divide frequentemente o desejo em três subtipos - boulêsis, thumos e epithumia. Contudo, naqueles textos aristotélicos que se preocupam mais diretamente com a psicologia moral, isto é, os tratados éticos e a Retórica, o que realmente mais chama a atenção é, acima de tudo, a ausência da tripartição da alma. Para Aristóteles, não há muita utilidade para qualquer ideia de “partes” da alma no sentido platônico