Internationalization propensity in family-controlled public firms in emerging markets: The effects of family ownership, governance, and top management team heterogeneity

Internationalization propensity is a growing issue faced by family firms. This study contributes to the family business literature by developing a conceptual framework that can identify the family and managerial determinants that affect the extensiveness of internationalization. Drawing on the socioemotional wealth and upper echelon perspectives, it empirically examines the association among family heterogeneity (i.e., family participation is heterogeneous in terms of ownership and governance oversight), top management team (TMT) heterogeneity (i.e., the TMT’s background is heterogeneous in terms of its overseas education and industry experience), and internationalization propensity in publicly traded enterprises. The analysis of data collected from 105 public firms in Taiwan shows that active family participation in ownership and governance oversight and TMT overseas industry experience heterogeneity are significantly and positively associated with internationalization propensity. However, family ownership is found to be significantly but negatively associated with internationalization propensity. We finally discuss the implications of the presented findings for practitioners and organizational theorists

The Induction of Apoptosis by SV40 T Antigen Correlates with c-junOverexpression

AbstractSimian virus (SV40) T antigen shares many characteristics with adenovirus E1A which is known to induce apoptosis. To verify the potential of SV40 T antigen-mediated apoptosis, we stably expressed T antigen in immortalized human epithelial cells (Z172 and HaCaT). We found that SV40 T antigen could directly cause apoptosis in 22–27% of these cells under normal growth condition as measured by chromatin condensation and nucleosomal fragmentation. The apoptosis of HaCaT cells which contain mutant p53 suggests the p53-independent nature of T antigen-mediated apoptosis. T antigen-induced apoptosis was associated with increased expression of c-Jun protein. Moreover, the overexpression of c-junalone in these cells also induced apoptosis, indicating that c-junmight play an important role in T antigen-induced apoptosis

Genetic Drivers of Heterogeneity in Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P \u3c 5 × 10-8) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores5 in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care

Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P &lt; 5 × 10-8) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores5 in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.</p

Economic progress and international mobility of human resources: Chinese immigrants in the United States labor market

In the past several decades, the United States has experienced major shifts in the source of immigration due to the amendment of the Immigration and Nationality Act in 1965. The shifts in the countries of origin raise concerns as to their effects on the U.S. labor market and welfare system. These concerns rekindle interest in questions such as how immigrants are selected from their original populations and what skills they bring with them.This thesis investigates Chinese immigrants in the United States. The purposes are twofold. First, most researchers have usually treated Chinese immigrants in the United States as a homogeneous group regardless of their country of origin--mainland China, Taiwan or Hong Kong. Because of different levels of economic development and different kinds of political systems in the three areas, the Chinese immigrants are likely to be at differing quality levels, and to experience different assimilation rates. The first part of this thesis examines differences in the quality and assimilation of Chinese immigrants in relation to their points of origin.Second, this thesis investigates how Taiwanese immigrants in the United States are selected from Taiwan's population to examine the observed (skills or levels of education) and unobserved (motivation or ability) characteristics of Taiwanese immigrants and non-emigrants. Previous researchers provide less insight regarding differences between emigrants and non-emigrants in the context of their countries of origin. The thesis takes a direct approach to compare Taiwanese immigrants and non-emigrants in Taiwan.The results indicate great differences among Chinese immigrants from the three areas in age, wage rates, years of schooling and industrial and occupational distributions. Immigrants from China tend to be older and less educated (less skilled) than immigrants from Hong Kong and Taiwan. In addition, the thesis finds that the three Chinese immigrant groups experienced substantial assimilation into the U.S. labor market during the 1980s.When Taiwanese emigrants and Taiwanese non-emigrants are compared, there is positive selection on unobserved and observed characteristics for both emigrants and non-emigrants. Taiwanese emigrants in the United States are more skilled and educated than non-emigrants because the wage distribution in Taiwan is more compressed than that in the United states and because a more egalitarian wage distribution rewards lower-income (lower-skill) people relative more and encourages higher-income (higher-skill) people to emigrate.U of I OnlyETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissio

High Performance Work System Practices in Foreign Subsidiaries of American Multinationals: A Multi-Country Study

This study focuses on the utilization of high performance work systems (HPWS) by subsidiaries of American multinational companies (MNCs). It is based on the premise that American MNCs have a preference for HPWS utilization. However, institutional influences at the host-country level may limit the likelihood of HPWS implementation. This study examines HPWS implementation in a sample of subsidiaries across fourteen host countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe. The research provides considerable variability in host-country institutional environments. The model we propose is largely supported in the case of rank-and-file workers, though some anomalies are found in the case of managerial employees.unpublishe