Hepatoprotective Role of Sodium Selenite Against Oxidative Damage Induced by Mercuric Chloride in Rat Albinos Wistar

Background: The present study was undertaken, to evaluate the protective effect of sodium selenite against mercuric chloride induced oxidative stress in experimental rats. Female Albinos Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups, were the first was served as a control, whereas the remaining groups respectively treated with: sodium selenite (1mg/ kg b.w; ip), mercuric chloride (1 mg/kg body weight i.p) and combination of sodium selenite and HgCl2. Change in liver enzyme activities, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, antioxidants and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were determined after 10 days experimental period. Results: Exposure of rats to mercuric chloride caused a significant increase the lipid peroxidation level along with corresponding decrease in the reduced glutathione and various antioxidant enzymes in liver. And increase in serum: glucose level, APL and transaminases activities and decreased in total protein and albumin levels. Furthermore, treatment with mercuric chloride caused a marked elevation of liver weight and decreased body weight. Supplementation of sodium selenite resulted in decreased of lipid peroxidation level and in the serum: AST, ALT and APL activities were decreased along with increase in total protein, albumin and liver GSH levels. The activities of antioxidants enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GSH -Px) and glutathione –S-transferase (GST) were also concomitantly restored to near normal level by sodium selenite supplementation to mercuric chloride intoxicated rats. Liver histological studies have confirmed the changes observed in biochemical parameters and proved the beneficial role of sodium selenite. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrate that sodium selenite treatment augments the antioxidants defense mechanism in mercuric chloride induced toxicity and provides evidence that it may have a therapeutic role in free radical mediated diseases

Can Urtica dioica supplementation attenuate mercury intoxication in Wistar rats?

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of nettle Urtica dioica (UD) against Hg-induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 rats were equally divided into four groups: the control, the Hg (0.8 g HgCl2/kg in the diet), the UD (1.5 ml UD/rat by gavage), and the Hg+UD group. HgCl2 was daily dissolved in distilled water and immediately mixed with the standard diet. A solution of daily infused fresh nettle leaves in boiling water (16 g in 25 ml) was obtained and then it was administrated by gavage. Biochemical and reproductive markers, in addition to glutathione (GSH) level (liver, kidney and testis) and the histological profiles (testis and epididymis) were evaluated after 1 month exposure. Results: Compared to the control, the levels of glucose, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly raised in the Hg group. In the latter group, the concentrations of Mg, Fe, and Ca were significantly decreased. Besides, Hg+UD group has only showed raised AST activity and reduced Mg level. Concerning the fertility markers, Hg has provoked a significant decrease in the spermatozoa’s concentration and motility and in plasma testosterone level as well. Furthermore, hepatic, renal and testicular GSH concentrations have declined significantly in the Hg treated rat compared to the control. A remarkable enhancement of the GSH level was observed in all organs of the UD group. The histological examinations of the Hg group have revealed marked testicular degeneration of the most seminiferous tubules, and showed few sperms in the lumen of epididymis ducts. However, the Hg+UD rats have demonstrated an improved histological structure with the presence of important numbers of sperms in the lumen. In addition, a clear stabilization of organized seminiferous tubules and an increased sperms’ numbers were noted in the UD supplemented rats. Conclusion: Nettle leaves have not only played a clear protective role during Hg intoxication, but it also enhanced hepatic, renal and testicular GSH level of Wistar rats

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE HEPATO-TOXICITY OF A CHEMICAL FUNGICIDE COMPARED WITH ITS BOTANICAL HOMOLOGUE IN MALE WISTAR RAT

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The benefit of Silybum marianum in ethanol-induced reprotoxicity of male Wistar rat

