Differences in complications, cardiovascular risk factor, and diabetes management among participants enrolled at veterans affairs (VA) and non-VA medical centers in the glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: A comparative effectiveness study (GRADE)

Aims: We evaluated differences in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) enrolled in the GRADE study at VA vs non-VA sites, focusing on cardiovascular risk factors and rates of diabetes care target achievements. Methods: We compared baseline characteristics between participants at VA (n = 1216) and non-VA (n = 3831) sites, stratifying analyses by cardiovascular disease (CVD) history. Results: VA and non-VA participants had similar diabetes duration (4.0 years), HbA1c (7.5%), and BMI (34 kg/m2); however, VA participants had more individuals ≥ 65 years (37.3% vs 19.8%, p \u3c 0.001), men (90.0% vs 55.2%, p \u3c 0.001), hypertension (75.8% vs 63.6%, p \u3c 0.001), hyperlipidemia (76.6% vs 64.6%, p \u3c 0.001), current smokers (19.0% vs 12.1%, p \u3c 0.001), nephropathy (20.4% vs 17.0%, p \u3c 0.05), albuminuria (18.4% vs 15.1%, p \u3c 0.05), and CVD (10.4% vs 5.2%, p \u3c 0.001). In those without CVD, more VA participants were treated with lipid (70.8% vs 59.5%, p \u3c 0.001) and blood pressure (74.9% vs 65.4%, p \u3c 0.001) lowering medications, and had LDL-C \u3c 70 mg/dl (32.9% vs 24.2%, p \u3c 0.05). Among those with CVD, more VA participants had BP \u3c 140/90 (80.2% vs 70.1%, p \u3c 0.05) after adjusting for demographics. Conclusion: GRADE participants at VA sites had more T2DM complications, greater CVD risk and were more likely to be treated with medications to reduce it, leading to more LDL-C at goal than non-VA participants, highlighting differences in diabetes populations and care