Persian bee propolis and pollen extracts enhanced the non-specific immune response of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila

The effect of Persian bee propolis and pollen extracts on innate immune response of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) was investigated. Fish were fed diets containing 1% Pollen, 1% propolis and combination of the two immune-stimulants (0.5% Pollen and 0.5% propolis) as treatment groups and fed without the two immune-stimulants as positive and negative control groups for 4 weeks. The effects of different stimulants at different weeks (Time × stimulants) were analyzed with the Repeated Measures ANOVA. The first-four groups were then subjected to Aeromonas hydrophila for 5 days. The phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, Plasma Total Protein and cumulative mortality were monitored. The results showed that fish fed diet containing 1% propolos or 0.5% Pollen+ 0.5% propolis enhanced non-specific immunity including respiratory burst activity, phagocytosis but decreases the mortality in challenging with A. hydrophila by 45 and 65%, respectively

The effect of saffron supplementation on blood glucose and lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Despite several studies about the effects of saffron supplementation on serum concentrations of lipid and glucose profiles, no systematic study had summarized the findings. Therefore, we conduct current study to systematically summarize findings from studies about the effect of saffron supplementation on serum levels of glucose and lipid profiles and to do a meta-analysis, if possible. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for clinical trials published in PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Cochrane's Library and ISI Web of Science from the beginning to 22 February 2019. All randomized clinical trials on the effect of saffron supplementation on serum concentrations of lipid and glucose profiles were included. Results: In overall, six studies were included in the current study. Pooled analysis of six studies for the effect of saffron on serum TG, TC and FBG concentrations and of five studies for LDL and HDL, showed a significant reduction in TG (WMD: -8.93 mg/dl; 95 CI: -16.49 to -1.37, P = 0.02) and TC levels (WMD: -5.72 mg/dl; 95 CI: -11.10 to -0.34, P = 0.03), a significant increase in HDL levels (WMD: 2.7 mg/dl; 95 CI: 0.22 to 5.18, P = 0.03), and no significant effect on LDL (WMD: -2.30 mg/dl; 95 CI: -11.73 to 7.13, P = 0.63) and FBG levels (WMD: -5.30 mg/dl; 95 CI: -14.20 to 3.60, P = 0.51). Conclusion: We found a significant reduction in serum concentrations of TC and TG and a significant increase in serum levels of HDL following supplementation with saffron. Saffron supplementation had no significant influence on serum FPG and LDL concentrations. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the light salted fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

The effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora essential oils at concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.135, 0.405 and 0.810% on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus were studied in a food model system, light salted fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) at storage temperature of 10ºC for 21 days. The results showed that there was no significant difference in bacterial growth between samples treated with different concentrations of Z. multiflora essential oil and control group immediately post-inoculation. However, there was significant difference in growth of S. aureus between samples treated with concentration of 0.135 of Z. multiflora essential oil and control samples (P0.05) except of 1-day post-storage. The most inhibitorial effects were observed in the samples treated with 0.405% and 0.8 10% of Z. multiflora essential oil up to 9 and 12 days post- storage, respectively

Effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in salted Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fish fillets

Salting of fish is a traditional method for fish preservation which reduces corruption, increase shelf life and is used in order to have an access to the new markets. In some countries, consuming semi-cooked or raw salted and smoked fish is well-liked. Due to the presence of halophilic microorganisms in salted fish, occurrence of food-borne infections is probable. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of NaCl on Staphlococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in salted silver carp. Effect of different concentrations of NaCl (4, 8, 12 %) on behavior of Staphlococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in 10˚C during 3 weeks (0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 days) was determined by evaluation of the bacterial growth in salted fish fillets. Statistical analysis showed that application of different concentrations of NaCl had significant inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and L.monocytogenes in salted fish fillets compared to control group (

Green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves and assessment of their cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cutaneous wound healing properties