This study investigates the toxic effects of ethanol (Eth) on the reproductive system of male rats and the possible protective role of Silybum marianum seeds-infused solution (SMI) over six consecutive weeks of administration. Animals were divided into the following groups: control, SMI positive control (200 mg/kg/day), Eth1 (1 g/kg/day), Eth2 (2 g/kg/day), Eth1+SMI, and Eth2+SMI. Plasma testosterone concentration, epididymal spermatozoa biology, and testicular and epididymal MDA, GSH and GPx levels were evaluated. The results indicated a significant decrease in testis and epididymis weight, testosterone level, sperm concentration, sperm vitality and sperm motility (total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, velocity average path, beat cross frequency, and lateral head displacement) in both Eth1 and Eth2 compared to the control groups and the combined-treatment groups (Eth1+SMI and Eth2+SMI). Furthermore, results showed a significant elevation in MDA concentration with a significant decrease of testicular and epididymal GSH concentration and GPx activity in theEth1 and Eth2 groups compared to the combined-treatment groups. The administration of SMI succeeded in improving the parameters cited above in the combined-treatment groups compared to the Eth1 and Eth2 groups, and bring them to the levels seen in the control groups. To conclude, SMI has clearly protected reproductive indices against ethanol-induced reprotoxicity in male rat

Characteristics of the bitter and sweet honey from Algeria Mediterranean coast

Aim: This study aimed to compare the physicochemical, the biochemical, and the antioxidant characteristics of unifloral bitter honey and polyfloral sweet honey. Materials and Methods: Unifloral bitter and polyfloral sweet honey samples were, respectively, harvested in January and July, and then, they were extracted by the traditional method. The markers of refractive index, pH, free acidity, Brix index, density, reducing sugars, total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing/ antioxidant power (FRAP) were evaluated. Results: The obtained results showed that the physicochemical parameters are within the normal ranges, in which they meet the international standards (Codex Alimentarius). For biochemical constituents, matching concentrations of reducing sugars (glucose+fructose) were observed in both samples, while that of sucrose were very low in unifloral than polyfloral honey. The levels of the active ingredients showed a difference in total polyphenols and tannins of the two types of honey studied, whereas that of flavonoids were almost similar. The antioxidant activity of various samples evaluated by DPPH and FRAP indicated that unifloral has a superior activity. Conclusion: Compared to polyfloral honey, unifloral bitter honey has lower sucrose, high total polyphenols, and tannins levels, in addition to higher antioxidant potential

TOXICO-PATHOLOGICAL ASSESSEMENT OF Nerium oleander ROOTS AND LEAVES ON WISTAR RAT

The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxic effects of Nerium oleander roots (R) and leaves (L) aqueous extract on Wistar rat. Serum chemistry, epididymal sperm parameters and histological examination of liver, kidney and brain were assessed after twelve consecutive day’s oral administration of N. oleander. The extracts of R1, R2, L1 and L2 induced no treatment-related adverse effects with regard to general behaviors, hematological, serum chemistry, epididymal sperm parameters and histological profiles of liver, kidney and brain. However, the higher doses (R3, L3) led to, diarrhea, weakness, anorexia, frequent urination, and nasal hemorrhage, with no mortality. The hematological data revealed a significant increase in the levels of hematocrit and platelets in both L3 and R3 compared to the control. However, these two extracts have not affected the level of RBC, hemoglobin, WBC, and lymphocytes, while the L3 has reduced the concentration of glucose and increased that of urea. However, triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferease, albumin, conjugated bilirubin, potassium and calcium levels of L3 and R3 were not statistically significant compared to the control. Simultaneously bilirubin concentration was increased significantly in L3 and R3. There were no significant differences in epididymal sperm analysis when compared to the control. Adverse histological changes were observed in both liver and kidney as well as in the brain. To conclude, N. oleander extracts have disturbed the levels of certain vital variables in rats at higher dose, in which caution should be taken during the use of this plant

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ABSTRACT The study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of argan oil in mercuric chloride induced renal stress, by using biochemical approaches. The effects of argan oil on mercuric chloride induced oxidative and renal stress were evaluated by serum creatinine, urea and uric acid levels, kidney tissue lipid peroxidation, GSH levels, GSH-Px and GST activities. Administration of mercuric chloride induced significant increase in serum: interleukine 1, interleukine 6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels, creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration showing renal stress. Mercuric chloride also induced oxidative stress, as indicate by decreased kidney tissue of GSH level, GSH-Px and GST activities along with increase the level of lipid peroxidation. Argan oil treatment markedly reduced elevated serum: IL1, IL6, TNFα, creatinine, urea and uric acid levels and counteracted the deterious effects of mercuric chloride on oxidative stress markers changes caused by HgCl 2 in kidney. Our results indicate that argan oil could have a beneficial role against mercuric chloride induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat