Schwarzhörer und Denunzianten

Die Dissertaion befasst sich mit der Verordnung über außerordentliche Rundfunkmaßnahmen und ihrer juristischen Durchsetzung in Ostösterreich anhand der Rechtsprechung des Sondergerichtes Wien. Dabei stand die Beschäftigung mit mit den Personen, die ausländische Sender hörten und ihre Sanktionierung durch das Sondergericht im Vordergrund. Zusätzlich nahm die Befassung mit der Thematik der Denunziation breiten Raum ein.This thesis dealt with the decree 'on extraordinary radio measures' on the Basis of its implemention by the Vienna Special Court during the Second World War

Entwicklung eines multimedialen Lehr- und Informationssystems zur Schulung der "koordinativen Leistungsvoraussetzungen" im Grundschulalter

Die im Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit entstandene CD verfolgt mehrere grundlegende Ziele. Grundsätzlich steht der große Stellenwert, den das Grundschulalter für die Entwicklung des koordinativen Leistungsvermögens einnimmt, im Vordergrund. Es muss allen Personen, die Kindern in diesem Alter, Bewegung und Sport näher bringen, die enorme Wichtigkeit dieser Tatsache klar sein und ein Bewusstsein dafür geschürt werden. Denn eine frühzeitige und systematische Ausbildung der koordinativen Grundlagen ist von fundamentaler Bedeutung. Diese Arbeit entstand vor dem Hintergrund ein Medium zu schaffen, das die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten neuer Medientechnologien aufgreift und in einem multimedialen Lehr- und Informationssystem zur Schulung der koordinativen Leistungsvoraussetzungen im Grundschulalter umsetzt. Das Medium in Form einer CD vereint praktische Beispiele mit den dazugehörigen theoretischen Grundlagen und richtet sich an Lehrer/innen, Trainer/innen, Übungsleiter/innen sowie an alle Personen, die Kindern im Grundschulalter Bewegung und Sport näher bringen

Does obesity affect acetabular cup position, spinopelvic function and sagittal spinal alignment? A prospective investigation with standing and sitting assessment of primary hip arthroplasty patients

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) instability is influenced by acetabular component positioning, spinopelvic function and sagittal spinal alignment. Obesity is considered as a risk factor of THA instability, but the causal relationship remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influence of BMI on (1) spinopelvic function (lumbar flexibility, pelvic mobility and hip motion), (2) sagittal spinal alignment pre- and postoperatively and (3) acetabular cup position postoperatively in primary THA patients in a prospective setting. Methods: One hundred ninety patients receiving primary total hip arthroplasty were enrolled in a prospective cohort study and retrospectively analysed. All patients received stereoradiography (EOS) in standing and relaxed sitting position pre-and postoperatively. C7-sagittal vertical axis (C7-SVA), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), anterior plane pelvic tilt (APPT), and pelvic femoral angle (PFA) were assessed. Key parameters of the spinopelvic function were defined as lumbar flexibility ( increment LL = LLstanding - LLsitting), pelvic mobility ( increment PT = PTstanding - PTsitting) and hip motion ( increment PFA = PFA(standing) - PFA(sitting)). Pelvic mobility was further defined based on increment PT as stiff, normal and hypermobile ( increment PT 30 degrees). The patients were stratified to BMI according to WHO definition: normal BMI >= 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2) (n = 68), overweight >= 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2) (n = 81) and obese >= 30-39.9 kg/m(2) (n = 41). Post-hoc analysis according to Hochberg's GT2 was applied to determine differences between BMI groups. Results: Standing cup inclination was significant higher in the obese group compared to the normal BMI group (45.3 degrees vs. 40.1 degrees; p = 0.015) whereas standing cup anteversion was significantly decreased (22.0 degrees vs. 25.3 degrees; p = 0.011). There were no significant differences for spinopelvic function key parameter lumbar flexibility ( increment LL), pelvic mobility ( increment PT) and hip motion ( increment PFA) in relation to BMI stratified groups. The obese group demonstrated significant enhanced pelvic retroversion compared to the normal BMI group (APPT - 1.8 degrees vs. 2.4 degrees; p = 0.028). The preoperative proportion of stiff pelvic mobility was decreased in the obese group (12.2%) compared to normal (25.0%) and overweight (27.2%) groups. Spinal sagittal alignment in C7-SVA and PI-LL mismatch demonstrated significantly greater imbalance in the obese group compared to the normal BMI group (68.6 mm vs. 42.6 mm, p = 0.002 and 7.7 degrees vs. 1.2 degrees, p = 0.032, respectively) The proportion of patients with imbalanced C7-SVA was higher in the obese (58.5%) than in the normal BMI group (44.1%). Conclusions: The significantly increased spinal sagittal imbalance with altered pelvic mechanics is a potential cause for the reported increased risk of THA dislocations in obese patients. Consequently, the increased spinal sagittal imbalance in combination with normal pelvic mobility need to be taken into account when performing THA in obese patients

Down-phase auditory stimulation is not able to counteract pharmacologically or physiologically increased sleep depth in traumatic brain injury rats

