Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Evaluation of the effects of the bovine hepatic distomatosis on the reproductive efficiency and milk production

CONTENIDO Editorial Nesti de Alonso, Ana Edad y peso a la pubertad en novillas criollo limonero Age and weight at puberty of Criollo Limonero heifers Montiel Urdaneta, Néstor S. Efecto luteoprotector del tratamiento GnRH en vacas mestizas repetidoras con cuerpo luteo sub - funcional Luteoprotector effect of GnRh therapy in cross - bred repeatbreeder cows with subfunction of the corpus luteum González Stagnaro, Carlos; Madrid Bury, Ninoska; Morales, Jesús y Marín, Douglas Suplementación preparto de novillas mestizas durante la época seca. II sexo del becerro y comportamiento productivo Prepartum supplementation of crossbred heifers during the dry season. II Calf sex and reproductive Performance Portillo, Germán; Soto B., Eleazar; Román Bravo, Rafael y Ventura, Max Suplementación preparto de novillas mestizas durante la época seca. III comportamiento productivo Prepartum supplementation of crossbred heifers during the dry season. III reproductive Performance Portillo, Germán; Soto B., Eleazar; Román Bravo, Rafael y Ventura, Max Comparación de métodos de conservación para muestras de sangre y leche en la determinación de la concentración de progesterona Comparison of methods to preserve blood and milk simples for progesterone concentration determination Araujo F., Omar; Betancourt, R. y Romero, Maritza Evaluación de los efectos de la distomatosis hepática bovina sobre la eficiencia reproductiva y producción lechera Evaluation of the effects of the bovine hepatic distomatosis on the reproductive efficiency and milk production Chirinos, Angel R. y Chirinos de M., Nelly Irene Ultraestructura de la telangiectasia hepática bovina Ultraestructure of bovine liver telangiectasis Soto, Jorge A. y Delgado, Federico Ultraestructura del sinusoide hepático del bovino con referencia especial a las células de Ito, células almacenadotas de grasa o lipocitos Ultrastructure of the bovine liver sinusoid width special referent to Ito’s, fat storing cells or lipocytes Soto, Jorge A. y Delgado, Federico Evaluación de la leucaena leucocephala sobre la pigmentación de la yema de huevos de gallinas ponedoras y la influencia en su productividad Evaluation of leucaena leucocephala as egg yolk pigmentant of laying hens and its influence on productivity Parra de Solano, Neyda M. Efecto experimental de la ingestación del fruto del enterolobium cyclocarpum (Kara-Kara) en el ganado bovino Experimental effects of the Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Kara-Kara) fruit in cattle Negrón G., Gilberto; Parra, Omaira; Avila P., Nancy y Hoest Siberio, Armando Hepatotoxicidad de la maleza heliotropium indicum L. (Rabo de Alacrán) familia boraginaceae Hepatoxicity of the leed Heliotropium indicum L. (Rabo de alacrán) boraginaceae family. Morris de Sanz, Joyce y Román Bravo, Rafael y Zambrano, Omar Mensajes Institucionales35 - 45Nivel analíticobimestra

Oxyspirura mansoni (Spirurida: Thelaziidae) in fighting cocks of Trujillo State. Thecnical Note

De una explotación de gallos de pelea se examinaron 150 animales. Todos los animales presentaron lesiones oculares tales como conjuntivitis, inflamación de los párpados, secreción purulenta, destrucción de globo ocular, ceguera, enflaquecimiento y muerte de algunos de ellos. Se aislaron numerosos nemátodes localizados debajo de la membrana nictitante del globo ocular. Se determinó que el agente etiológico comprometido es la especie Oxyspirura mansoni. Del piso de los galpones se recolectaron insectos, los cuales una vez disecados, presentaron en su cavidad general formas larvarias del parásito. Se determinó pertenecer a la especie Pycnoscelus surinamensis, huésped intermediario del referido helminto.485 - 488BimestralA total of 150 roosters from a fighting cocks raising farm were examined. These animals presented severe ocular lesions such as: conjunctivitis, eyelid inflammation, purulent secretion, total destruction of the ocular globe, blindness, languidness and death resulted in some of the animals. Numerous nematodes located under the nictitating membrane of the ocular globe were isolated. The involucrated etiological agent was identified as Oxyspirura mansoni. Insects collected from the floor of the hen-run were desiccated for late examination. The larval stage of the parasite was observed in the general cavity of the insects that belong to the specie Pycnoscelus surinamensis, intermediary host