Nanotechnology encompasses the understanding of the fundamental physics, biology, chemistry and technology of nanometre-scale objects. In recent decades, nanotechnology has grown rapidly owing to its widespread application in science and industry. The aim of the work reported was the green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves (AgNPs@Falcaria) and evaluation of their cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cutaneous wound healing effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions. These nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopies, scanning and transmission electron microscopies and atomic force microscopy. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging experiments were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential, which indicated similar antioxidant potentials for AgNPs@Falcaria and butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized AgNPs@Falcaria had great cell viability dose-dependently, indicating their non-toxicity. Minimum inhibitory, minimum bactericidal and minimum fungicidal concentrations were determined by macro-broth dilution assay. The data were analysed using SPSS software (Duncan post hoc test). AgNPs@Falcaria revealed higher antibacterial and antifungal activities than many standard antibiotics (p <= 0.01). Also, AgNPs@Falcaria prevented the growth of all bacteria at 2-8 mg ml(-1) concentrations and removed them at 4-16 mg ml(-1) concentrations (p <= 0.01). AgNPs@Falcaria inhibited the growth of all fungi at 2-4 mg ml(-1) concentrations and destroyed them at 4-8 mg ml(-1) concentrations (p <= 0.01). For in vivo experiments, after creating a cutaneous wound, rats were randomly divided into six groups: untreated control, treatment with eucerin basal ointment, treatment with 3 tetracycline ointment, treatment with 0.2 AgNO3 ointment, treatment with 0.2 F. vulgaris ointment and treatment with 0.2 AgNPs@Falcaria ointment. Use of AgNPs@Falcaria ointment in the treatment groups substantially decreased (p <= 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes and markedly raised (p <= 0.01) wound contracture, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocytes and fibrocyte/fibroblast ratio compared to the other groups. In summary, the synthesized AgNPs@Falcaria revealed non-cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and cutaneous wound healing activities in a dose-dependent manner

Falcaria vulgaris leaf aqueous extract mediated synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their therapeutic potentials under in vitro and in vivo condition

In recent years, researchers have used bionanotechnology techniques as cost-effective and eco-friendly routes to fabricate nanoparticles. The present study confirms the ability of aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris for the biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs@F. vulgaris). Also, in this study, we showed the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, cutaneous wound healing, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of these nanoparticles. FeNPs@F. vulgaris were characterized by UV, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM analysis. According to the XRD analysis, 25.3 nm was measured for the crystal size of nanoparticles. FE-SEM and TEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and average diameters of 25 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. FTIR results offered protein and polysaccharides in F. vulgaris were the sources of reducing power, reducing iron ions to FeNPs@F. vulgaris. In vivo design, FeNPs@F. vulgaris ointment remarkably reduced (p <= 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte and substantially increased (p <= 0.01) the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate compared to other groups in rats. Also, FeNPs@F. vulgaris indicated potential antioxidant activity against DPPH, antifungal potentials against Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Candida guilliermondii, antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli O157:H7) without any cytotoxicity effect against human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Finally, the results showed the useful antioxidant, non-cytotoxic, cutaneous wound healing, antifungal, and antibacterial effects of FeNPs@F. vulgaris

Application of titanium nanoparticles containing natural compounds in cutaneous wound healing

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The aim of the study was the rapid green synthesis of titanium nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves (TiNPs@FV) and exploring their antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antifungal, antibacterial, and cutaneous wound healing activities under in vitro and in vivo condition. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy TEM) analyses. The synthesized TiNPs@FV had great cell viability on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and indicted this method was nontoxic. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for F. vulgaris, TiNPs@FV, and butylated hydroxytoluene. All data of antibacterial, antifungal, and cutaneous wound healing tests were analyzed by SPSS 22 software. In the antimicrobial part of this study, TiNPs@FV indicated higher antifungal and antibacterial effects than all standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration of TiNPs@FV against all fungi were at 2–4 mg/mL and 2-8 mg/mL ranges, respectively. But, MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration of TiNPs@FV against all bacteria were at 2-8 mg/mL and 2-16 mg/mL ranges, respectively. In the part of cutaneous wound healing, use of TiNPs@FV ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.01) raised the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, hexosamine, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate and significantly (p ≤ 0.01) decreased the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte compared to other groups in rats. The results of FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, and FE-SEM confirm that the aqueous extract of F. vulgaris leaves can be used to yield titanium nanoparticles with a notable amount of remedial effects