Development of Compact and High-efficient Scroll Compressor with Novel Bearing Structure

High-Side Shell(HSS) scroll compressors have been widely used for Variable Refrigerant Flow(VRF) system which is a powerful solution for the cooling and heating of commercial buildings. In order to improve the characteristics of the VRF system, a new HSS scroll compressor has been developed with a novel bearing structure. The core elements of the novel bearing structure are an outer-type bearing mounted on an orbiting scroll and a female-type eccentric journal inside of a shaft. The outer-type bush bearing which is made of engineering plastic without a back steel layer has been newly developed. The new HSS scroll compressor employing the novel bearing structure has a compact size, high efficiency, and low noise level compared to a conventional HSS scroll compressor. In order to confirm the advantages of the new HSS scroll compressor, basic tests and theoretical analysis have been performed in this study

Lipschitz Continuous Autoencoders in Application to Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection is the task of finding abnormal data that are distinct from normal behavior. Current deep learning-based anomaly detection methods train neural networks with normal data alone and calculate anomaly scores based on the trained model. In this work, we formalize current practices, build a theoretical framework of anomaly detection algorithms equipped with an objective function and a hypothesis space, and establish a desirable property of the anomaly detection algorithm, namely, admissibility. Admissibility implies that optimal autoencoders for normal data yield a larger reconstruction error for anomalous data than that for normal data on average. We then propose a class of admissible anomaly detection algorithms equipped with an integral probability metric-based objective function and a class of autoencoders, Lipschitz continuous autoencoders. The proposed algorithm for Wasserstein distance is implemented by minimizing an approximated Wasserstein distance with a penalty to enforce Lipschitz continuity with respect to Wasserstein distance. Through ablation studies, we demonstrate the efficacy of enforcing Lipschitz continuity of the proposed method. The proposed method is shown to be more effective in detecting anomalies than existing methods via applications to network traffic and image datasets(1).N

Long-term outcomes of two rescue therapies in lamivudine-refractory patients with chronic hepatitis B: combined lamivudine and adefovir, and 1-mg entecavir

Background/AimsAdefovir (ADV) and lamivudine (LAM) combination therapy (ADV+LAM) has been a useful option for patients with LAM-resistant (LAM-r) chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, the long-term outcomes of LAM+ADV and 1-mg entecavir (ETV) rescue therapies have still been limited. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcomes of these two rescue therapies.MethodsSixty patients with LAM-r CHB underwent rescue therapy with LAM+ADV (n=36) or 1-mg ETV (n=24). We determined the duration of rescue therapy, timing and type of mutation, undetectable serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by PCR (lower limitation of detection, < 140 copies/mL), biochemical response (alanine aminotransferase < 40 IU/mL), and the incidence of hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion and virologic breakthrough.ResultsBaseline characteristics did not differ between the two therapy groups. The duration of rescue therapy was 56 months (range, 14-100 months) in the ADV+LAM group and 42 months (range, 12-73 months) in the ETV group (P=0.036). The cumulative rates of HBV DNA undetectability and HBeAg seroconversion up to 6 years were 88.6% and 43.0%, respectively, in the ADV+LAM group, and 45.8% and 31.8% in the ETV group. The rate of virologic breakthrough and resistance was 14.4% in the ADV+LAM group and 71.9% in the ETV group (P=0.001).ConclusionsCombination of LAM and ADV therapy for up to 6 years achieved modest rates of virological suppression and resistance. ETV is not an optimal therapy because the risk of viral breakthrough to ETV increases over time

The IPIN 2019 Indoor Localisation Competition—Description and Results

IPIN 2019 Competition, sixth in a series of IPIN competitions, was held at the CNR Research Area of Pisa (IT), integrated into the program of the IPIN 2019 Conference. It included two on-site real-time Tracks and three off-site Tracks. The four Tracks presented in this paper were set in the same environment, made of two buildings close together for a total usable area of 1000 m 2 outdoors and and 6000 m 2 indoors over three floors, with a total path length exceeding 500 m. IPIN competitions, based on the EvAAL framework, have aimed at comparing the accuracy performance of personal positioning systems in fair and realistic conditions: past editions of the competition were carried in big conference settings, university campuses and a shopping mall. Positioning accuracy is computed while the person carrying the system under test walks at normal walking speed, uses lifts and goes up and down stairs or briefly stops at given points. Results presented here are a showcase of state-of-the-art systems tested side by side in real-world settings as part of the on-site real-time competition Tracks. Results for off-site Tracks allow a detailed and reproducible comparison of the most recent positioning and tracking algorithms in the same environment as the on-site Tracks

Feasibility study on a stabilization method based on full spectrum reallocation for spectra having non-identical momentum features