New focal infection of oxyspirura mansoni in gamecock of municipalities of Zulia state, Venezuela

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la existencia de un foco de infección de Oxispirurosis cuyo agente etiológico es un nematodo Thelazzidae: Oxyspirura mansoni (Cobbold, 1879). Este nematodo es responsable de la filariosis ocular de las aves. Este estudio se refiere a gallos de pelea ubicados en los siguientes municipios: Maracaibo, San Francisco, Mara y Jesús Enrique Lossada del estado Zulia. Venezuela. Estos parásitos están localizados debajo de la membrana nictitante de los ojos ocasionando absoluta ceguera. En el presente estudio el muestreo fue tomado de gallos de pelea de cuatro Municipios para un total de 630 aves. En una gallera del municipio Maracaibo, sector La Rotaria, 50,77% de los animales evaluados resultaron positivos. Los parásitos fueron extraídos directamente de los ojos después de haberles colocado una gota de ivermectina solución oftálmica (1%), mientras que otra gallera ubicada en el sector Delicias, 20% de las muestras de las aves estuvieron positivas; en una gallera del sector Lacteos San José, los animales estaban negativos; en el municipio San Francisco y en el sector Los Cortijos, 32% de las aves resultaron positivas. En el municipio Jesús Enrique Lossada las aves muestreadas resultaron negativas y en el municipio Mara, sector Los Lirios, 35 muestras resultaron negativas. Fueron colectadas numerosas cucarachas en las jaulas de los gallos infectados, identificadas y clasificadas: en el Orden: Dictyoptera, Suborden: Blattaria, Familia Blattidae, especie: Picnoscelus surinamensis, designada hospedador intermediario, la disección demostró larvas del nematodo Oxyspirura mansoni en la cavidad general. En las galleras negativas no estuvieron presentes los insectos. Se concluye que la cucaracha colectada en las galleras es la misma especie (Picnoscelus surinamensis) asociada con la enfermedad del primer trabajo reportado, pero las lesiones de las aves fueron relativamente [email protected] purpose of this research was to determine the existence of the source of an Oxispirurosis infection which ethiological agent is a nematode known as Thelaziidae: Oxyspirura mansoni (Cobbold, 1869). This nematode is responsible of ocular filariosis of birds. This study is related with gamecock birds located in the following Municipalities: Maracaibo, San Francisco, Jesus Enrique Lossada and Mara of Zulia State, Venezuela. These parasites are located under the nictitante membrane of the eye causing an absolute blindness. In the present study samples were taken from cocpits of four Municipalities of Zulia State with a total of 630 gamecock birds sampled. In Maracaibo, La Rotaria sector, 50.77% of evaluated animals were positive. The parasites were directly extracted from the eyes after treatment with an ivermectine ophthalmic solution (1%). In other cockpits located in Las Delicias sector, 20% of sampled birds were positive. In the San Francisco Municipality, Los Cortijos sector, 32% of sampled birds were positive, while in the second cockpit Lacteos San Jose the animals were negative. In the Jesús Enrique Lossada Municipality, all sampled birds resulted negative; in the Mara Municipality, Los Lirios sector, all 35 samples were negative. Were found in the cages of the gamecock birds that were positive, many cockroachs were identify and classified (Dictyoptera, Blattaria, Blattidae, specie: Picnoscelus surinamensis).This cockroach has been designated as the intermediary host. Larvae of nematode Oxyspirura mansoni were found in the general cavity of the cockroach. In tegative cockpits, the cockroachs were not present. It was concluded that the same cockroach species (Picnoscelus surinamensis) is associated with the disease as in previous work, but the degree of the lesions was relatively moderated

Study of Coccidia in broiler chicken of Maracaibo County: II. Histopathological study of Natural and Experimental Infections

En el presente trabajo se reportan las especies de Coccidia que infectan los pollos de engorde del Municipio Maracaibo, Estado Zulia; Eimeria maxima, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria necatrix y Eimeria Brunetti, esta última especie fue identificada por primera vez en Venezuela. Se llevo a cabo el estudio histopatológico de las lesiones macroscópicas y microscópicas producidas por infecciones naturales y experimentales. Se inocularon pollos sanos con cada una de las especies identificadas. Las lesiones de los pollos inoculados con: E. acervulina, E. tenella y E. brunetti fueron severas, con mortalidades del 8.33%, 16.66% y 16.66% respectivamente.207 - 228CuatrimestralThe Coccidiosis caused damage to aviar industry must be taken into consideration in our country. In the present work were reported the species of Coccidia that infest the broiler chicken of Maracaibo County of the Zulia State: Eimeria maxima, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria necatrix, and Eimeria brunetti; this last specie has been identified for the first time in Venezuela. A histopathologic study was carried out of the macroscopic and microscopic injuries caused by natural and experimental infection and were inoculated healthy chicken with each one of the identified species. The injuries of the inoculated chicken with E. acervulina, E. tenella and E. brunette were severe; each inoculated group of chicken had mortalities of 8.33%, 16.66% and 16.66% respectively

Prevalence of bovine babesiosis in sector cuatro (playa bonita), Mara County

Se seleccionaron al azar 9 fincas con una población bovina de 3.395. Se analizaron muestras séricas mediante la Técnica de Inmunofluorescencia indirecta y se comparó el diagnóstico con la observación de frotis teñidos con Diff Quick Stain. De 128 sueros bovinos 69 (53.9%) resultaron positivos para Babesia bigemina y 66 (51,6%) positivos para Babesia Boris, mientras que con frotis teñidos se observó 38 (29,6%) y 31 (24,2%) casos positivos, respectivamente. El análisis estadístico revela que existen diferencias altamente significativas (P<0,001) entre los dos métodos utilizados, diferencia que está a favor del método de Inmunofluorescencia. Los resultados obtenidos indican la magnitud de la enfermedad en la zona norte del Estado Zulia y señalan la necesidad de desarrollar y utilizar las técnicas sexológicas en la determinación de la Prevalencia de la Babesiosis bovina, para obtener de esta forma mayor protección y control contra la enfermedad.5 - 10CuatrimestralNine farms were selected at random with 3.395 bovines. Sera samples were analyzed thorough the indirect Inmunofluorescence Technique and the diagnostic was compared with the observation of dyeing smear with Diff Quick Stain. From 128 bovines sera 69 (53,9%) were positives to Babesia bigemina and 66 (51,6%) positives to Babesia bovis while with dyeing snerv were observed 38 (29,6%) and 31 (24,2%) positives cases respectively difference at favor of the Inmunefluerescence method. The obtained results show the disease’s magnitude at the northem of Zulia State and sign the necessity of the development and utilice the serologic techniques to the determination of the Prevalence of Bovine Babesiosis in order to obtain higher protection and control against the disease

Bovine fasciolosis and its association with risk factors in Mara and Páez municipalities of Zulia State, Venezuela

De una población bovina mestiza de 3860 animales, se recolectaron 877 muestras de heces, producto de un muestreo aleatorio simple realizado durante dos períodos de muestreo en épocas diferentes, la época seca (enero a marzo) y la lluviosa (septiembre a noviembre) de 1996, con el objeto de estudiar el grado de asociación existente entre la enfermedad y los factores de riesgo: presencia del hospedador intermediario (Limnaea cubensis), sexo del animal muestreado, control terapéutico del parásito en la unidad de producción y época del año. Resultaron 397 muestras positivas para las 30 unidades de producción, pertenecientes a cuatro sectores ubicados en las márgenes de los ríos Guasare, Socuy y Limón de los municipios Mara y Páez. La prevalencia para el municipio Mara fue de 53,15% y 40,93%, y para Páez, de 45,09% y 43,14%, para las épocas seca y lluviosa, respectivamente. Se detectó una asociación positiva entre la presencia de la enfermedad y la época del año, evidenciándose mayor prevalencia en la época seca, en la cual, el sector con mayor incidencia fue "El Colorado" (61,17%) con diferencias estadísticas (P<0,05) contra los otros sectores estudiados. Para la época lluviosa, no se detectaron diferencias entre los sectores, no encontrándose además, asociación entre el sector y la incidencia de la enfermedad. Se detectó asociación entre el sexo y la prevalencia, según el test de significancia Ji-Cuadrado, presentándose mayor incidencia en hembras que en machos, aunque el Rango de Desigualdad mostró que la enfermedad puede afectar a ambos sexos por igual. Los controles terapéuticos de los rebaños, dentro de su manejo, están asociados a una menor prevalencia. En rebaños sin control, la tasa de animales enfermos fue del 55,48%, mientras que en los rebaños con control fue del 34,65%. En todas las unidades de producción estudiadas se comprobó la presencia de Limnaea cubensis, observándose 23,30% del total de caracoles con formas larvarias de Fasciola hepática.183 - 190BimestralFrom a crossbred bovine population of 3860 animals, 877 fecal samples were obtained, product of a simple aleatory sampling carried out during two periods of sampling in different seasons, the dry season (January to March) and the rainy one (September to November) 1996, in order to studying the degree of existent association among risk factors: the presence of the intermediary host (Limnaea cubensis), the disease, sex of the sampled animal, therapeutic control of the parasite in the farms unit and season of the year. 397 positive samples resulted of the 30 production units belonging to four sectors located in the riverbanks of the Guasare, Socuy and Limon rivers, Mara and Páez municipalities. The prevalence for Mara municipality was of 53.15% and 40.93%, and Páez, 45.09% and 43.14%, for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. A positive association was detected between the presence of the illness and the season of the year, being evidenced highger prevalence in the dry season, in the one which, the sector with more incidence was "El Colorado" (61.17%) with statistical differences (P<0.05) against the other studied sectors. For the rainy season, differences were not detected among the sectors, not being, also, association between the sector and the incidence of the illness. Association was detected between the sex and the prevalence, according to Ji-Square significance test, being presented higher incidence in females that in males, although the range of inequality showed that the illness can affect equally to both sex. The therapeutic controls of the herds, inside their handling, are associated to a smaller prevalence. In herds without control, the rate of sick animals was of 55.48%, while in the herds with control was of 34.65%. In all the studied farms was proven the presence of Limnaea cubensis, being observed 23.30% of the total of snails with larvarius forms of Fasciola hepatica

Prevalence of ectoparasites in domestic fowls (Gallusgallus domesticus) from the San Francisco municipality in Zulia State, Venezuela

