Exploring Tacit Knowledge Sharing Intention and Behavior within Workgroup from the Perspectives of Social Capital and Behavioral Control

Several researchers suggest that tacit knowledge sharing among employees is a process of social interaction by nature. Accordingly, the perspectives of social capital and behavioral control are employed in this study to investigate an individual’s tacit knowledge sharing and behavior within a workgroup. This study collects data through a multi-informant questionnaire design. There are three areas of interesting results. First, results show that tacit knowledge sharing intention and behavior can be induced by affect-based trust through organizational citizenship behavior. Second, internal control has positive effect on tacit knowledge sharing intention, but the relationship between internal control and tacit knowledge sharing behavior cannot gain support. Third, external control positively moderates the relationship between tacit knowledge sharing intention and behavior. It is interesting to note that tacit knowledge sharing intention does not necessarily lead to tacit knowledge sharing behavior unless the moderating effect of external control is taken into account. These findings and their implications are also addressed

Why Focal Firms Share Information? A Study of the Effects of Power and Information Technology Competence

Supply chain management has become an important issue for Taiwan\u27s manufacturing industry due to escalating global competition. Virtual vertical integration is an important issue in supply chain management. Because organizations only have limited resources, they pursue long-term partnership with specific transaction partners. They share information to improve visibility, speed responses to markets, and reduce costs from information distortion or information asymmetry. This study empirically explores the factors affecting inter-organizational information sharing from the perspective of focal firms. 1,000 questionnaires were administered to top 1,000 manufacturing companies in Taiwan, with 139 valid responses. The results show that partner\u27s power and relation-specific asset investments positively affect inter-organizational information sharing. On the other hand, the partner\u27s power does not significantly affect the organization\u27s relation-specific investments. This study further investigates the moderating role of information technology competence. The result indicates that when an organization has lower information technology competence, the relationship between the partner\u27s power and relation-specific investments is significant. Implications and discussion are then provided

Life histories determine divergent population trends for fishes under climate warming

Most marine fish species express life-history changes across temperature gradients, such as faster growth, earlier maturation, and higher mortality at higher temperature. However, such climate-driven effects on life histories and population dynamics remain unassessed for most fishes. For 332 Indo-Pacific fishes, we show positive effects of temperature on body growth (but with decreasing asymptotic length), reproductive rates (including earlier age-at-maturation), and natural mortality for all species, with the effect strength varying among habitat-related species groups. Reef and demersal fishes are more sensitive to temperature changes than pelagic and bathydemersal fishes. Using a life table, we show that the combined changes of life histories upon increasing temperature tend to facilitate population growth for slow life-history populations, but reduce it for fast life-history ones. Within our data, lower proportions (25-30%) of slow life-history fishes but greater proportions of fast life-history fishes (42-60%) show declined population growth rates under 1 °C warming. Together, these findings suggest prioritizing sustainable management for fast life-history species

Reimagining Building Facades: The Prefabricated Unitized BIPV Walls (PUBW) for High-Rises

In urban settings, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) on facades prove more effective than rooftop installations, especially for tall structures with limited roof area. Yet, the absence of ready-to-use BIPV solutions restricts their broader use. This research presents a prefabricated unitized BIPV wall system, using light gauge steel structure prefabrication. The innovative BIPV system boasts a multifunctional, modular design, ensuring quick installation and meeting airtightness standards. The design process encompasses cross-sectional design, PV mounting, 3D modeling, and full-scale mock-up demonstrations in Singapore. Remarkably, the prefabricated units are preassembled and pre-wired, allowing three non-specialized workers to install from inside buildings, eliminating the need for scaffolding. The study offers insights into the new BIPV system’s advantages, identifies its constraints, and suggests avenues for future enhancement

Maximum specific power output of an irreversible radiant heat engine

With the help of an irreversible Carnot cycle model with continuous flow, the effects of the irreversibility of finite rate heat transfer and internal irreversibility of the working fluid on the performance of a radiant heat engine are studied. The specific power output of the heat engine is chosen to be an objective function for heat engine optimization. The maximum specific power output and the corresponding efficiency are derived. The optimal problems concerning the primary performance parameters of the heat engine, such as the efficiency, temperatures of the working fluid and heat transfer areas are discussed in detail

Void Structures in Regularly Patterned ZnO Nanorods Grown with the Hydrothermal Method

The void structures and related optical properties after thermal annealing with ambient oxygen in regularly patterned ZnO nanrorod (NR) arrays grown with the hydrothermal method are studied. In increasing the thermal annealing temperature, void distribution starts from the bottom and extends to the top of an NR in the vertical (c-axis) growth region. When the annealing temperature is higher than 400°C, void distribution spreads into the lateral (m-axis) growth region. Photoluminescence measurement shows that the ZnO band-edge emission, in contrast to defect emission in the yellow-red range, is the strongest under the n-ZnO NR process conditions of 0.003 M in Ga-doping concentration and 300°C in thermal annealing temperature with ambient oxygen. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data indicate that the concentration of hydroxyl groups in the vertical growth region is significantly higher than that in the lateral growth region. During thermal annealing, hydroxyl groups are desorbed from the NR leaving anion vacancies for reacting with cation vacancies to form voids

Wave packet revivals and the energy eigenvalue spectrum of the quantum pendulum

The rigid pendulum, both as a classical and as a quantum problem, is an interesting system as it has the exactly soluble harmonic oscillator and the rigid rotor systems as limiting cases in the low- and high-energy limits respectively. The energy variation of the classical periodicity ($\tau$) is also dramatic, having the special limiting case of $\tau \to \infty$ at the 'top' of the classical motion (i.e. the separatrix.) We study the time-dependence of the quantum pendulum problem, focusing on the behavior of both the (approximate) classical periodicity and especially the quantum revival and superrevival times, as encoded in the energy eigenvalue spectrum of the system. We provide approximate expressions for the energy eigenvalues in both the small and large quantum number limits, up to 4th order in perturbation theory, comparing these to existing handbook expansions for the characteristic values of the related Mathieu equation, obtained by other methods. We then use these approximations to probe the classical periodicity, as well as to extract information on the quantum revival and superrevival times. We find that while both the classical and quantum periodicities increase monotonically as one approaches the 'top' in energy, from either above or below, the revival times decrease from their low- and high-energy values until very near the separatrix where they increase to a large, but finite value.Comment: 27 pages, 8 embedded .eps figures; to appear, Annals of Physic