90 research outputs found
Knowledge management in development projects
The effective management of knowledge is now recognised
as a vehicle through which the construction industry
can address its need for innovation and improved business
performance. The failure to capture and transfer project
knowledge, which is usually buried in unread reports and
arcane filing systems, or lost because people move on, leads
to the increased risk of āreinventing the wheelā, wasted
activity, and impaired project performance. Knowledge is
therefore considered vital in creating competitive advantage
in the new economy. Much of the growth in many
global firms has been credited to knowledge, as new
technologies and innovations are applied to the market and
workplace. Knowledge management is therefore increasingly
seen as an integral part of an organizationās competitive
strategy as it facilitates continuous improvement through
learning and innovation. This is now increasingly recognised
by most sectors of industry, with many organisations
appointing a Knowledge Manager or Business Improvement
Manager, with responsibility for articulating and
implementing the organisationās knowledge management
strategy. This paper argues that knowledge management is
equally important in development projects and advocates
the application of knowledge management practices to
these projects. It introduces the key phases in knowledge
management (creation, storage, sharing, modification, etc.)
and explores how these can be implemented in development
projects. The application of knowledge management
to development projects is expected to result in numerous
benefits including the transfer of lessons learned from one
project to another, improved transfer of knowledge between
developed countries and developing countries, and
better management of human resources. This paper starts
with a review of key knowledge management concepts, and
outlines some of the characteristics of development projects.
It then discusses the potential for knowledge management
in development projects and concludes with a summary of
the practical benefits to be gained
Industry perspectives of IT and e-commerce
In recent years several new IT-based technologies such as e-commerce have been
developed, which if applied to the construction industry can prove beneficial. Before the
implementation of new technologies and applications, it is essential to identify the factors
that the industry perceives as being the enablers and barriers to the uptake of these
applications for greater effectiveness. This paper presents the results of a survey
undertaken to establish the views of industry practitioners on the uptake of IT (and ecommerce
in particular) within the UK construction sector. The survey explored attitudes,
current usage, barriers and enablers amongst other things. The findings of the survey are
briefly discussed and outline ideas for more effective deployment of IT and e-commerce
in construction organisations presented. The paper also tries to outline some future
prospects for using e-commerce in the UK construction industry, based on responses to
the survey
The need for the creation of knowledge chains in construction
Performance improvement has been the subject of recent initiatives in the UK
construction industry as a result of complex internal and external factors. These
include demands from clients, investors and stakeholders for improvement and
changes in market conditions. The need for performance improvement has led to the
implementation of industry-specific key performance indicators (KPIs) and greater
awareness of the benefits of measurement in construction engineering organisations.
This paper presents and discusses findings based on the practical experiences of
leading construction engineering organisations in the UK. A significant proportion of
organisations are now using a range of financial and non-financial measures to assess
business performance, and a growing number are adopting the Excellence Model and
the Balanced Scorecard to facilitate a structured approach to implementing continuous
improvement strategies. The paper concludes with some practical considerations for
implementing performance measurement models
Preliminary case studies of knowledge flow in construction supply chains
A critical issue in Construction Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the effective
management of knowledge through the whole project lifecycle. This issue involves the
enhancements of the flow of knowledge within and between different sectors of
construction supply chain as well as the accumulation, coding, and storage of knowledge
in the organizations. A typical construction project is one-of-a-kind, temporary, and
involves different tasks which are held by different professional and trade disciplines of
construction supply chains. These different disciplines of the supply chain have to work
closely in an intense environment over a period of months or even years. The information
shared between these organizations varies from technical drawings and legal contracts to
purchase orders, project reports, and schedules. Moreover, project knowledge which has
to be shared within and between the organizations is interconnected and includes all the
knowledge about the end product. Within such a complex environment, the efficient flow
of project knowledge between all the sectors of construction supply chain will directly
improve all the SCM efforts. This paper presents the findings of preliminary case studies
on knowledge flow in construction supply chains. The supply chain management
approach and the main problems regarding the supply chain and the knowledge
management practices in two supply chains are discussed. It also presents the research
method to identify the knowledge requirements of different sectors of the construction
supply chains. It concludes that the application of a systematic approach to knowledge
management in construction supply chains will bring enhance knowledge flow and enable
these supply chains to become construction knowledge chains
Case study of knowledge management implementation in a medium-sized construction sector firm
The transient nature of project teams and the competitive environment in which construction organizations operate require an effective mechanism to manage and reuse the knowledge created in the projects without straining its resources. A methodology for āliveā capture and reuse of project knowledge was developed for the purpose and encapsulated into a software tool. A study was conducted of a medium-sized UK-based construction sector firm to investigate the use the software tool as the central strand of its knowledge management (KM) framework. The tool was subsequently designed to integrate with a staff profile system and an e-forum. The new system was intended to bridge the communication gap between the companyās geographically dispersed offices by connecting the people together and, hence, facilitating the timely sharing of both tacit and explicit knowledge. Top managementās commitment was found vital in the successful implementation of knowledge management and the nurturing of the desired supportive knowledge-sharing culture. To get the most through the implementation of knowledge management, the various knowledge management practices and relevant information systems of a construction organization need to be strategically integrated to improve the location, capture, and sharing of critical knowledge
