Shakespeare Comes to Bengal

India has the longest engagement with Shakespeare of any non-Western country. In the eastern Indian region of Bengal, contact with Shakespeare began in the eighteenth century. His plays were read and acted in newly established English schools, and performed professionally in new English theatres. A paradigm shift came with the foundation of the Hindu College in Calcutta in 1817. Shakespeare featured largely in this new ‘English education’, taught first by Englishmen and, from the start of the twentieth century, by a distinguished line of Indian scholars. Simultaneously, the Shakespearean model melded with traditional Bengali popular drama to create a new professional urban Bengali theatre. The close interaction between page and stage also evinced a certain tension. The highly indigenized theatre assimilated Shakespeare in a varied synthesis, while academic interest focused increasingly on Shakespeare’s own text. Beyond the theatre and the classroom, Shakespeare reached out to a wider public, largely as a read rather than performed text. He was widely read in translation, most often in prose versions and loose adaptations. His readership extended to women, and to people outside the city who could not visit the theatre. Thus Shakespeare became part of the shared heritage of the entire educated middle class. Bengali literature since the late nineteenth century testifies strongly to this trend, often inducing a comparison with the Sanskrit dramatist Kalidasa. Most importantly, Shakespeare became part of the common currency of cultural and intellectual exchange

The cost and effective analysis of health care management of very low birth weight babies in rural areas of West Bengal, India

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is prevalent in low-income countries. Level II neonatal intensive care at SCNUs is cost intensive. Rational use of SCNU services by targeting its utilization for the VLBW neonates and maintenance of community based newborn care is required.  Even though the economic evaluation of interventions to reduce this burden is essential to guide health care policy making for low resource setting, data on low cost outcome study associated with LBW in Indian setup are scarce.  Methods: This study aims to estimate the costs to the health system in the management of LBW in rural setting where affordability of parents for healthcare facility comparatively less. The cost of management was cut off by minimum investigations, more supervision by working health care personnel’s. A prospective observational study was conducted to see outcome of estimate the costs to the health system in the management of LBW or VLBW babies.Results: The mortality and survival rate among the evaluated LBW under this low cost health care setting was 6.66% and 86.6% respectively.Conclusions: Results of this unique cost and effectiveness evaluation of LBW healthcare management in a low resource setting are very relevant in Indian context where healthcare facility is almost out of reach and affordability in majority rural populations. These results are of relevance for similar settings and should serve to promote interventions aimed at improving maternal care in rural settings. Further larger research is required on cost effectiveness of level II neonatal intensive care.

"The fruits of independence": Satyajit Ray, Indian nationhood and the spectre of empire

Challenging the longstanding consensus that Satyajit Ray's work is largely free of ideological concerns and notable only for its humanistic richness, this article shows with reference to representations of British colonialism and Indian nationhood that Ray's films and stories are marked deeply and consistently by a distinctively Bengali variety of liberalism. Drawn from an ongoing biographical project, it commences with an overview of the nationalist milieu in which Ray grew up and emphasizes the preoccupation with colonialism and nationalism that marked his earliest unfilmed scripts. It then shows with case studies of Kanchanjangha (1962), Charulata (1964), First Class Kamra (First-Class Compartment, 1981), Pratidwandi (The Adversary, 1970), Shatranj ke Khilari (The Chess Players, 1977), Agantuk (The Stranger, 1991) and Robertsoner Ruby (Robertson's Ruby, 1992) how Ray's mature work continued to combine a strongly anti-colonial viewpoint with a shifting perspective on Indian nationhood and an unequivocal commitment to cultural cosmopolitanism. Analysing how Ray articulated his ideological positions through the quintessentially liberal device of complexly staged debates that were apparently free, but in fact closed by the scenarist/director on ideologically specific notes, this article concludes that Ray's reputation as an all-forgiving, ‘everybody-has-his-reasons’ humanist is based on simplistic or even tendentious readings of his work