Methodology for suppressing or recovering the distorted spectra, which may occur due to mutual non-uniformity and nonlinear response when a multi-detector is simultaneously operated for gamma spectroscopy, is presented with respect to its applicability to stabilization of spectra having the non-identical feature using modified full spectrum reallocation method. The modified full-spectrum reallocation method is extended to provide multiple coefficients that describe the gain drift for multi-division of the spectrum and they were incorporated into an optimization process utilizing a random sampling algorithm. Significant performance improvements were observed with the use of multiple coefficients for solving partial peak dislocation. In this study, our achievements to confirm the stabilization of spectrum having differences in moments and modify the full spectrum reallocation method provide the feasibility of the method and ways to minimize the implication of the non-linear responses normally associated with inherent characteristics of the detector system. We believe that this study will not only simplify the calibration process by using an identical response curve but will also contribute to simplifying data pre-processing for various studies as all spectra can be stabilized with identical channel widths and numbers

Top-Down Fabrication of Luminescent Graphene Quantum Dots Using Self-Assembled Au Nanoparticles

A new graphene quantum dot (GQD) fabrication method is presented, which employs a lithographic approach based on self-assembled Au nanoparticles formed by solid-state dewetting. The GQDs are formed by the patterned etching of a graphene layer enabled by Au nanoparticles, and their size is controllable through that of the Au nanoparticles. GQDs are fabricated with four different diameters: 12, 14, 16, and 27 nm. The geometrical features and lattice structures of the GQDs are determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hexagonal lattice fringes in the TEM image and G- and 2D-band Raman scattering evidence the graphitic characteristics of the GQDs. The oxygen content can be controlled by thermal reduction under a hydrogen atmosphere. In GQDs, the absorption peak wavelengths in the ultraviolet range tend to decrease as the size of the GQDs decreases. They also exhibit apparent photoluminescence (PL). The PL peak wavelength is approximately 600 nm and becomes shorter as the size of the GQDs decreases. The blue shift in the optical absorption and PL of the smaller GQDs is attributed to the quantum confinement effect. The proposed GQD fabrication method can provide a way to control the physical and chemical properties of GQDs via their size and oxygen content

In Situ Synthesis of Bimetallic Tungsten-Copper Nanoparticles via Reactive Radio-Frequency (RF) Thermal Plasma

Abstract We synthesize, in situ, W-x wt% Cu (x = 5, 10, and 20 wt%) composite nanoparticles using inductively coupled radio-frequency (RF) thermal plasma. In the RF thermal plasma process, the W-x wt% Cu composite nanoparticles are synthesized by hydrogen reduction of tungsten trioxide (WO3) and cupric oxide (CuO). The synthesized W and Cu nanoparticles are effectively reduced to W and Cu, and the W-Cu nanoparticles are uniformly distributed bimetallic (or composite) nanoparticles

Discrete Convolution-Based Energy Spectrum Configuring Method for the Analysis of the Intrinsic Radiation of 176Lu

There has been considerable interest in inorganic scintillators based on lutetium due to their favorable physical properties. Despite their advantages, lutetium-based scintillators could face issues because of the natural occurring radioisotope of 176Lu that is contained in natural lutetium. In order to mitigate its potential shortcomings, previous works have studied to understand the energy spectrum of the intrinsic radiation of 176Lu (IRL). However, few studies have focused on the various principal types of photon interactions with matter; in other words, only the full-energy peak according to the photoelectric effect or internal conversion have been considered for understanding the energy spectrum of IRL. Thus, the approach we have used in this study considers other principal types of photon interactions by convoluting each energy spectrum with combinations for generating the spectrum of the intrinsic radiation of 176Lu. From the results, we confirm that the method provides good agreement with the experiment. A significant contribution of this study is the provision of a new approach to process energy spectra induced by mutually independent radiation interactions as a single spectrum

A Novel Interposer Channel Structure with Vertical Tabbed Vias to Reduce Far-End Crosstalk for Next-Generation High-Bandwidth Memory

In this paper, we propose and analyze a novel interposer channel structure with vertical tabbed vias to achieve high-speed signaling and low-power consumption in high-bandwidth memory (HBM). An analytical model of the self- and mutual capacitance of the proposed interposer channel is suggested and verified based on a 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulation. We thoroughly analyzed the electrical characteristics of the novel interposer channel considering various design parameters, such as the height and pitch of the vertical tabbed via and the gap of the vertical channel. Based on the frequency-dependent lumped circuit resistance, inductance, and capacitance, we analyzed the channel characteristics of the proposed interposer channel. In terms of impedance, insertion loss, and far-end crosstalk, we analyzed how much the proposed interposer channel improved the signal integrity characteristics compared to a conventional structure consisting of micro-strip and strip lines together. Compared to the conventional worst case, which is the strip line, the eye-width, the eye-height, and eye-jitter of the proposed interposer channel were improved by 17.6%, 29%, and 9.56%, respectively, at 8 Gbps. The proposed interposer channel can reduce dynamic power consumption by about 28% compared with the conventional interposer channel by minimizing the self-capacitance of the off-chip channel