Architecture for implementing IFC-based online construction product libraries
Construction product information providers have responded to the demand for electronic delivery
by providing online access, CD-ROMs and DVDs but these solutions have limited usability and are generally
incapable of supporting prevalent and emerging industry practices. The product library implementations attempt
to replicate the functionalities of the paper versions, which serve for independent specification and procurement
but gives little thought to teams and tools integration through support for automated information exchange and
sharing. The IFC standard provides common terminologies, technologies, syntax and semantics necessary to
address present and future compatibility and integration issues, hence IFC-based implementation of product
libraries have good prospect for meeting the industry requirements. This paper reviews current product
information delivery methods and examines the applicability of the IFC and other standards. The requirements
for IFC-based construction product libraries are identified and an architecture for realising the requirements
was presented
Towards implementing integrated building product libraries
Electronic product catalogues and brochures are gaining
popularity but there is little agreement on content, format and
searching methods. This limits their usability and integration with
existing construction software tools. This paper examines a productmodelling
approach to delivering building product information and
describes a proposed multi-tier client-server environment. ISO/STEP
and IAI/IFC building product models are considered to facilitate
representation, exchange and sharing of product information. The
proposed architecture incorporates scalability with middleware
components that would provide single or few points of entry to
integrated product information. This paper is part of a research
project, which builds on the results of related projects including
ConstructIT Strategy, PROCAT-GEN, Active Catalog, COMBINE and ARROW,
towards implementing the required software components
Integrated use of technologies and techniques for construction knowledge management
The last two decades have witnessed a significant increase in discussions about the different
dimensions of knowledge and knowledge management (KM). This is especially true in the
construction context. Many factors have contributed to this growing interest including
globalisation, increased competition, diffusion of new ICTs (information and communication
technologies), and new procurement routes, among others. There are a range of techniques and
technologies that can be used for knowledge management (KM) in construction organisations.
The use of techniques for KM is not new, but many technologies for KM are fairly new and still
evolving. This paper begins with a review of different KM techniques and technologies and then
reports the findings of case studies of selected UK construction organisations, carried out with the
aim of establishing what tools are currently being used in UK construction organisations to
support knowledge processes. Case study findings indicate that most organisations do not adopt
a structured approach for selecting KM technologies and techniques. The use of KM techniques
is more evident compared to KM technologies. There is also reluctance among construction
companies to invest in highly specialised KM technologies. The high costs of specialist KM
technologies are viewed as the barrier to their adoption. In conclusion, the paper advocates
integrated use of KM techniques and technologies in construction organisations
Improving performance measurement practices in construction organisations
Performance measurement (PM) is being practised by a variety of construction organisations and many are aware of its importance to them. It is necessary for organisations intending to extend businesses locally or globally and as an important ingredient for the strategy development process. The paper contributes to a growing body of knowledge on PM and describes a maturity model to help organisations to structure and organise the PM practices. In particular, it explores the importance of PM and potential tools such as the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model. These two tools are widely known and the most used in all sectors including construction to measure organisationsā performance. This paper focuses on current PM practices in two countries, UK and Malaysia. Information on knowledge and understanding of PM, PM processes, criteria, tools and models used and challenges in implementing PM was gathered using semi-structured interviews with twelve large construction organisations. The purpose of interviews was to seek the organisationsā views on how they approach and conduct PM and derive benefits from it. Results indicate that organisations understand what they can gain from implementing PM. It is being practised in organisations to help improve business and gain more profits. Involvement of all staff, managerial level to bottom level, is important either directly or indirectly in the PM process. Furthermore, all organisations agreed that the appropriate use of tools and models to measure performance simplifies the process and indicates how organisations can move in future. Financial and non-financial aspects are evaluated and measured for assessing organisationsā performance. However, PM for organisations remains a challenge. It is seen that organisations face difficulties not only in understanding the PM process but also where appropriate data for measuring performance can be sourced. A critical analysis of the literature reviewed and the interview results lead to ways of helping organisations to target relevant performance measures, based on their maturity level
Using historic cases to formulate appropriate sustainable building refurbishment strategy
Existing buildings are indispensable in a society and they will continue to exist until
they reach the end of their service or economic life. While it is crucial to upkeep existing
buildings, enhancing their sustainability is equally important as the energy performance of
some older properties is usually less than satisfactory. Despite that, it is never easy for
citizens to establish which is the most suitable sustainable refurbishment strategy for their
properties. If historic cases can be captured and represented systematically, owners and
occupants living in properties of similar types can review the outcomes of these cases to
decide whether some sustainable building refurbishment solutions adopted by the others
before are applicable to their property. In the paper, a prototype case-based reasoning model
for sustainable building refurbishment is proposed. This paper demonstrates how to make use
of the proposed model to retrieve and reuse previous cases to derive suitable sustainable
building refurbishment strategies for existing buildings
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