Modulation of slow-wave activity, either via pharmacological sleep induction by administering sodium oxybate or sleep restriction followed by a strong dissipation of sleep pressure, has been associated with preserved posttraumatic cognition and reduced diffuse axonal injury in traumatic brain injury rats. Although these classical strategies provided promising preclinical results, they lacked the specificity and/or translatability needed to move forward into clinical applications. Therefore, we recently developed and implemented a rodent auditory stimulation method that is a scalable, less invasive and clinically meaningful approach to modulate slow-wave activity by targeting a particular phase of slow waves. Here, we assessed the feasibility of down-phase targeted auditory stimulation of slow waves and evaluated its comparative modulatory strength in relation to the previously employed slow-wave activity modulators in our rat model of traumatic brain injury. Our results indicate that, in spite of effectively reducing slow-wave activity in both healthy and traumatic brain injury rats via down-phase targeted stimulation, this method was not sufficiently strong to counteract the boost in slow-wave activity associated with classical modulators, nor to alter concomitant posttraumatic outcomes. Therefore, the usefulness and effectiveness of auditory stimulation as potential standalone therapeutic strategy in the context of traumatic brain injury warrants further exploration

Controlling the formation of sodium/black phosphorus intercalated compounds towards high sodium content

The solid-state synthesis of pure sodium-black phosphorus intercalation compounds (Na-BPICs) has been optimized in bulk for two stoichiometric ratios. Specifically, in-situ X-Ray diffraction (XRD) allowed the precise identification of the optimal temperature range for the formation of Na-BPICs: 94 °C–96 °C. Moreover, as the undesired formation of Na3P takes place at this very same range, we succeeded in introducing a new synthetic route based on a fast-thermal ball milling implementation that results in the bulk production of BPIC without Na3P in 9 out of 10 cases. Finally, by combining XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and DFT calculations we developed a new structural model for Na-based BPICs showing an increase of BP's unit cell with Na atoms incorporated in every second layer. These results will pave the way for the large-scale synthesis and application of pure BPICs, which are of great interest in fields such as optoelectronics or energy storage.PNICTOCHEM 804110 (G.A.)PID2019-111742-GA-I00CIDEGENT/2018/00

Key Properties of Ni-Mn-Ga Based Single Crystals Grown with the SLARE Technique

Magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs), exhibit large strains and hence are materials, which could substitute giant magnetostrictive and piezoelectrical materials in actuating devices. The actuation stress needed to induce the strain is much lower than in other actuator materials. Since the strain can be induced without phase transformation by a magnetic field, the development of actuators with high working frequencies is possible. However, for reasonable applications, large strains have to be induced with small magnetic fields. Up to now repeatable magnetically induced strains of 5–10% in magnetic fields of less than 500 mT have been achieved only in single crystals. The production of NiMnGa based single crystals is difficult and time consuming. The crystal quality is affected by porosity and impurities. With the Bridgeman based method called Slag Remelting and Encapsulation (SLARE) single crystalline ingots of NiMnGa, NiMnGaFe, and NiMnGaCo of high quality were grown and characterized. The results show that MSMA properties depend on the position within the single crystalline rods due to a composition gradient. The influence of surface treatment demonstrates that the decrease of surface roughness leads to a decrease of twinning stress. MSMAs with twinning stresses above 1 MPa show a magnetic field induced strain (MFIS) when tilting is not restricted by constraints. Softer samples can adapt to constraints much better and show large MFIS. Substituting Ni by Fe and Co, shifted the phase transitions successfully to higher temperatures. NiMnGa alloyed with up to 6 at.% Co showed three different martensite structures: a non-modulated tetragonal structure, a modulated tetragonal structure, showing the same behavior as NiMnGa with identical structures and a non-modulated orthorhombic structure with a stress–strain-behavior explainable by the double twinning mechanism

Sensitivity of Twin Boundary Movement to Sample Orientation and Magnetic Field Direction in Ni-Mn-Ga

When applying a magnetic field parallel or perpendicular to the long edge of a parallelepiped Ni-Mn-Ga stick, twin boundaries move instantaneously or gradually through the sample. We evaluate the sample shape dependence on twin boundary motion with a micromagnetics computational study of magnetic domain structures and their energies. Due to the sample shape, the demagnetization factor varies with the direction of the external magnetic field. When the external magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the long edge of the sample, i.e. in the direction in which the demagnetizing field is highest, the magnetic energy intermittently increases when the strength of the applied magnetic field is low. This energy gain hinders the twin boundary motion and results in a gradual switching, i.e. a gradual magnetization reversal as the applied magnetic field is increased. The formation of 180° magnetic domains offsets this effect partially. In contrast, when the applied magnetic field is parallel to the long edge of the sample, i.e. in the direction in which the demagnetizing field is lowest, the energy decreases with each subsequent magnetization domain reversal and the twin boundary moves instantaneously with ongoing switching. The actuation mode with the field parallel to the long sample edge lends itself for on-off actuators whereas the actuation mode with the field perpendicular to the long sample edge lends itself to gradual positioning devices