Estimating plasma volume in neonatal Holstein calves fed one or two feedings of a lacteal-based colostrum replacer using Evans blue dye and hematocrit values at various time points.

Twenty-eight Holstein calves were blocked by birth date and randomly assigned to one of two treatments to investigate the effect of colostrum replacer (CR) feeding regimen on plasma volume (PV). Treatments were: 1) one feeding of CR (C1; 3L of reconstituted CR 675 g of powder providing 184.5 g of IgG at birth) or 2) two feedings of CR (C2; 2L of reconstituted CR at birth and 1 L of reconstituted CR at six h). By 6 h of age, all calves had received 3L of CR providing 184.5 g of IgG. Plasma volume was estimated at six, 12, 18, and 24 h after birth using Evans blue dye (EBD). No treatment effects were noted at any time points (P \u3e 0.05). Mean PV for all calves regardless of treatment at six, 12, 18, and 24 h were 78.6, 89.2, 83.9, and 90.7 mL kg-1 of BW, respectively. Plasma volume was correlated with hematocrit (HCT), initial HCT, and treatment. Hematocrit was correlated with PV, initial HCT, and body weight. Hematocrit for six, 12, 18 and 24 h after birth can be predicted with an initial precolostral HCT determination

Full-Depth Reclamation (FDR) for Preventive Maintenance: SR 65 Analysis

The INDOT and HNTB field inspection and management team for the I-65 Northwest Indiana Design-Build-Best Value project in Lake County, Indiana, will discuss differences in the implementation and reporting requirements for field personnel via this project delivery method versus a traditional design-bidbuild INDOT project

Full-Depth Reclamation (FDR) for Preventive Maintenance: SR 65 Analysis

The INDOT and HNTB field inspection and management team for the I-65 Northwest Indiana Design-Build-Best Value project in Lake County, Indiana, will discuss differences in the implementation and reporting requirements for field personnel via this project delivery method versus a traditional design-bidbuild INDOT project

Lipidomic Analysis of Endocannabinoid Signaling: Targeted Metabolite Identification and Quantification

This article reviews several methodologies to quantify endocannabinoids in various biological systems

Maternity service organisational interventions that aim to reduce caesarean section: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Background Caesarean sections (CSs) are associated with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity, yet rates continue to increase within most countries. Effective interventions are required to reduce the number of non-medically indicated CSs and improve outcomes for women and infants. This paper reports findings of a systematic review of literature related to maternity service organisational interventions that have a primary intention of improving CS rates. Method A three-phase search strategy was implemented to identify studies utilising organisational interventions to improve CS rates in maternity services. The database search (including Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Maternity and Infant Care, EMBASE and SCOPUS) was restricted to peer-reviewed journal articles published from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 2017. Reference lists of relevant reviews and included studies were also searched. Primary outcomes were overall, planned, and unplanned CS rates. Secondary outcomes included a suite of birth outcomes. A series of meta-analyses were performed in RevMan, separated by type of organisational intervention and outcome of interest. Summary risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were presented as the effect measure. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model. Results Fifteen articles were included in the systematic review, nine of which were included in at least one meta-analysis. Results indicated that, compared with women allocated to usual care, women allocated to midwife-led models of care implemented across pregnancy, labour and birth, and the postnatal period were, on average, less likely to experience CS (overall) (average RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.96), planned CS (average RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.93), and episiotomy (average RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.95). Narratively, audit and feedback, and a hospital policy of mandatory second opinion for CS, were identified as interventions that have potential to reduce CS rates. Conclusion Maternity service leaders should consider the adoption of midwife-led models of care across the maternity episode within their organisations, particularly for women classified as low-risk. Additional studies are required that utilise either audit and feedback, or a hospital policy of mandatory second opinion for CS, to facilitate the quantification of intervention effects within future reviews

Dominion cartoon satire as trench culture narratives: complaints, endurance and stoicism

Although Dominion soldiers’ Great War field publications are relatively well known, the way troops created cartoon multi-panel formats in some of them has been neglected as a record of satirical social observation. Visual narrative humour provides a ‘bottom-up’ perspective for journalistic observations that in many cases capture the spirit of the army in terms of stoicism, buoyed by a culture of internal complaints. Troop concerns expressed in the early comic strips of Australians, Canadians, New Zealanders and British were similar. They shared a collective editorial purpose of morale boosting among the ranks through the use of everyday narratives that elevated the anti-heroism of the citizen soldier, portrayed as a transnational everyman in the service of empire. The regenerative value of disparagement humour provided a redefinition of courage as the very act of endurance on the Western Front

Spatial and temporal mapping of key lipid species in Brassica napus seeds

The regulation of lipid synthesis in oil seeds is still not fully understood. Oilseed rape is the third most productive vegetable oil crop on the global market. Therefore, increasing our understanding of lipid accumulation in oilseed rape seeds is of great economic, as well as intellectual, importance. Matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation - mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a technique that allows the mapping of metabolites directly onto intact biological tissues, giving a spatial context to metabolism. We have used MADLI-MSI to study the spatial distribution of two major lipid species, triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs). A dramatic, heterogeneous landscape of molecular species was revealed, demonstrating significantly different lipid compositions between the various seed tissues. The embryonic axis was particularly enriched in lipid species containing palmitate, while the seed coat/aleurone layer accumulated vaccenic, linoleic and α-linoleic acids. Furthermore, the lipid composition of the inner and outer cotyledons differed to each other, a remarkable discovery given the supposed identical functionality of these two tissues. TAG and PC molecular species distribution was analysed through a developmental time series covering early seed lipid accumulation to the end of lipid accumulation. The spatial patterning of lipid molecular species did not vary much during seed development, although there were exceptions. Data gathered using MALDI-MSI was verified through gas chromatography analysis of dissected seeds. The distinct lipid distribution profiles observed implies differential regulation of lipid metabolism between the different seed tissues. Further understanding of this differential regulation will enhance efforts to improve oilseed rape productivity and quality

LIQUID AND SEMISOLID LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS , METHODS OF MAKING , AND USES THEREOF

Various liquid and semisolid lubricant compositions are provided, in particular lubricant compositions containing oil from the seeds of the Brassicaceae Orychophragmus violaceus, preferably those that have been esterified with one or more fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, or a combination thereof. In various aspects, lubricant compositions are provided that include a petroleum or a synthetic base oil and about 40 % or less by weight of a liquid lubricant composition containing oil from the seeds of the Brassicaceae Orychophragmus violaceus preferably those that have been esterified with one or more fatty acids. In various aspects, semisolid lubricant composition are provided containing an emulsion of ( i ) a thickener and ( ii ) an oil from the seeds of the Brassicaceae Orychophragmus violaceus, preferably those that have been esterified with one or more fatty acid