The extended growth of graphene oxide flakes using ethanol CVD

We report the extended growth of Graphene Oxide (GO) flakes using atmospheric pressure ethanol Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). GO was used to catalyze the deposition of carbon on substrate in the ethanol CVD with Ar and H2 as carrier gases. Raman, SEM, XPS 10 and AFM characterized the growth to be reduced GO (RGO) of <5 layers. This new grown RGO possesses lower defect density with larger and increased distribution of sp2 domains than chemically-reduced RGO. Furthermore this method without optimization reduces relative standard deviation of electrical conductivity between chips, from 80.5% to 16.5%, enabling RGO to be used in practical electronic devices

Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (SEIRAS) of Light-Activated Photosynthetic Reaction Centers from <i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i> Reconstituted in a Biomimetic Membrane System

Surface-enhanced IR absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) in the ATR configuration has been performed on reaction centers (RCs) from <i>R. sphaeroides</i>. Surface-enhancement is achieved by a thin, structured gold film present on the surface of an ATR crystal. Purified RCs are immobilized as a monolayer on top of the gold film via a poly his-tag engineered to the C-terminal end of the M subunit. Subsequently, the RCs are reconstituted into a lipid bilayer by in situ dialysis. Light-minus-dark absorbance spectra were recorded under continuous illumination using the spectrum in the dark as the reference. A number of strong bands have been observed indicating the excitation of the special pair as well as alterations of quinone/quinol species. Spectra were recorded at different time intervals with and without liposoluble Q₁₀ coreconstituted into the lipid phase. A steady (photostationary) state was approached slowly and bands were found to increase or decrease reversibly on illumination and relaxation. Tentative assignments were made for some bands, based on previous FTIR measurements. The long time scale of these processes was tentatively explained in terms of interprotein reactions of RC molecules

Summary of estimates from the different types of analysis.

<p>Lines represent 95% CIs. CI, confidence interval; MR, Mendelian randomization; OR, odds ratio; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.</p

Association of adiposity-related genetic variants with childhood body mass index and type 1 diabetes.

<p>Association of adiposity-related genetic variants with childhood body mass index and type 1 diabetes.</p

Sensitivity analysis.

<p>Upper panels show scatter plots of genetic association with type 1 diabetes over genetic associations with SDS-BMI. Lines represent 95% confidence intervals. The lower panels show funnel plots of instrumental variable precision against instrumental variable estimates for genetic associations between SDS-BMI and type 1 diabetes. In all panels, the dashed line represents slopes/estimates for inverse-variance-weighted analysis, and the dotted line represents the slope from MR Egger regression. rs13130484 and rs13107325 were nominally associated (<i>p</i> < 0.01) with education and marked with blue color. IV, instrumental variable; SDS-BMI, age- and sex-specific standard deviation score of childhood body mass index; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; T1D, type 1 diabetes.</p

Association of childhood adiposity-related genetic variants with “ever smoker.”

<p>Lines represent 95% confidence intervals. Note that because of the large number of SNPs investigated, the threshold for nominal significance was set to <i>p</i> < 0.01. No SNP was alone associated with smoking, but the combined score showed a positive association. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.</p

Two-Dimensional Heterospectral Correlation Analysis of the Redox-Induced Conformational Transition in Cytochrome <i>c</i> Using Surface-Enhanced Raman and Infrared Absorption Spectroscopies on a Two-Layer Gold Surface

The heme protein cytochrome <i>c</i> adsorbed to a two-layer gold surface modified with a self-assembled monolayer of 2-mercaptoethanol was analyzed using a two-dimensional (2D) heterospectral correlation analysis that combined surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Stepwise increasing electric potentials were applied to alter the redox state of the protein and to induce conformational changes within the protein backbone. We demonstrate herein that 2D heterospectral correlation analysis is a particularly suitable and useful technique for the study of heme-containing proteins as the two spectroscopies address different portions of the protein. Thus, by correlating SERS and SEIRAS data in a 2D plot, we can obtain a deeper understanding of the conformational changes occurring at the redox center and in the supporting protein backbone during the electron transfer process. The correlation analyses are complemented by molecular dynamics calculations to explore the intramolecular interactions

Patterning of Plasmonic Nanoparticles into Multiplexed One-Dimensional Arrays Based on Spatially Modulated Electrostatic Potential

We report a new strategy to pattern plasmonic nanoparticles into multiplexed one-dimensional arrays based on the spatially modulated electrostatic potential. The 32 nm Au nanoparticles can be simultaneously deposited on one chip with tunable interparticle distance by solely adjusting the width of the grooves. Furthermore, 32 and 13 nm Au nanoparticles can be selectively deposited in grooves of different widths on one chip. As a result, the surface plasmon absorption bands on the chip can be tuned depending on the interparticle distance or the particle size of multiplex 1D arrays, which could enhance the Raman scattering cross section of the adsorbed molecules and result in multiplex surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) response on the chip. This strategy provides a general method to fabricate 1D multiplex arrays with different particle sizes and interparticle distances on one chip

Correction: Effect of Insulin Resistance on Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Levels: A Multi-cohort Non-targeted Metabolomics and Mendelian Randomization Study

<p>Correction: Effect of Insulin Resistance on Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Levels: A Multi-cohort Non-targeted Metabolomics and Mendelian Randomization Study</p

Sample characteristics.

<p>Means ± standard deviation (SD) are shown for continuous, percentages for categorical variables (characteristics of replication cohorts are detailed in <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006379#pgen.1006379.s001" target="_blank">S1 Text</a>).</p