The Southpaw and The Global Knowledge Order

This paper considers the special challenges of creating and accessing knowledge material relating to the global South, especially from locations in the South. The imbalance between North and South in the creation of knowledge resources is linked to their unequal access to extant resources, but the link is not always direct or proportionate. The imbalance of access is largely owing to the cost. The ‘Open Access’ scheme might appear to redress the balance, but only by making active contributions by scholars of the South that much more difficult. The imbalance might be addressed by creating more and more freely-accessed databases of knowledge resources in the South, independently or in association with institutions in the North. Once the volume and importance of Southern material is globally established, its editing and analysis will follow, especially if supported by a formal agenda. Publishing the output of that research will pose another set of challenges in view of the unequal knowledge order. As partial solutions, this paper proposes some models of electronic publication, though e-publishing itself still stands somewhat in the position of a ‘South’ to the ‘North’ of print publication. South-oriented archiving, research and publishing in the electronic medium can set up a new model for the pursuit of knowledge, though the model is already familiar in the South in pre-digital formats. It is a more open, socially oriented structure, accommodating wider public participation alongside formal academic activity. This alternative ethos of inquiry can be the most distinctive contribution of Southern scholarship and publishing to the global knowledge order

Introduction. Global DH in a Global Pandemic

This introduction to the volume "Globale Debates in the Digital Humanities" addresses the lack of perspectives beyond Westernized and Anglophone contexts in the digital humanities. Focused on work that has been underappreciated for linguistic, cultural, or geopolitical reasons, contributors showcase alternative histories that detail the rise of the digital humanities in the Global South and other “invisible” contexts and explore the implications of a truly global digital humanities

Certified Organization, Volume3, Special Issue 6

ABSTRACT: Now-a-days in digital circuit some important issues like high speed, high throughput, small silicon area, and low power consumption is being considered by designers. Full adders are important components in applications such as subtraction, counting, multiplication, filtering, digital signal processors (DSP) architectures and microprocessors. So for designer it is a great interest to design Carry-look ahead adder because of its high speed operation. In this paper power consumption and delay of a 4-bit carry look ahead adder, implemented in static CMOS and adiabetic logic (ECRL) is analyzed

Global Debates in the Digital Humanities

Often conceived of as an all-inclusive “big tent,” digital humanities has in fact been troubled by a lack of perspectives beyond Westernized and Anglophone contexts and assumptions. This latest collection in the Debates in the Digital Humanities series seeks to address this deficit in the field. Focused on thought and work that has been underappreciated for linguistic, cultural, or geopolitical reasons, contributors showcase alternative histories and perspectives that detail the rise of the digital humanities in the Global South and other “invisible” contexts and explore the implications of a globally diverse digital humanities. Advancing a vision of the digital humanities as a space where we can reimagine basic questions about our cultural and historical development, this volume challenges the field to undertake innovation and reform

The cost and effective analysis of health care management of very low birth weight babies in rural areas of West Bengal, India

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is prevalent in low-income countries. Level II neonatal intensive care at SCNUs is cost intensive. Rational use of SCNU services by targeting its utilization for the VLBW neonates and maintenance of community based newborn care is required. Even though the economic evaluation of interventions to reduce this burden is essential to guide health care policy making for low resource setting, data on low cost outcome study associated with LBW in Indian setup are scarce. Methods: This study aims to estimate the costs to the health system in the management of LBW in rural setting where affordability of parents for healthcare facility comparatively less. The cost of management was cut off by minimum investigations, more supervision by working health care personnel's. A prospective observational study was conducted to see outcome of estimate the costs to the health system in the management of LBW or VLBW babies. Results: The mortality and survival rate among the evaluated LBW under this low cost health care setting was 6.66% and 86.6% respectively. Conclusions: Results of this unique cost and effectiveness evaluation of LBW healthcare management in a low resource setting are very relevant in Indian context where healthcare facility is almost out of reach and affordability in majority rural populations. These results are of relevance for similar settings and should serve to promote interventions aimed at improving maternal care in rural settings. Further larger research is required on cost effectiveness of level II neonatal intensive care. [Int J Res Med Sci 2016; 4(4.000): 1093-1098