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la prevalecía de ectoparásitos de gallinas (Gallus-gallus domesticus) criadas en patios particulares y procedentes del municipio San Francisco, estado Zulia. Se examinaron 110 aves, identificándose 10 especies de piojos: Menacanthus stramineus 80%, Menopon gallinae 51 %, Lipeurus caponis 43%, Goniocotes gigas 32%, Goniocotes gallinae 15%, Goniodes dissimilis 4%, Colpocephalum sp. 2%, Goniodes gigas 1 % y Chelopistes meleagridis 1%, una especie de garrapata Argas persicus 2% y el ácaro Megninia cubitalis 12%. Los ectoparásitos: Colpocephalum sp., Go¬niodes sp., Chelopistes meleagridis son reportados por primera vez en Venezuela. Se estableció que el porcentaje de aves positivas a ectoparásitos fue del 91%. Se determinó el grado de infestación parasitaria: leve 38%, moderada 33% y severa 20%. Concluyéndose que en la zona en estudio existe un alto grado de infestación por ectoparásitos.348 - 354BimestralThe objective of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites in domestic fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus) proceeding from the San Francisco municipality in Zulia Satate, Maracaibo, keeping in particular yards. The study was done in 100 hens. From these, the following were identified: ten (10) species of lice: Menacanthus stramineus (80%) I Menopon gallinae (51 %); Lipeurus caponis (43%); Goniocotes gigas (32%); Goniocotes gallinae (51%); Lipeurus Caponis (43%); Goniodes dissimilis (4%); Colpocephalum sp. (2%); Goniodes gigas (1%) and Chelopistes melagridis (1%) one species of fowl tick: Argas persicus (2%), and one species of mito: Megninia cubitalis (12%). The Colpocephalum sp., Goniodes sp., species and Chelopistes meleagridis were reported for the first time in Venezuela. A total of 91 % fowl were found positive a ectoparasits. Its concluded that in the study zone exist a high grade of ectoparasites

Bovine hepatic distomatosis in two industrial slaugtherhouses of the Zulia state, Venezuela

Se realizó una investigación de los decomisos de hígados de bovinos infectados con Fasciola hepática y reportados por los Servicios de Inspección Veterinaria postmortem del Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social. La procedencia y volumen de animales beneficiados durante el período de estudio en los matadores Industrial Bolívar (FIBCA) y Frigorífico Industrial Mara (FIMARA), se obtuvo de los registros del servicio de clasificación de carne que mantiene el Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. De un total de 631.509 animales beneficiados en el FIBCA durante el período 1984-1998 fueron reportados 2.113 hígados distomatósicos, lo que representa un 0,33%, mientras que para FIMARA de un total de 131.556 bovinos sacrificados, durante el período 1992-1998 fueran decomisados 8.070 hígados infectados, representando un 6,13%. La prevalencia de distomatosis hepática bovina fue de comportamiento diferente en los dos mataderos. Se observa que el pico más alto para FIBCA ocurrió en el año 1991, en tanto cara FIMARA fue el año 1992. Se determinaron las pérdidas económicas por concepto de decomisos de hígados con distomatosis, las cuales alcanzaron la suma de $127.025. Se concluye que la alta prevalencia encontrada en el Frigorífico Industrial Mara, en relación al Frigorífico Industrial Bolívar se debe a que los animales beneficiados en el referido matadero provienen de los Municipios Mara y Páez, ubicados en la región del Edo. Zulia, donde existe desde hace tres décadas a distomatosis. Se recomienda realizar estudios que permitan cuantificar las pérdidas económicas por baja en la producción láctea y de carne, así como lo relacionado con la eficiencia reproductiva de los rebaños en las zonas afectadas.297 - 302BimestralA retrospective investigation of confiscated Fasciola hepatica infected bovina livers reported by the Post-Mortem Veterinary Inspection Services of the Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social (Department of Health) was carried out. The origin and number of cattle killed during the study period in Slaughterhouses Bolivar Industrial (FIBCA) and Mara Industrial (FIMARA) were obtained from data at the Meat Classifying Service, directed by veterinarians appointed by the Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria (Department of Agriculture). From a total number of 631.509 cattle killed at FIBCA from 1984 lo 1998, 2.113 distomatosis livers were reported, which represents 0.33$127.025 is the amount of money that represents the economic losses, due to the confiscation of distomatosis livers. It can be concluded that prevalence found at FIMARA in relation lo FIBCA is due to the fact that the animals killed at FIMARA are animals from Paez and Mara, which are northern districts in Zulia state, and where there has been evidence this parasitic disease since three decades. It is recommended that studies which allow assessment of economic losses caused by this parasitic disease by the low milk and meat production, as well as aspects regarding reproductive efficiency of cattle in the affected area be conducted